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Mmene mungakulire mizu ya orchids?

Mizu ya orchid yathanzi imakhala ndi ubweya wobiriwira, zotupa komanso unyinji. Mbali ya maluwa ya maluwa imasonyeza mavuto ndi mizu - turgor ya masamba yatayika, kukula kwaima. Zikuwoneka kuti mbali ya mizu, yomwe ili kunja kwa gawo lapansi, imasintha mtundu wake, imakhala yofewa ndi yonyowa, kapena, mosiyana, imalira. Musafulumire kuchotsa nthawi yotere - chomera chikhoza kuyesedwa kuti chibwezeretsenso. Timaphunzira za zomwe zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa mizu ndi momwe tingamangire mizu yatsopano ya orchid.

Zifukwa za kuwonongeka kwa mizu?

Kawirikawiri chisamaliro chosayenera kapena kupezeka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kumayambitsa imfa ya mizu ya orchid. Ganizirani zomwe zimayambitsa mizu imfa.

Kusokoneza ulimi

Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa mizu ndizozizira kwambiri pansi pa gawo limene maluwa okongolawa amakula. Matendawa ndi owopsa kwambiri m'nyengo yozizira pamene kutentha kumatuluka ndipo kulibe dzuwa. Panthawiyi, chomerachi chimafuna madzi okwanira kusiyana ndi nyengo yofunda. Pakati pa madzi okwanira nthawi zonse perekani gawolo kuti liume.

Ndikofunikira! Musamangotengeka ndi feteleza kapena kuonjezera kuwonetsetsa koyenera, gwiritsani ntchito ndalama osati ma orchids. Kuchuluka kwa mchere kungayambitse imfa ya mizu yambiri ya orchid.

Kulimbana ndi msinkhu wambiri kumakhala ndi matenda omwe amachititsa imfa ya mizu. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, munthu sayenera kuthamanga nthawi zambiri kuthirira kapena kuwapangitsa kukhala wochepa kwambiri. Mkhalidwe wotere ukhoza kuyambitsa kuyanika kwa mizu ndi maluwa.

Kusasamala kwa kutentha

Hypothermia ikhoza kupha maluwa otentha. Kawirikawiri, thermophilic orchids amafalikira kwa theka la ola pamene kutentha kumapitirira mpaka 10 ... + 15 ° С. Izi ziyenera kuganiziridwa ngati chomeracho chili pawindo lozizira kapena pa khonde, pamene atengedwa kuchokera ku sitolo. Mitundu yosasinthasintha imakhudzidwa pa kutentha kwa -2 ... + 2 ° C.

Sitingalole kuti chisanu chikhale chokwanira, chifukwa sichikhoza kupulumutsidwa. Pewani ma drafts ndi kutentha kwakukulu kusintha pamene mpweya uli pa chisanu. Kutentha kwakukulu komanso kutentha kwa dzuwa m'tentha m'chilimwe kungayambitse mizu. Pa nthawiyi, duwa liyenera kukhala pritenyat kuchokera kumagetsi otentha, nthawi zambiri kuthiriridwa ndi kuthiridwa.

Tizilombo

Mankhwala a orchids akhoza kuukiridwa ndi tizirombo zomwe zimakhudza mizu:

  1. Nematodes. Izi ndi mphutsi zing'onozing'ono zomwe zimabereka mu kutentha ndi dampness. Amakhala m'nthaka komanso m'madera onse a zomera. Leaf nematodes amadziwonetsera okha mawanga a bulauni ndi akuda pa masamba. Ntchito ya muzu nematode imatsogolera ku mapangidwe a ndulu (mazira) ndi imfa yawo. Nematodes amafa pamtunda pamwamba pa 45 ... + 50 ° C. Olima maluwa omwe ali patsogolo sakufulumira kutaya chomeracho, ndipo kamodzi pa masabata awiri amamupatsa iye osamba, pang'onopang'ono akubweretsa mlingo wa madzi kufika pa 50 ° C. Chomeracho chimafunikanso kuikidwa, kusatetezedwa ndi tizilombo ndi dothi ndi chidebe ndi madzi otentha, kudula mizu yowonongeka ndikukula zatsopano.
  2. Mealybug Zimatanthawuza tizilombo tochepa timayamwa (0,5-12 mm), kupezeka komwe kumabala zoyera vatoobrazny. Amakonda kuika mazira m'malo osasunthika - m'magulu a masamba, masamba, mizu. Amakonda mpweya wozizira, wouma komanso zitsanzo za nitrogen. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timachotsedwa ndi swab ya thonje yoviikidwa mu madzi amchere. Onetsetsani kuti mupange ndi kukonzanso kwa mizu. Ndi zilonda zazing'ono, mungagwiritse ntchito kulowetsedwa kwa adyo. Pa zilonda zoopsa, amagwiritsa ntchito "Mospilan", "Aktellik", "Aktara" ndi mankhwala obwerezabwereza zaka khumi.
  3. Zikiti. Mitundu ina yomwe imakhudza tsinde ndi mizu siziwoneka mosavuta. N'zovuta kuchotsa nkhupakupa zomwe zimayambitsa mizu. Ndi bwino kupeza malo osakhalamo ndikugwiritsira ntchito chida kuchokera ku gulu la carbamate "Marshal", lomwe lidzathetsa vutoli mozama. Ndi nthata za kangaude, ndizokwanira kuchita mankhwala angapo ndi mankhwala monga "Aktelik" ndi "Fitoverm".
  4. Mokritsy. Kuwonekera pa zitsanzo zomwe zinkaperekedwa ku mpweya wabwino. Khalani mu gawo lapansi. N'zosavuta kuwachotsa mwa kuthira poto ndi maluwa m'madzi kapena mothandizidwa ndi mapiritsi a pyrethrum.

Ndikofunikira! Onetsetsani kuti mukukonzekera kugulira orchid ndikukhalapo kwaokha ndikuyang'ana kupezeka kwa tizilombo mu gawo lapansi. Yesetsani kusamala mosankhidwa omwe ali osungidwa m'sitolo.

Kukonzekera chilengedwe chokula

Podziwa chifukwa cha imfa ya mizu, m'pofunika kukonzekera kuchotseratu mizu yokhudzidwa ndi yakufa ndikuyamba kumanga zatsopano.

Kwa ichi muyenera kusunga zotsatirazi:

  • Wosweka makala (akhoza, atayikidwa mpweya ku mankhwala) kapena sinamoni ufa;
  • mpeni woledzeretsa;
  • fungicide yomwe imakhumba kapena tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (ngati imayambitsa matenda kapena tizirombo).

Ndiye m'pofunika kuti maluwa a orchid achoke mumtsuko, kumasula mosamala mizu ku gawo lapansi, nadzatsuka ndi madzi otentha, ndipo muziyang'anitsitsa mosamala ndi zomera zokha. Chotsani ziwalo za matenda, ndi kuwaza malo odulidwa ndi malasha kapena sinamoni. Kenaka msiyeni maola 6.

Ngati nematodes amapezeka, maluwawo ayenera kumizidwa m'madzi otenthedwa ku 45% + 55 ° С. Malingana ndi kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka, khalani pamenepo kwa mphindi 5-30, kusunga kutentha kofunikira. Ngati mchere wandiweyani, chomeracho chiyenera kusamba bwinobwino mizu yotsalira ndikuchotsa tizilombo tokha.

Matenda akamapezeka, amafunika kugwiritsa ntchito fungicides yomwe imayenderana nawo, koma nkofunika kuti mukhalebe ndi maluwa ofooka mu mankhwala osankhidwa osapitirira mphindi 10-15. Kenaka orchid ikhale yowuma kwa maola 12-24.

Ndikofunikira! Pozindikiritsa tizilombo ndi matenda, nkofunika kuyendera zomera zoyandikana ndikuyendetsa bwino malo omwe amamera ndi orchid akukula.

Njira zazikulu zokula mizu

Pali njira zingapo zomwe zingathandize orchid kukula mizu. Zingagwiritsidwe ntchito palimodzi kwa chomera chovulazidwa, mizu yake yafa, ndi ana a orchid.

Pogwiritsa ntchito madzi

Makamaka rooting orchids amapezeka ndi chithandizo cha madzi.

Nthawi zonse mumadzi

Njira imeneyi siigwiritsidwe ntchito nthawi zonse. Ikhoza kuyambitsa kuvunda mobwerezabwereza kwa mizu.

Ndondomeko yoyendetsera miyendo yomwe ili pambaliyi ikuchitika motere:

  1. Madzi ozizira otentha amatsanulira mu chidebe. Kugwiritsa ntchito rooting stimulants n'kotheka.
  2. Chomeracho chimayikidwa kuti maziko ndi mizu yaying'ono nthawi zonse pansi pa madzi. Kawirikawiri mapeto amamizidwa m'madzi kwa masentimita 1.
  3. Pamene kutuluka kwa maluwa kumatsika pansi.
  4. Pakatha masiku asanu ndi awiri madzi amasinthidwa kwathunthu.

Video: Bweretsani orchid m'madzi

Pamwamba pa madzi

Kukula mizu pamwamba pa madzi akuonedwa ngati njira yopanda mavuto.

Ikuchitika motere:

  1. Thirani madzi mu chidebe choonekera. Ayenera kukhala ndi magawo otere kuti zomera zisagwe. Kapenanso mungagwiritse ntchito botolo la pulasitiki la 5-lita ndikukonza chomeracho ndi waya.
  2. Maluwa a orchid amaikidwa mu chidebe kuti asafike pa 1-2 masentimita a madzi.
  3. Tsiku lililonse, duwa limachotsedwa ndikuyikidwa kwa ora limodzi muyeso ndi shuga kapena shuga. Ndiye zouma pang'ono ndi kuikidwa kachiwiri mu chidebe.
  4. Pambuyo pa 1 koloko madzulo, chomeracho chimayikidwa mu njira yothetsera mavitamini. Ndikofunika kuti tichite madzulo kuti mavitamini asawonongeke chifukwa cha dzuwa.

Mukudziwa? Olima amaluwa amaluwa amaika orchid m'madzi osati tsiku lonse, koma maola 6 okha. Nthaŵi zina zomerazo zimakhala zouma. Ndi njira iyi, chomeracho chimakhala chosavuta kukhazikika mu gawo lapansi.

Mizu yapamwamba

Njira yowonjezera mizu ya orchid imapereka zotsatira zabwino. Mizu imakhala yotseguka, koma imatetezedwa ku chinyontho chochulukirapo ndi kuwonongeka.

Ndondomeko ya njirayi ndi iyi:

  1. Masamba amatengedwa mosamala ndipo chomeracho chimayikidwa mu botolo la pulasitiki ndi nsonga.
  2. Thirani madzi ofunda ndi stirred oyambitsa mpweya ufa pakati pa pepala.
  3. Mtsinje, womwe umasiyidwa mumlengalenga, umatulutsidwa tsiku ndi tsiku ndi botolo la kutsitsi.
  4. Pamene mphukira imawonekera, orchid imatembenuzidwa ndikuyikidwa mu nthaka ya moss kuti apange mawonekedwe a mizu.
  5. Pamene mizu yakula mokwanira, ikani maluwa mu gawo lapansi losatha.

Mu gawo lapansi

Njirayi ikuyeneretsedwera ku masitepe omwe asunga zina mwa mizu yawo. Ubwino wa rooting woterewu ndi wakuti pamene suli kofunikira kuti ufanane ndi zikhalidwe zatsopano. Kuwombera mbewu pamodzi ndi gawo lapansi sikungakhale kovuta kwambiri kwa orchid. Sphagnum kapena vermokulite amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo lapansi.

Zotsatira za zochita za njira iyi ndi izi:

  1. Pansi pa mphika muziika dothi lopangira dothi kapena miyala yaing'ono.
  2. A sphagnum aikidwa pamwamba, akuphwanya pang'ono.
  3. Mbewuyo ili m'njira yoti mazikowo asatsekedwe kwathunthu ndipo muzu wa mizu ndi womasuka.
  4. Maluwawo amasungidwa ku zothandizira zomwe zili mu gawo lapansi.
  5. Mzere wosanjikizana wa sphagnum ndi wothira kupopera mbewu kuchokera ku botolo la kutsitsi.
Mizu imakhalapo kuyambira masabata 4 mpaka 8.

Mukudziwa? Orchid yais, yomwe imamera ku Russia pamphepete mwa nyanja ya Black Sea, imatulutsa fungo la njuchi kuti likope oyendetsa mungu. Maonekedwe ndi mtundu wa pakati pa duwa akufanana ndi njuchi akazi.

Pa makungwa

Mutha kuphuka orchid pa khungwa lalikulu la nkhalango. Njira imeneyi sichitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito, koma ngati mukufuna kuti muisankhe.

Njira yokhala ndi rooting ndi makungwa ndi izi:

  1. Choyamba muyenera kuchiza makungwa. Kuti muchite izi, yiritsani kwa ora limodzi ndikulola kuti lizizizira. Kugula makungwa akuthiridwa m'madzi kuti azidzaza ndi chinyezi.
  2. Ziphuphu zimadulidwa ndi mapiritsi a nylon ndi zisa. Amakonza chomeracho ku zothandizira zomwe zimayikidwa mu thanki. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofewa zamtengo wapatali kapena mapulasitiki. Mphepete mwa orchid iyenera kumakhudza khungwa lakuda.
  3. Msosi umakhala ndi mankhwala othandiza kapena otsekemera a vitamini B1.

Patangotha ​​masabata angapo, ndondomeko ya rooting iyenera kuyamba, ndipo pambuyo pa miyezi itatu mizu iyenera kukhazikitsidwa kale. Mizu ya mbeuyo imamera pamwamba pa makungwa. Kuchita kuthirira ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa mphukira sikofunika. Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti kuyanika mu chipinda posankha njirayi sikuvomerezeka. Choncho, m'pofunika kuika zitsulo ndi madzi pafupi ndi makungwa ndi maluwa. Ngati khungwa likadali louma, ndiye kuti liyenera kusungunuka.

Kusamalira panthawi ya kukula kwa mizu ya orchid

Pakati pa mizu yokula, orchids ayenera kupereka chisamaliro chabwino. Kuwombera mpweya kumapambana kutentha kwakukulu kwa 23% + 25 ° C ndipo ndi kuwala kodabwitsa. Dzuŵa lachindunji la dzuwa liyenera kuchotsedwa. Choncho, ikani maluwa okha m'mawindo omwe akuyang'ana kum'maŵa kapena kum'maŵa. Nthawi yozizira, mphika wokhala ndi duwa iyenera kuikidwa kumbali yakumwera kapena kumwera chakumadzulo, n'zotheka kuunikira fitolamp. Kutalika kwa tsiku lonse ndi maola 12. Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti palibe madontho omwe amasintha.

Onaninso ngati n'zotheka kubwezeretsanso orchid ngati mizu yavunda.

Sikofunika kudyetsa nthawi imeneyi, koma pamene mizu yoyamba ikuwonekera, mukhoza kusintha njirayi mothandizidwa ndi zokopa. Osadandaula ngati imodzi mwa masamba (pansi) inayamba kutembenukira chikasu ndi youma - duwa ili limadya zakudya kuchokera kwa ilo kuti likhale mizu.

Zidzakhala bwino kudyetsa maluwa ndi mavitamini a gulu B Njira yothetsera kuvala imapangidwa motere: ½ chikho cha madzi chiyenera kutengedwa ndi 1-2 madontho a vitamini B6, B12, B3. Njirayi iyenera kupukuta masamba ndikupanga pansi pa mbeu. N'zotheka kulimbikitsa chomera ku matenda osiyanasiyana mu nthawi ya rooting mothandizidwa ndi Fitosporin. Izi ndizofunika makamaka kwa zomera zomwe zizindikiro za matenda zidawonetsedwa.

Kukonzekera kufulumizitsa njira yomanga mizu

Mizu ya orchid inakhazikitsidwa mofulumira, mungagwiritse ntchito zipangizo monga:

  1. Succinic asidi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yothetsera. Pulogalamu imodzi yokwanira 1 l ya madzi. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupopera mbewu, kupukuta masamba kapena kuthirira osapitirira 1 nthawi mu masiku 30.
  2. Vermiculite Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mmalo mwa moss kapena makungwa. Mosiyana ndi zigawo izi, vermiculite ili ndi zinthu zambiri zothandiza. Mankhwalawa "Kornevin". Zabwino zimalimbikitsa njira yowonjezera mizu. Chomeracho chimayikidwa mu njira yothetsera "Kornevina" kwa mphindi 15-20 musanayambe kuwombera. Nthaŵi zina heteroauxin amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwake, shuga, uchi kapena madzi a alosi amasungunuka m'madzi.
  3. Mankhwalawa "Fitosporin". Amathandizira kubwezeretsa orchid mutatha kupezeka kwa matenda alionse a fungal. Muyeso wa kukonzekera kotero, chomeracho chimaviikidwa kwa mphindi 20, ndipo pambuyo pake chibzalidwa kapena kupitilira rooting.
  4. Gulukosi. Njira yothetsera shuga, yambani masamba ndikuyika mbewu yokha pa khosi lolimba. Njira yothetsera vutoli imatha kupangidwa ndi kusakaniza 1 buloule ndi madzi okwanira 1 litre.
  5. "Appin" kapena "Zircon". Awa ndi biostimulants of kukula omwe angathandize kupulumuka orchid panthawi yovuta.

Mukudziwa? Mu 2000, malonda ochokera ku mayendedwe a orchids ku United States anafikira $ 100,000,000. Pafupifupi 75% mwa malonda onse anapanga phalaenopsis.

Simungathe kuyika maluwa mwa njirazi kuti madzi athe kufika pamunsi pakati pa masamba.

Zolakwitsa zazikulu pamene akumanga mizu

Chifukwa chosoŵa zambiri, kuyamba olima maluwa nthawi zambiri amachita zolakwika zotsatirazi:

  1. Kudula sikusinthidwa, ndipo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tikhoza kulowa mkati mwawo.
  2. Kodi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zigawo za zomera ndi zobiriwira zobiriwira kapena zotanthauzira zakumwa mowa, zomwe zimayambitsa kuyanika.
  3. Musapereke kuwala, ndipo duwa likhoza kulowa mu hibernation mode.
  4. Kutentha kwa chilimwe amaiwala kuteteza maluwa ku dzuwa, lomwe limayambitsa kutentha.
  5. Madzi omwe amachititsa kuoneka kwa mizu zowola.
  6. Tengani kuchotsedwa kwa masamba owuma. Zoterezi zingachititse imfa ya orchid, chifukwa cha iwo zomera zimatenga chakudya chake kuti chikhale chitukuko.
Mukudziwa? Orchid imachokera ku liwu lakale lachi Greek lotanthauza "dzira". Kotero duwa lidayitanidwa chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a tubers.
Pambuyo pozindikira zizindikiro za mavuto ndi mizu, muyenera kufufuza mosamala chomeracho kuti mukhalepo ndi tizirombo ndikuwonanso kukula ndi kukonza. Ndiye muyenera kupitiliza kubwezeretsa kwa mbeuyo pomanga mizu yatsopano.

Nkhani Yosangalatsa