Ziweto

Mahatchi a akavalo

Anatomy ya nyama imayesa momwe thupi lake limakhalira. Mwamtheradi, thupi la nyama likhoza kugawidwa mu nkhani, mafupa ndi ziwalo za thupi. Kuzindikira bwino momwe thupi limapangidwira kumatheketsa kufufuza bwino momwe zinyama zingagwiritsire ntchito ndizo, kuthandizira pena pakufunika. Nkhaniyi idzafotokozera mmene thupi la kavalo limakhalira - mafupa ake, ziwalo za thupi komanso nkhaniyo.

Ng'ombe za akavalo

Mitsempha ya nyama iyi yalinganizidwa kuti ipirire mtolo waukulu, umene umapezeka pamene ukuyenda mofulumira ndi kusuntha zolemera. Kawirikawiri, mbidzi imakhala ndi mafupa oposa 250 atabadwa, ena mwa iwo amakula palimodzi ali wamkulu. Mitsempha ya munthu wamkulu imakhala ndi mafupa 212 omwe amagwirizanitsa kuyenda mopanda phokoso kupyolera pamagulu.

Ndikofunikira! Chifukwa cha katundu waukulu kwambiri pa miyendo, bwalo losweka la kavalo ndi lovulaza lomwe silingathe kuchiritsidwa. Ngati simukufuna kuchotsa nyama yowonongeka, muyenera kuigwiritsa ntchito popuma mofulumira komanso musagwiritse ntchito ngati ntchito.

Mafupawa amagawidwa m'magulu asanu malingana ndi malo omwe amapanga thupi. Hatchi ili ndi msana womwe umagwirizanitsa mbali zina zonse za mafupa, chifuwa, chigaza, mafupa a kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kwa mikono. Pafupipafupi, gulu lirilonse liri ndi mafupa 45. Mafupa a chigaza ndi mbale zopingasa zowonongeka ndi suture. Zimateteza ubongo ndi ziwalo za nkhope. Mzere wa msana umaphatikiza mafupa a khosi, kumbuyo ndi m'chiuno, ndiwotayira komanso amasinthasintha.

Kuchokera kumtunduwu, kumbali zonse ziwiri, nthiti zokhoma bwino zowonjezereka, zikuphatikiza ndi kuthandizidwa ndi zinyama zotsika kumtunda wakumunsi. Amapanga chifuwa ndi kuteteza ziwalo za mkati kuchokera ku zochitika zakunja. Mphepete imatha ndi sacral bone, yomwe mafupa a pelvic amatambasula, amapanga chingwe cha urinary system.

Mukudziwa? Hatchi yaikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi inakhala m'ma 1840 ku England. Kuphimba dzina la Samsoni ali ndi zaka ziwiri kunkafika kutalika kwa mamita 2 20 cm pamene kufota ndi kulemera makilogalamu opitirira 1.5,000. Mbiri yake mpaka pano kwa wina aliyense inalephera kuti amenyane.
Miwiri iwiri ya miyendo, yam'mimba ndi yam'munsi, yambani kumalo osakanikirana ndi mafupa. Zitsulo zoyambirira zimasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera pamapagwa, mapaipi ndi mafupa osakanikirana, mmphepete, mkono, metacarpus ndi ziboda. Zilonda zakumbupi zimaphatikizapo mchiuno, bondo, tchire, timatabwa, metatarsus, zingwe, ndi ziboda. Pakati pa mafupa akugwirizana ndi ziwalo zomasuka.

Zida kapena ziwalo za thupi

Pafupifupi, akavalo ali ndi nkhani pafupifupi 60. Kuyendera kwawo kumapangitsa kuti azindikire kuswana ndi kugwira ntchito yamtengo wapatali. Nkhani zonse zigawanika m'magulu atatu - mutu ndi miyendo, miyendo, malamulo.

Kapangidwe ka mutu wa akavalo

Maonekedwe a mutu amachititsa chigaza. Malingana ndi mtunduwu, pali mitundu itatu ya mitu - concave, convex ndi molunjika.

Tsekani

Mtundu umodzi wa pike umapezeka kumtunda kwa nyama. Kapangidwe ka kagawa kameneka kamathandiza kuti kuziziritsa mpweya wotentha kumatope pambuyo pozizira komanso kumateteza ku mchenga kulowa m'mphuno. Woimira bwino ndi kavalo wa Akhal-Teke.

Ndikofunikira! Ganash - zowonongeka pansi pa nsagwada. Mtunda pakati pawo umakhudza makhalidwe abwino a kavalo. Ngati mtunda uwu uli osachepera 10 cm, ndiye ganash adzapuma pa pharynx, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kuti nyama izipuma.
Mafotokozedwe owongoka amadziwika ndi ntchito zazikulu ndi mahatchi omwe amafunikira mpweya wabwino m'mapapo. Mphungu yamtunduwu ndizoyimira zogwirira ntchito ndi olemba katundu.

Kumva

Ziwalo zakumva pamahatchi zimayenda, zimakhala ndi mapulusa atatu otsekemera. Ayenera kukhala atayima, atayang'ana, atalankhula kapena kumapeto. Kuyenda mofulumira kwa makutu kumasonyeza kuti nyamayo imaona bwino ndipo imayesa kubweza chifukwa cha kusowa kwa chidziwitso. Makutu osalankhula amasonyeza kuti akavalo ndi osamva. Nyama yamtendere, yathanzi imayendetsa makutu, omwe amatembenukira kumbali.

Maso

Chiwalo chachikulu kwambiri cha kavalo, chomwe chimamupangitsa kuti ayambe kukambirana mozungulira. Popanda kutembenuza mutu wake, chinyama ichi chimatha kuona zomwe zikuchitika kumbuyo kwake. Pali malo awiri akhungu - kumbuyo kwa croup ndi kutsogolo kwa mphuno.

Mukudziwa? Dzulu la akavalo lolimba ndilo limodzi mwa magawo ovuta kwambiri a thupi ili. Amakhala ndi mitsempha ya mitsempha, amakhala ndi mitsempha ya mitsempha ndipo imakhudzidwa ndi kayendedwe ka magazi. Nkhumba zamaganizo za ziboda za nthaka zimalimbikitsa mtima ndi kupitirira magazi mu thupi la kavalo. Khumba kutsogolo - chida choopsa kwambiri chimene hatchi ikhoza kugwiritsira ntchito motsutsana ndi wolakwira, ndi mabala ophimba osaphimbidwa mochuluka kwambiri kuposa savvy.
Kawirikawiri, maso a akavalo akung'ambika, amdima, amvula, ndi maso owuma owonda komanso maulendo otalika a eyelashes. Pali anthu omwe ali ndi maso owala. Kusayenerera kwa pigmentation sikukhudza masomphenya.

Mankhwala

Ndili m'kamwa. Pamodzi, akuluakulu ayenera kukhala ndi mano 40 - 24 mapale, 4 mavitini (mwa amuna) ndi 12 incisors. Iwo achotsedwa pa moyo, atatha kugwa iwo sakubweranso.

Monga mano akhoza kudziwa molondola zaka za nyama. Mtunda wochokera ku zovuta kwambiri kupita ku malo oyambirira umatchedwa pamphambano yopanda pake. Mitsempha yomwe imayikidwa pakamwa pa kavalo imayikanikiza pambaliyi ndipo imalola zinyama kulamulidwa.

Miyendo

Chiwalo chokhala ndi zipilala ziwiri, ndizomwe zimakhala zowonongeka. Kunja iwo ali ndi tsitsi lochepa, mkati mwake ali ndi pinki mucous epithelium.

Ndikofunikira! Ngati kavalo akudyetsedwa chakudya chozizira kapena chozizira, chidzataya kukhudzidwa kwa milomo ndipo chikhoza kuwavulaza pakudya chakudya. Mulole chakudya chikhale chozizira kapena kutentha musanadyetse nyama.
Ndi milomo yawo, akavalo amakhudza zinthu zomwe zimakondweretsa, yang'anani chakudya cha matupi achilendo. Milomo yawo yakumtunda ndi yamtundu, kumbali yamkati muli zovuta zamtundu.

Mphuno ndi mphuno

Mphuno za kavalo zimawoneka ngati mabowo awiri omwe amawoneka ngati tardus atsegula njira yopita kumsana wamphongo. Mu nyama zowonongeka, mphuno ndi zoonda komanso zamtundu, zimakhala zokhazikika. Zosakaniza zosaoneka bwino zamkati. Ngati chinsinsi chimasintha mtundu wake ndi fungo, zimatanthauza kuti nyamayo ikudwala.

Khosi

Kawirikawiri khosi lalitali ndilo limodzi lachitatu kuposa mutu. Khosi laling'ono laling'ono limasonyeza kusuntha kwa kavalo, liwiro la zomwe zimachitika. Msofu wa pakati kapena wamfupi umapezeka m'mahatchi amphamvu omwe sagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'onopang'ono koma amakhala otalika kwambiri. Mmene khosi lilili ndi lolunjika komanso lochepa kwambiri, zomwe sizitengera. Kunja kwa akavalo kukukula mane.

Mukudziwa? Kavalo wotchedwa Bucephalus anali wokondedwa wa mkulu wamkulu Alexander Wamkulu. Malinga ndi nthano, adapulumutsa moyo wa mwini wake wamkulu nthawi zambiri. Pamene kavalo wamakono adagonjetsa nkhondo ndi mfumu ya Indian Porom, mwiniwakeyo adayambitsa mzinda wotchukawu pa malo omwe anamwalira Bucephalus, omwe adakalipo lero dzina lake Jalalpur. Anthu a m'nthaƔi ya Alexander ankafotokoza Bucephalus kukhala "kavalo wakuda wamtali wakuda."

Akufota

Uwu ndiwo mgwirizano wa khosi ndi thupi. Zowola zingakhale zapamwamba komanso zochepa. Nyama zokhala ndi zouma zapamwamba zimatha kusinthasintha ndipo zimathamanga, ndi kuvala kosavala bwino ndi kulumphira, chifukwa zimatha kusuntha miyendo yawo yakutsogolo ikuyenda.

Kubwerera

Kuwerengedwa ndi kugawa kwake. Choyenera, ziyenera kukhala zolunjika (osati zokhota, osati zowonongeka), zazitali kutalika. Kuthamanga chifukwa cha ulendo wautali popanda kuvulala, kubereka ndi kuvulala kwa ntchito. Kubwerera kumbuyo sikuli koyenera kukwera mahatchi, chifukwa chiopsezo cha nyama chimawonjezeka.

Tikukulangizani kuti muwerenge za mtundu wa mahatchi: zolemera (Vladimir heavy, Frieze, Tinker, Shire) ndi kukwera (Arabiya, Akhal-Teke, Appaloosa, Orlov trotter).

Kamphindi sichimapatsa kavalo chokwanira, ngakhale chimapereka chipiriro ndi bata. Maonekedwe amkati amasonyeza bwino kugwirira ntchito komanso makhalidwe abwino. Mu mares, kumbuyo kumakhala nthawi yaitali kuposa mahatchi.

Tuluka

Ili ndilo mtunda kuchokera kumbuyo mpaka kumbuyo. Chiunocho chiyenera kukhala chozunguzika, chokwanira, chifukwa ndilo cholemetsa chachikulu cha ntchito ndi kuvala. Kwa iwo amene anabala mares, chiuno chimafooka pang'ono.

Mphungu

Kumbuyo kwa thupi kuchokera pakati kumbuyo mpaka kumtunda kwa mchira kuli kwa rump. Nkhonoyi imakhala mbali yachitatu ya chigobacho, pamtundu wa masewerawa kutalika kwake kudzakhala kanthawi kochepa. Pali mitundu itatu - yachibadwa, yokwera, yotsika. Zinyama zambiri, ziphuphu zimakhala zachilendo, mu akavalo ophunzitsidwa bwino sizimachokera. Poyang'ana kuchokera kumbuyo kwa kavalo, nyongolotsi imatambasula thupi lonse mpaka imadutsa pamapewa.

Ndikofunikira! Nyama zokhala ndi ziphuphu zowonongeka sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito kusuntha katundu wolemetsa - Izi zikhoza kuvulaza kuphatikizana.

Katulu ndi m'mimba

Chifuwa chachikulu cha mitsempha n'chosangalatsa kwa mahatchi apamwamba, mozama-chifukwa cha kukwera ndi zinyama. Chifuwa chachikulu chimasonyeza mapapu ambiri ndi mtima wolimba.

Mimba iyenera kukhala yofewa, yofewa komanso yozungulira. Mimba yosavomerezeka sivomerezeka, imawoneka m'zinyama zowawa kwambiri. Zomwezo zimagwiranso ntchito pamimba yovuta kwambiri - chizindikiro cha matumbo m'mimba.

Mchira

Mchira wa mchira umakula kuchokera kumapeto kwa zamoyo zam'madzi, zomwe zimagwira ntchito pamtunda. Mchira umathamangitsidwa ku mpikisano kapena kuikidwa pamodzi. Ambiri amahatchi amafupikitsa kapena amawombera. Mtundu wa mchira nthawi zambiri umasiyana ndi suti ya chinyama.

Mpangidwe wokongola

Mbali za kumbuyo ndi kumbuyo kwa kavalo ziyenera kukhala bwino. Miyendo yam'mbuyo imalimbikitsa kukankhira ndikuyamba kupita patsogolo, miyendo yakutsogolo imapangidwira kuti ikhale yosasunthika komanso yokhazikika. Miyendo yakutsogolo ndi yofupika kuposa miyendo yamphongo, komanso yayikulu kwambiri. Poyang'ana kuchokera kutsogolo kwa miyendo yambuyo ya kavalo iyenera kuonekera kudutsa pakati pa miyendo yam'tsogolo.

Mukudziwa? Mafupa amphamvu kuposa akavalo, palibe wina mu nyama. Mphamvu zawo zowonongeka ndizowiri mphamvu za granite, ndipo kutsika kwake kumakhala kochuluka kwambiri kuposa nthawi ya mkuwa. Komabe, fupa lomwe lili pansi pa kavalo ndi kavalo limakhala ndi katundu wambiri ndipo, kamodzi kathyoka, silingathe kubwezeretsedwa.

Kapangidwe ka mkati ka kavalo

Ziwalo zamkati za kavalo zimayambitsa kupuma, chimbudzi, kuyendetsa magazi kudzera m'matenda komanso malamulo apamwamba kwambiri.

Mitsempha ya mtima

Amaimiridwa ndi magulu akuluakulu ndi ang'onoang'ono a magazi. Amakhala ndi mtima wam'nyumba zinayi, zomwe akuluakulu amatha kulemera kwa makilogalamu 8, mitsempha, mitsempha ndi capillaries. Njira imeneyi imapereka mphamvu ya thupi ndi mpweya ndi zakudya, zimachotsa mpweya woipa ndi mankhwala. Kuchokera mu mtima, magazi amayenda kudzera m'mitsempha ya ziwalo, amabalalitsa m'matumbo kudzera m'madzimadzimadzi, ndipo, pambuyo pochita zamatsenga, amabwerera ku mtima kudzera m'mitsempha. Kuchuluka kwa mtima kwa munthu wamkulu wathanzi pa kupumula ndi kumenyedwa 30-40, mu ubwana - 70-80.

Ndikofunikira! Malingana ndi maulendo ambiri a kavalo pambuyo pochita mwakhama, n'zotheka kuweruza momwe zimakhalira ndi thupi lawo. Ngati, mutatha kunyamula kapena kunyamula zolemera, chiwombankhanga chakwera pamwamba pa zipolowe 120 pamphindi, katundu wotere kwa nyama sungathe kupirira.

Kupuma

Ndondomeko ya mahatchi ya mpweya imakhala ndi mphuno, larynx, trachea, ndi mapapu. Kupyolera m'mphuno ndi mlengalenga, mpweya utatha kutuluka mumphuno. Njira zowonetsera mpweya zimayambitsa kuyeretsa, kutsuka ndi Kutentha kwa mpweya.

Apa kununkhidwa kumadziwika. Mphuno ndi mpweya wopuma. Zimapangidwa ndi khungu, zogwirizana ndi mucous membrane komanso liwu lokhala ndi mawu. Mtsuko umene chimapuma kupuma umadutsa kuchokera kumphepete kupita kumtunda kwa mtima, kumene umakhala mu bronchi. Mapuloteni - ozunguza magazi omwe amagazidwe ndi okosijeni ndipo amapereka mpweya wa carbon dioxide. Izi zimatheka chifukwa cha kutsogolo kwa mkati mwa mapapo parenchyma, omwe ali ndi aang'ono kwambiri a alveoli. Iwo ali ndi ma capillaries a magazi omwe makomawo amawombola gasi.

Mukudziwa? Hatchi yaying'ono kwambiri padziko lonse ndi ya mahatchi amamera. Polemera makilogalamu 26, msinkhu wake ndi 43 cm basi. Mtsikana wamng'ono Thumbelina adatchulidwa mu Guinness Book of Records mu 2006. Amakhalabe ndi mbiri mpaka lero.
Ambiri a mapapu a chiweto chachikulu ndi 50 malita. Pa mpumulo, kavalo kamodzi kamodzi kamapuma pafupifupi 5 malita a mpweya. Pamene kavalo amapita ku gallop kapena lynx, mpweya wake umapuma 120 mphindi patsiku. Anamwali obadwa kumene amapuma mpweya wokwanira 80 patsiku.

Dongosolo lamagetsi

Hatchi ndi nyamakazi yokhala ndi chipinda chimodzi chokha cha 10-15 malita ndi intestine yaitali. Asanayambe kudya chakudya, kavalo amasakaniza ndi mano ndipo amawombera ndi mathala ambiri. Amadyetsa mimba imalowa m'mimba kudzera m'mimba.

Imaikidwa mu zigawo komanso pang'onopang'ono, popanda kusakaniza, imakumbidwa. Mphungu imayambira ndi chakudya ndipo imapitirira ndi mafuta. Madzi a kavalo m'matumbo amatha msanga, choncho chinyama chiyenera kuthiriridwa musanadye chakudya ndi maola limodzi ndi theka pambuyo pake. Misa imene imakumba m'mimba imalowa m'mimba mwaing'ono, kenako imalowa m'konde, kenaka imalowa mu cecum, yomwe imayambitsa chimbudzi ndi mapuloteni. M'mimba, chakudya chambiri chimakonzedwa kwa maola 12, m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono - kuyambira 7 mpaka 10. Nkhumba imapatsa chakudya zoposa tsiku, ndi matumbo akulu - pafupifupi awiri. Kawirikawiri, chakudya chili mu thupi la kavalo kwa maola oposa 100.

Ndikofunikira! Madzi omwe alowa m'matumbo amachepetsa madzi am'mimba ndipo amachepetsanso chakudya. Kudya chakudya kumayamba kupsa, kumayambitsa zochitika za bloating ndi colic. Pofuna kupewa izi, nkofunika kuthirira kavalo theka la ola pasanafike ndipo ora ndi theka mutatha kudya.

Mantha

Ndondomeko ya mitsempha ya kavalo imayendetsa mitundu yonse ya zinyama, kuphatikizapo malingaliro osavomerezeka komanso ngakhale kagayidwe ka shuga. Gawo lalikulu la dongosolo lino ndi ubongo. Lili ndi ma departments 10, omwe ali ndi udindo pa ntchito.

Hatchi ndi nyama yokonzedwa bwino kwambiri. Ali ndi kukumbukira bwino kwambiri, amapeza mosavuta zinthu zozizwitsa, mwachangu amacheza nawo. Thupi la kavalo liri ndi mafupa, machitidwe a mkati, zikopa za khungu ndi minofu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagulu osiyanasiyana, kuyang'anitsitsa komwe kumapereka lingaliro la ntchito ndi kuswana makhalidwe a nyama. Malingana ndi mtundu wa kavalo, pali kusiyana kwa maonekedwe a thupi, mutu ndi miyendo. Mtundu uliwonse umalimbikitsa malamulo omwe amapereka mahatchi abwino kwambiri.

Mukudziwa? Mayiko ena amalola kugwiritsa ntchito mahatchi monga malangizo kwa anthu akhungu. Inde, chifukwa chaichi samagwiritsa ntchito mahatchi amtali wamba, koma nyama zochepa za mtundu wa Falabella. Mahatchiwa amayesedwa kuti adziwe makhalidwe omwe amafunikira ndikuwongolera mwakhama asanakhale bwenzi la anthu. Zinyama izi zimayang'ana bwino mlengalenga, musataye m'magulu akuluakulu a anthu ndi zamtundu. Falabel ali ndi moyo woposa zaka 30, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito nthawi yaitali kuposa agalu.
Mchitidwe wamanjenje wokonzedwa bwino kwambiri ndi ntchito yapadera imapangitsa nyamayi kukhala bwenzi lofunika komanso lothandiza.