Anthurium ndi chomera chotchuka kwambiri chomwe chimakhala chodziwika bwino, chomwe chimadziwika osati ndi mitundu yosaoneka bwino komanso yoyambirira, komanso chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zogwirizana ndi zikhalidwe zomangidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kusamalirako kusakhale kovuta kwambiri.
Komabe, alimi ambiri amatsenga amadandaula kuti maluwa a flamingo, monga anthurium nthawi zina amatchedwa, amayamba kuwuma ndi kutaya masamba popanda chifukwa chomveka. Tiyeni tiyesetse kuzindikira zomwe zikupangitsa izi komanso momwe tingapewere vutoli.
Chifukwa chiyani anthurium akuuma: chochita
Zonse zomwe zimayambitsa kuyanika kwa masamba m'nyumba zowonjezera zingagawidwe m'magulu atatu: chisamaliro chosayenera, matenda ndi zigawenga za tizirombo. Komabe, pali chifukwa chachinai chomwe sichifunikira chithandizo.
Ndikofunikira! Masamba a humanrium akhoza kukhala achikasu ndi owuma kuyambira ukalamba. Zomwezo zimachitika nthawi zonse m'munsi mwa mbeu, ndipo ngati mphukira zazing'ono zimapangidwa pamwamba kuti zikhazikitse zidutswa zakufa, palibe chodandaula.Masamba okalamba ndi achikasu amachotsedwa bwino, chifukwa amachotsa maonekedwe okongola a maluwa, pambali pake, amatenga timadzi timene timatulutsa timadzi timene timapanga timadzi timene timapanga.
Koma ngati kuyanika kwa masamba kumakhudza mbewu yonseyo, ndikofunikira kupeza chifukwa. Pofotokoza zofunikira za maluŵa ena pazomwe zimasungidwa (kuthirira, feteleza, chinyezi, kuunikira, kutentha), kufufuza zomwe mukuchita ndi kuphunzira mosamala zizindikiro zomwe zimagwirizanitsa, mungathe kukhazikitsa bwinobwino chidziwitso choyenera ndikupeza njira zokwanira zothetsera vutoli.
Kusokoneza ulimi
Flamingo maluwa ndi yovuta kwambiri kwa nthaka chinyezi. Nyama iyi ya m'madera otentha ndi kumadera otentha a ku Central ndi South America akusowa kuthirira madzi ambiri, koma panthawi imodzimodziyo madzi omwe ali ndi mizu yambirimbiri sangathe kulekerera. Imwani nyemba izi ziyenera kukhala nthawi zambiri, kutentha kutentha mu chipinda, onetsetsani kuti mugwiritsire ntchito madzi otentha pang'ono.
Komanso, Anthurium imakonda nthaka yowawa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kuchuluka kwa laimu m'madzi sikukugwirizana ndi maluwa. Pakalipano, madzi opopayi okhala ndi calcium carbonate, salt zitsulo zamtengo wapatali, zotsalira za miyala yamchere ndi zina zamchere zimachepetsa kukula kwa dothi, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri kukula kwa anthurium, makamaka, kumayambitsa chikasu cha masamba ake. Chomeracho chimakhala bwinoko ngati mutamwa madzi ndi mvula kapena kusungunula madzi, koma ngati izi sizingatheke, madzi ayenera kutetezedwa bwino ndipo asidi citric ayenera kuwonjezeredwa.
Mukudziwa? Dzina lakuti "Anthurium" kwenikweni limamasuliridwa ngati "maluwa ndi mchira" (kuchokera ku Chigiriki "antos" - maluwa ndi "oura" - mchira), zomwe zimasonyeza bwino momwe maluwa a chomerachi amaonekera. Pakati pa mayina otchuka a anthurium kumeneko palinso mitundu yambiri yokongola kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, imatchedwa chinenero choyaka moto, chigoba chokwanira, chombo chofiira, cholembera cha ojambula.
Ulamulilo winanso wovomerezeka: kuthirira Anthurium, ndikofunikira kupereka madzi ochulukirapo kwambiri a dothi lonse, osati zowonongeka chabe, mwinamwake mizu ya chomera idzatha. Komabe, pambuyo pa madzi owonjezerawo muli poto, ayenera kuthiridwa mwamsanga, mwinamwake mizu idzayamba kuvunda.
Kuyanika kwa masamba a humanrium kungayambitsidwe chifukwa chowonjezera komanso kusowa madzi okwanira, koma kunja mwa umodzi ndipo mmbali ina maluwawo amawoneka mosiyana:
| Zizindikiro za madzi okwanira | Zizindikiro za kuthirira madzi okwanira |
|
|
Kusasowa kapena kupitirira kwa mchere
Anthurium sichimapangitsa kuti nthaka ikhale yovuta kwambiri, chifukwa chofunika kwambiri kuti gawolo likhale lofewa, labwino kwambiri, madzi ndi mpweya wabwino, choncho palibe chifukwa choti mbeuyo ikhale yonyowa ndi feteleza. Mu gawo la kukula kwachangu (kuyambira kasupe mpaka autumn), feteleza sangathe kuchitidwa kawiri konse pamwezi, m'nyengo yozizira ndi pambuyo pa maluwa, njira zoterezi zikhoza kuimitsidwa palimodzi.
Anthurium ndi yabwino kwa feteleza iliyonse yovuta, koma ndi bwino kuchepetsa ndondomeko yotchulidwa ndi wopanga osachepera awiri, ndipo nthawi zina nthawi zinayi. Monga momwe ziliri ndi ulimi wothirira molakwika, zolakwika pakugwiritsira ntchito zovala zapamwamba zingayambitse masamba a chikasu, chifukwa chosowa feteleza m'nthaka, komanso chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake.
Monga chitsimikizo, muyenera kutsogoleredwa ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:
| Zizindikiro za kufooka kwa zakudya | Zizindikiro za zakudya zambiri |
|
|
Ngati pali zizindikiro za mchere wochulukirapo m'nthaka, n'zotheka kupulumutsa maluwa a flamingo m'njira imodzi yokha - kubzala mu gawo lapansi latsopano, mutatsuka mosamala mizu yotengedwa pansi. Komabe, pozindikira vutoli kumayambiriro, nthawi zina zimakhala zokwanira kuti asiye kudyetsa kwa mwezi osachepera mwezi, komanso, kusamba nthaka mu mphika ndi "mwa" kuthirira.
Mpweya wouma
Mofanana ndi onse okhala m'madera otentha, lilime lamoto limafuna kutentha kwambiri. Chizindikiro chabwino kwambiri cha duwa ndi 75-85%, pamene panyumba mlengalenga nthawi zambiri imakhala ikuda.
Ndikofunikira! Malinga ndi ndondomeko zoyenera zaukhondo, m'chipinda cham'nyengo chilimwe chinyezi chiyenera kukhala mkati mwa 30-60%, m'nyengo yozizira, m'nyengo yotentha, 30-45%. Madokotala amalangiza kuti aziwombera mwamphamvu kwambiri, mpaka 70%, koma kupitirira kwa mankhwalawa kumakhudza thupi la munthu.
Choncho, n'zosadabwitsa kuti ngati simutenga njira zowonetsera mlengalenga pafupi ndi maluwa, zomera zimayamba kuuma.
Zizindikiro zoonekeratu za kuchepa kwa madzi ndi:
- kufalikira kwa chikasu kuchokera kumapeto kwa tsamba mpaka kumbali yake;
- kuyanika mbale ya pepala mofanana;
- Kukula kosayenera kwa mphukira zazing'ono - masamba samasuntha, kusintha mawonekedwe kapena opunduka.
Anthurium amayamikira mwatsatanetsatane njira imeneyi, koma imapereka kanthawi kochepa chabe, Choncho, akatswiri amalimbikitsa njira zina zowonjezera, mwachitsanzo:
- Ikani mapepala a maluwa mu chidebe china chachikulu ndikudzaza mpweya pakati pa miphika iwiri ndi mchenga, dothi, peat, sphagnum kapena chinyezi china chilichonse chomwe chiyenera kuthiriridwa nthawi zonse komanso mochuluka.
- Ikani pamalo omwe ali pafupi ndi maluwawo muli chidebe chachikulu ndi madzi, makamaka malo osuntha (kasupe kakang'ono kokongoletsa kapena mtsuko wokhala ndi compressor kwa aquarium).
- Kukhala ndi anthurium mu florarium - chidebe chapadera cha galasi chomwe chinapangidwira kulima zomera zokonda chinyezi, kumene zimapanga angwiro a microclimate.
Mwadzidzidzi amasintha kutentha
Kutentha kwakukulu kwa lilime lamoto ndi 20% + 25 ° C mu gawo la zomera zogwira ntchito ndi 16+ + 18 ° C mu gawo lotsalira. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti masana kapena kusintha kwa nyengo nyengo ya kutentha imakhala yosasintha kwambiri, mwinamwake masamba a chomera amayamba kutembenuka chikasu, owuma ndikumwalira opanda nkhawa. Ndi chifukwa chake zizindikiro zoterezi zimawonekera kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yotentha komanso pambuyo pake, pakapita maola ochepa microclimate mu chipinda chingasinthe ndi 5-10 ° C.
Mukudziwa? Esotericists amakhulupirira kuti anthurium ndi othandiza kwambiri kuti asunge amuna m'nyumba, chifukwa maluwa amenewa amapereka kulimbika mtima, kudzidalira, mphamvu zamkati, kukonda kugonana kwa oimira kugonana kolimba ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mwamuna wobadwa.
Chojambula
Vuto lina lamphamvu la anthurium ndizojambula. Ndizovuta kwambiri kuti chomera chikhale ndi mpweya wozizira, choncho, musanatsegule zenera kuti mutenge mpweya wabwino, pambali pake potsamira maluwa, ayenera kuchotsedwa.
Chizindikiro choyamba cha zomwe zimachitika polemba kapena hypothermia ndi zazikulu (zakuda) zobiriwira kapena zofiirira zomwe zimaphatikiza tsamba la masamba pambali pa kutentha kwa mafunde ozizira. Palibe njira zenizeni zomwe ziyenera kuthandizidwa pakadali pano, ngati mavutowa sapita patsogolo, mbewuyo idzapulumuka kupsinjika, ndipo chitukukocho chidzabwezeretsedwa. Komabe, masamba owongolera adzafunika kuchotsedwa mosamala.
Kupanda kuwala
Anthurium ndi chomera chachikondi, chimayikidwa bwino kumwera kapena kummawa. Popanda kuunika, makamaka m'nyengo yozizira, pamene maola a usana amachepa, masamba a Flamingo Flower amatha, amataya mtundu wawo, ndipo nthawi zina amatembenukira ndi chikasu.
Zowonjezera zizindikiro za kuunika kosakwanira ndi:
- kumangidwa kwa zomera;
- kusowa kwa maluwa;
- Kutalikitsa kwa masamba ndi zimayambira (amawoneka kuti akutambasula pamwamba pa kuwala);
- makulidwe ang'onoang'ono m'masamba aang'ono (poyerekeza ndi akale).
Ndikofunikira! Pokhala m'nyumba, mitundu itatu ya anthurium imakula, yomwe iliyonse imakhala ndi mitundu yambiri yamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Kusankha mtundu wokhala woyenera kwambiri wa flamingo maluwa, muyenera kudziwa kuti kufunika kwa kuwala kwake kuli kolimba, kumakhala kovuta kwambiri komanso kumakhala kosavuta mtundu wa tsamba la masamba.
Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukira kuti masamba owuma a humanrium angasonyeze kuchepa kokha, komanso kuwala kochepa. Chifukwa cha maluwa ake onse a flamingo omwe amawunikira kwambiri amayamba kutenthedwa ndi kutentha kwa dzuwa, zomwe zimawoneka ngati mawanga owuma pamapirawo, okhala ndi udzu watsopano. Pakapita nthawi, pepala ili likhoza kukhala lopunduka ndikuwuma. Pofuna kupewa izi, chomeracho chiyenera kutetezedwa ku dzuwa, pogwiritsa ntchito makhungu, mafilimu owonetsetsa komanso zipangizo zina zoyenera.
Pang'ono pang'ono
Ndipotu, anthurium amamva bwino kwambiri mu mphika wochepa kwambiri, ndipo mosiyana ndi maluwa ambiri amkati, chombo chofiira chimakonda mapulasitiki kukhala dongo (miphika yadongo, mizu ya zomera imatha kufa). Izi ndizochepa kwambiri zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti mizu yonse ya mphika imadzaza, ndipo imalimbikitsa anthurium kukhala maluwa ambiri.
Komabe, pakubwera nthawi imene mbewuyi ikuyamba kufunafuna "kukula kwa malo okhala."
Poonekera, izi zikhoza kukhazikitsidwa ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:
- mizu ya flamingo maluwa inadzaza mphika wonse kotero kuti kumbuyo kwawo kulibe kusakanikirana kosakanikirana kwa nthaka (popeza anthurium, monga orchids, nthawi zambiri amakula pamiphika yowonekera, zomwe zili mkatizo zikuwonekera bwino);
- Kuchokera m'mabowo a mphika, ngati atachotsedwa, mizu yambiri imakhala pansi;
- Nthaka yomwe inali pamwamba pa mphikayo inkaoneka kuti yayimilira chifukwa mizu ikutuluka kuchokera pamenepo, komanso inaphimbidwa kwambiri ndi laimu kapena zotsalira.
Ndikofunikira! Chimodzi mwa zinthu za anthurium, zomwe zimasiyanitsa bwino kwambiri ndi zipangizo zamakono, ndizomwe zimapangidwira panthawi ya maluwa, mopanda mantha kusemphana ndi ndondomekoyi.
Matenda a fungal
Chifukwa cha masamba owuma a anthurium akhoza kukhala tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amagunda zomera.
Izi zikuphatikizapo, makamaka:
- dzimbiri;
- bowa wakuda;
- powdery mildew;
- mizu ndi tsinde zowola;
- Fusarium;
- mbuzi yoyera;
- chiwonetsero;
- chithandizo;
- chalcosporosis.
Malingana ndi mtundu wa matenda, matendawa amadziwonetsera okha m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Choncho, dzimbiri limakhala ndi maonekedwe a bulauni pamphepete ndipo amatha kugwa masamba. Bowa wonyezimira umaphimba tsamba ndi mdima wandiweyani umene umalepheretsa njira ya photosynthesis, chifukwa cha zomwe zomerazo zimafota, zimafota ndi kufa. Ngati matenda ena akufalikira, mawanga achikasu a mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana angapangidwe pamasamba, omwe pamapeto pake amakhala a mdima wambiri, ndipo amatha. Zimakhalanso kuti mawanga amayamba kujambulidwa bulauni.
Kusamalidwa bwino kumathandizira kuti chitukuko cha matenda a fungal chikhale chonchi - kuthirira mopitirira muyeso, hypothermia, zoperekera zofunsira feteleza, etc., ndibwino kuti tipewe matenda kusiyana ndi kuthana ndi zotsatira zake. Koma ngati bowa lidakalipobe, tifunika kuchotsa masamba oonongeka, kukonzekera maluwa ndi kukonzekera kwa fungicide, ndipo ngati kuli koyenera, tifikirenso mu gawo lapansi latsopano.
Gonjetsani Zokongoletsera kapena Nsabwe za m'masamba
Madzi tizirombo, omwe amaimira akuluakulu ndi aphid ndi mealybug, amakhudza mbali zonse zobiriwira za zomera, chifukwa masamba omwe amayamba kutembenuka chikasu, kupiringa, owuma ndi kugwa.
Mukudziwa? Maluwa a anthurium si mtima wofiira ndi mchira pakati, monga ambiri amakhulupirira, koma mchira wokha. Kuti zikhale zowona bwino, izi zimapangidwa ndi inflorescence, maluwa aang'ono kwambiri omwe amalumikizana palimodzi, pamene "wofiira" akupanga inflorescence ndi tsamba lapadera.
Pachizindikiro choyamba cha kuwonongeka (zomwe zimachitika pozilombo toyambitsa matenda zimapezeka mosavuta kumbuyo kwa tsamba la masamba, kumene zimapanga mabala awo ndi kuika mphutsi, chiwonetsero cha maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe a pamtengo ndi masamba) ndipo mbali ya maluwa imayenera kusamalidwa mosamala ndi sabata yothetsera ndipo patatha masiku angapo bwerezani ndondomekoyi. Ngati vuto silikanatha kuthetsedwanso mofanana, limapitirizabe kugwiritsa ntchito tizilombo toopsa kwambiri.
Makamaka, kuteteza kwambiri nsabwe za m'masamba ndi mealybugs kumawonetsedwa ndi njira monga:
- "Fitoverm";
- Aktara;
- Actellic;
- "Inta-Vir";
- "Confidant" ndi ena.
Njira zothandizira
Tiyeni tiwone.
Kuti masamba a anthurium akhalebe obiriwira, wolima ayenera kutsatira malamulo awa:
- Sankhani malo abwino kuti muike mphika. Iyenera kuyatsa bwino, koma nthawi yomweyo imakhala yosavuta kutentha dzuwa.
- Kupatsa chomeracho ndi kutentha kwabwino ndi kosakhazikika - kuzizizira m'nyengo yozizira komanso kutentha m'chilimwe.
- Sungani maluwa kuchokera pazithunzi ndi kutuluka kwa mpweya wozizira.
- Musaike mphika pafupi ndi kutentha zipangizo, perekani zowonjezera mlengalenga.
- Nthawi zonse ndi madzi maluwa ambiri, pamene mukupewa madzi osasuntha ndi kuchotsa zitsulo zake ku poto.
- Kubwezeretsanso anthurium, khalani pansi pa mphika pansi, ndipo mutenge nthaka kuti muwone bwinobwino, ndi bwino kupuma bwino (sphagnum, mizu ya fern, makala, kunyezimira, dongo).
- Gwiritsani madzi ofunda ndi otsika kwambiri zamchere zokhutirira.
- Dyetsani chomeracho, musalole kutaya kulikonse kwa dothi kapena kuchepa ndi mchere.
- Kuwongolera nthawi zonse anthurium: Mitengo yachinyamata imafunika kuchita izi chaka ndi chaka, akuluakulu - kamodzi pa zaka 3-4. Onetsetsani kuti mukusintha maluwa atagula.
- Chithandizo cha panthaŵi yake motsutsana ndi matenda a fungal ndi tizirombo. Chotsani mosamala masamba onse omwe amasonyeza ziwonongeko.
- Mitengo yatsopano yomwe imapezekapo imayikidwa paokha kwa milungu iwiri kuti idziwe matenda omwe angawathandize ndikuletsa kufalikira.
Tikukulimbikitsani kuti mudziwe zambiri za malamulo okula anthurium.
Anthurium - chomera chodzichepetsa kwambiri, koma chikufuna kuti zikhale bwino. Zotsatira za chisamaliro choyipa pamalo oyamba zimawoneka pamagulu a nkhuni, zomwe zimayamba kusintha mtundu, zouma ndi kugwa.Wowonjezereka mlimiyo amatha kuzindikira chomwe chimayambitsa zoterezo, maluwawo amatha kuwombola ndipo amathokoza mwiniwake kukhala ndi maonekedwe abwino ndi maluwa ochulukirapo.
