Maluwa okongola, maonekedwe okongola, maonekedwe okongola - mabala a balsam akhala akulandiridwa kwa nthawi yaitali ndi anthu okhala pawindo, loggias ndi ziwembu. Chomera chokongola chimasowa kusamalidwa mosavuta, komwe chimayankha kuphulika kwa masamba atsopano komanso kuwala kwa masamba. Koma ngakhale chomera chodzichepetsachi chikhoza kupweteka kapena kuchitidwa ndi majeremusi.
Tizilombo toyambitsa tizilombo timalowetsa chitukuko ndi kukula kwa chomera chokongola. Ndi za tizirombo zomwe zingasokoneze bowa-basamu zomwe zidzakambidwe m'nkhani yathu. Mmene mungagwirire ndi tizilombo zosokoneza komanso njira zothandizira kuteteza maonekedwe awo.
Kuonekera kwa m'nyumba za zomera ku matenda osiyanasiyana
Chifukwa chachikulu cha kufooka kwa chiweto chobiriwira, kupweteka kwake ndi kudumpha ndi zinthu zosayenera kapena kusasamala. Balsamu yofooketsa imakhala ndi matenda ambiri, ndipo imakhalanso nyama yosavuta ya tizilombo tosiyanasiyana.
Dzina lachiwiri la chomera ndi Roly Wet. Izi ndi chifukwa cha chikhalidwe chokonda chinyezi. Masamba ake ndi zimayambira ndi 50% madzi. Balsamu imakonda dothi lonyowa ndi mpweya. Ndipo izi ndizobwino kwa maonekedwe a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Chipinda cham'mimba chimakhudzidwa makamaka ndi matenda otsatirawa.
- Downy mildew. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (tizilombo toyambitsa matenda). Masambawa ali ndi maluwa oyera, pakapita nthawi, tsamba lamasamba limakhala lakuda ndi kugwa (funsani chifukwa chake masamba akugwa ndi kupulumutsa maluwawo, mudzaphunzira pano). Mankhwalawa amatha kuchiritsidwa (Vitaros, Baktofit).
- Grey kuvunda. Chifukwa mabakiteriya kuchokera ku nthaka kapena madzi. Zizindikiro zofiira patina ndi malo otupa. Mankhwalawa ndi oyenera kupopera mankhwala adyo kulowetsedwa kapena Readzole.
- Bacteriosis Mawanga amadzi amaonekera pa masamba, kenako amakhudza chitsamba chonse. Kuletsa matenda - kuchotsedwa kwa mbali ndi mankhwala ndi Bordeaux osakaniza.
Nanga chifukwa chiyani bhalaamu imatha kugwa ndi maluwa, ndi njira ziti zothetsera vutoli, kuwerenga nkhani yathu.
Zoopsa zazikulu: chithunzi, matenda ndi njira zomwe angagwirizane nazo
Pa chipinda chobiriwira zokometsera kawirikawiri zimapeza zomera - tizilombo tochepa timadya madzi. Nsomba zofiirira, nyemba ndi nsabwe za m'masamba ndizoopsa kwa basamu. Nthawi zambiri, maatodes ndi sciarides amawonekera kuthengo.
Sungani
Zizindikiro za matenda a kangaude amatha kuzindikira.kuyang'ana kuzungulira kumbuyo kwa pepala kapena internode. Makhalidwe:
- filimu yoyera yoyera pepala;
- madontho ang'onoang'ono pa pepala la pepala;
- mdima umataya kuwala kwawo;
- maluwa imataya kwambiri, yaying'ono, masamba amatha.
Zomwe zimayambitsa nkhupakupa ndi kutentha ndi mpweya wouma m'chipinda. Nkhondoyo ili ndi zochitika zosiyana.
- Zing'onozing'ono zowonongeka.
- Kupanga njira yothetsera sopo. Sungunulani m'madzi kapena phula sopo, thovu. Gwiritsani ntchito thovu pa balsamu kwa mphindi 5-7, ndiye tsatsani.
- Kusakaniza mankhwala. Zimayenera Vermitek ndi Fitoverm. Mlingo umasonyezedwa mu malangizo.
Aphid
Zizindikiro za matenda pa mbeu ndi zovuta kuziganizira. Koma pamakoma a mphika padzakhala malingaliro osiyana a chisa cha tizilombo toyambitsa chida choyera. Pezani nsabwe za m'masamba pa basamu zikhoza kukhala pamene mukuyang'ana muzu kapena panthawi yopatsa.
Vuto la tizilombo ndiloti limayamwa chimanga cha masamba. Chifukwa chaichi, maonekedwe awo amapezeka, kukula kumasiya. Mchitidwe wa photosynthesis umasokonezeka kapena kuimitsidwa, monga chifukwa - basamu samapanga ndi kufa. Mmene mungagwirire ndi nsabwe za m'masamba:
| Chigawo chachikulu cha zochita |
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| Folk maphikidwe opopera mbewu mankhwalawa | Zosakaniza:
Kutenga zigawozo muyeso yofanana (pa 1 st.l). Thirani madzi otentha, tsitsirani maola 12. Gwiritsani ntchito kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa. Dothi loletsa kubwezeretsa kachilombo kofedwa ndi phulusa, fumbi fodya. |
| Mankhwala | Mankhwala oyenera:
Mlingo ndi ntchito zimadalira kukula kwa basamu (onani malangizo). Musanayambe mankhwala ndi mankhwala, nthaka iyenera kujambula ndi kanema. |
Nsabwe za m'masamba zimabereka mu nthaka youma. Chifukwa cha maonekedwewo ndi kuthirira mosalekeza.
Ntchentche yoyera
Tizilombo timene timafanana ndi kamulu kakang'ono koyera. Matendawa amaika mazira kumbuyo kwa tsamba, mphutsi zowonongeka zimachoka kwa iwo, zomwe zimadya udzu wonse wa basamu. Pakapita nthawi, khungu la mphutsi limauma, izi zimapangitsa kuti zisamayende bwino. Pofuna kuthetsa anthu, kubwezeretsedwa kumafunika ndi nthawi ya masiku 5-6.
Chenjerani! Whitefly imatulutsa madzi otentha otsekemera omwe ali ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Zizindikiro za chiwonongeko - masamba amalephera kutsekemera, mawanga achikasu amaoneka pa iwo, amauma ndi kugwa mofulumira (mukhoza kudziwa chifukwa chake masambawo amatembenukira chikasu mu bhalaamu ndi momwe angayambitsirenso chomera). Zomwe zimachititsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi ofunda, ofunda komanso ofunda.
Mmene mungagonjetse tizilombo:
- Mankhwala. Mazira a Whitefly akhoza kutsukidwa ndi madzi. Muyenera kuthandizira mbali zonse ziwiri za pepalalo.
- Kutulutsa ziwalo zakumwa.
- Kudziteteza tizilombo tizilombo: Malathion, Actellic, Tanrek. Izi ndizokonzekera zokhazokha zomwe zingathe kukonzedwa mlengalenga (pa khonde, pamsewu).
- Njira ina kwa mankhwala ndi adyo tincture. 1-2 zidutswa kuti apange mapangidwe a gruel, kutsanulira madzi otentha, kusiya maola 2-3. Kutaya chitsamba kawiri pa tsiku
Kupuma
Vutoli liri pazifukwa ziwiri: kufooka kwa chitsamba ndi matenda omwe amatha kukhala ndi mavairasi. Mukhoza kuzindikira vuto mwa kuzindikira za kusintha kwa masamba aang'ono pachimake ndi kusintha pa kukula kwake. Mphepete mwa masamba owuma, pakati pa kayendedwe kooneka ka tizilombo tochepa.
- Tanrek. 1 ml pa 5 malita a madzi kapena 2 ml pa 10 malita a madzi.
- Actellic. Gwiritsani ntchito matenda aakulu. 1 buloule ya mankhwala mu madzi okwanira 1 litre.
Bwerezani kupopera mbewu pambuyo pa masiku 5-6.
Ming'oma ndi bowa
Podroe - zouma zoumba. Iwo samakhala ovulaza, amakhala m'nthaka, amadyetsa zinthu zakuthupi. Mankhwalawa ndi owopsa kwa mbande ndi cuttings: kutaya mizu. Mutha kuwawona pamene akumwa, pamene aliyense ayamba kulumpha.
Ming'oma ya Sciarides kapena bowa ndi yaing'ono yamdima. Kuopsa kwa zomera. Mphutsi imakhala yoyera, mutu wawo wakuda. Komanso kuwononga mizu ya zomera zofooka kapena zazing'ono.
Chifukwa chomwe tizilombo timayambira ndizofala - madzi okwanira kwambiri. Mukhoza kuchepetsa anthu powumitsa pansi mu mphika. Kuwonongedwa kwathunthu mu nthaka yomwe mumayenera kusakaniza mankhwala a Thunder 2.
Njira zothandizira
Mbali yaikulu ya kupewa ndi chisamaliro choyenera. Kwa mlangizi wamaluwa, ndibwino kuti mudziwe bwino ndi malingaliro omwe aperekedwa, omwe angathandize kusamalira ndi kuwerengetsa.
- Balsamu imafuna chinyezi. Ndikofunika kuthirira chitsamba nthawi zonse komanso mobwerezabwereza. Pofuna kubisa nthaka mumphika muyenera kupanga madzi abwino. Mukhoza kutenga miyala, miyala, vermiculite ndi zigawo zina zomwe mungasankhe.
- Pamene kupopera madzi sikuyenera kuyendayenda pa masamba obiriwira, mitundu.
- Pangani zakudyazo bwino. Manyowa ayenera kukhala ndi phosphorus ndi nayitrogeni.
- Chomeracho chiyenera kupeza dzuwa lokwanira.
- M'nyengo yozizira, konzekerani mphika ndi basamu m'malo ozizira (madigiri 15-17), kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha madzi.
- Pakatikatikatikati, khalani ndi mphukira zazing'ono zomwe sizingakulire komanso osapatsa maluwa (chifukwa chake mafuta a basamu samasamba, komanso mfundo zokhuza kusamalira ndi kulima, werengani pano).
Mafuta a basamu - malo otchuka a nyumba ndi mitundu yowala komanso masamba obiriwira. Icho chiri ndi chikondi chachikulu cha chinyezi. Zikakhala choncho, matenda opweteka angayambe. Kusamalira molakwika kumafooketsa shrub, ndipo imakhala cholinga cha tizirombo. Nkhumba, thrips, whitefly, aphid ikhoza kusokoneza balsamu. Mukhoza kuwachotsa mothandizidwa ndi acaricides (nkhupakupa) ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
