Makhalidwe ndi malamulo a kuswana balsamu cuttings kunyumba

Balsamu - chomera chomwe chimakonda kwambiri pakati pa mafani a m'nyumba ya floriculture, komanso pakati pa nyengo ya chilimwe, chifukwa ndi wodzichepetsa komanso wosangalatsa ndi maluwa ake kwa nthawi yaitali. Sichifuna luso lina lapadera ndi njira yoberekera maluwa awa: Zokwanira kuchotsa nthambi ya zosiyanasiyana zomwe mumakonda ndikuzizitsa. Ndiye momwe mungachulukire balsamu mwanjira iyi? Mukafuna kuchitidwa, kodi ndi ntchito yanji yokonzekera, yomwe ingasinthidwe ndi kuyambitsa kudula pansi ndi m'madzi, nanga ndi chisamaliro chotani chofunika? Ndipo potsiriza, ndi chiyani chomwe chingawopsyeze kowonjezera kokha? Yankho liri mu nkhaniyi.

Zomwe zimapindulitsa, zowonjezera komanso zoyipa za njirayi

Kudula - njira yobzala mbeu, mwachitsanzo, kubereka kwake ndi magawo osiyana - cuttings. Njira yoberekera ili ndi ubwino wambiri:

• Timadontho timene timapangitsa kuti tithe kusunga mitundu yonse ya maluwa, zomwe sizingatheke pamene zimafalitsidwa ndi mbewu.
• Sayansi ya kufalitsa kwa cuttings ndi yophweka: ngakhale wolima wamba akhoza kuthana nayo.
• Zotsatira za kukalumikiza zikhoza kuwonedwa posachedwa. Ngati kudula basamu kumayambiriro kwa masika (March), m'chilimwe chomera chokhacho chidzakhala chokonzekera maluwa.
• Njira yoperekerayi ndi yothandiza: kokha muzosachepera cuttings mzuwo sukula. Chifukwa chachikulu cha zochitika zoterezi ndizosavomerezeka kuti zisawonongeke kapena zosagwirizana ndi zofunikira zonsezi.

Koma si mitundu yonse ndi mitundu ya basamu imatha kusamalidwa: njira yoberekera ili yabwino kwa mitundu yosatha ya maluwa (mwachitsanzo, wosakanizidwa watsopano wa Guinea kapena Walls), koma chaka chonse chimabereka ndi mbewu (momwe mungamerekere balsamu yamaluwa kuchokera ku mbewu yanu, mungapeze apa) .

Kodi mungapeze bwanji kunyumba?

Nthawi

Kudula nthawi zambiri kumachitika m'chaka. Nthawi ino ya chaka chimapangitsa kuti msangamsanga zonse zowonongeka zimapezeka mmunda. Ndikumayambiriro kwa maselo a zomera amayamba kugawa, kupanga zatsopano, choncho mizu imawoneka mosavuta mu cuttings. Inde, ndipo nyengo ya nyengo yozizira imangokonda kwambiri rooting, kukula ndi chitukuko cha balsamu yatsopano.

Thandizo! Mukhoza kuzula ndi cuttings, kudula m'chilimwe ndi autumn. Mitengo yotereyi imayenderana ndi mitundu ya basamu yomwe yatuluka m'chilimwe; Mwa njirayi adzapitiriza nyengo yozizira.

Ntchito yokonzekera

• Cuttings. Chomera chopatsa thanzi chimasankhidwa, chomwe chimadula nsonga za nthambi zing'onozing'ono ndi masentimita awiri mpaka 3 masentimita 8-10. Mphukirayo iyenera kukhala wopanda maluwa, ndipo ngati ikadalipo, iyenera kuchotsedwa. Masamba, omwe ali pamunsi pa kudula, amachotsedwa, pamtunda ayenera kusiya. Musanayambe kugwira ntchito yoweta mizu, mukhoza kumaliza nsonga za mapesi mu njira ya phytoharmon.

  Kuti muzuke mwamphamvu, chomera cha amayi, chimene chidzadulidwa, chikuperekedwa mlungu umodzi musanayambe ndondomeko yopatsa feteleza zovuta.

• Nthaka. Mchenga wothira kapena chisakanizo cha peat, vermiculite ndi perlite mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 1: 2 chidzakhala choyenera kubwetsera kudula mu nthaka. Peat amadyetsa mphukira, ndipo perlite ndi vermiculite zidzapatsa nthaka looseness, mpweya wabwino, kupewa kutenthedwa ndi kuyamwa kwambiri kwa mizu yomwe ikukula.

  Ngati mphukira ya mizu yayimidwa pamalo osatha, dothi lapadera logulidwa ku sitolo kapena kusakaniza kosakanizidwa ndi manja anu muyenera kuthandizidwa (nthaka ya mchenga ndi mchenga zimasakanikirana, tsamba la nthaka, peat ndi mchenga zimasakanizidwa mu chiwerengero cha 2: 1: 1 ). Mkhalidwe waukulu: dothi liyenera kukhala lopatsa thanzi komanso losawilitsidwa.

• Poto. Pakuti rooting cuttings pansi, mungagwiritse ntchito makapu apulasitiki, koma musaiwale kupanga mabowowa. Pulasitiki yopanda chithandizo idzakupatsani mpata wowona momwe zinthu zikuyendera mmera wa basamu. Mphika umene umadulidwa udzasinthidwa pambuyo poti rooting ingapangidwe ndi pulasitiki, keramiki, ndi dongo.

  Chikhalidwe chachikulu cha chidebe ndicho kukhalapo kovomerezeka kwa mabowo pansi pa mphika ndi voliyumu yaing'ono. Mafuta a basamu amamasula kwambiri pamene mphika uli pang'onopang'ono. Ngati mphamvuyi ili ndi mphamvu yambiri, ndiye kuti mphamvu zonse za zomerazo zidzakulitsa mizu ndi masamba, ndipo mukhoza kuiwala za maluwa. Zosankha: Mitengo yambiri yokhala ndi mizu yachitsulo ingabzalidwe panthawi yomweyo muzitsulo chachikulu, ndiye chitsamba cha basamu chidzakhala chobiriwira.

Tikufika

1. Konzani zonse zomwe mukufunikira kuti mubzale basamu:
   • mizu yodula mizu;
   • mphika;
   • gawo lapansi;
   • ngalande;
   • scapula.
2. Pansi pa mphika wa 2 - 3 masentimita ndidzaza ndi ngalande, malo onsewo adzazidwa ndi gawo lapansi.
3. Mu gawo lapansi ndi dzanja kuti mupange kupsinjika kwakukulu, komwe kuli kofanana ndi kukula kwa miyendo yachinyamata ya kudula.
4. Lembetsani mmera mmbuyo, pang'onopang'ono muwongole mizu. Ngati kudula kwadzulidwa m'nthaka, ndiye kuti iyenera kuikidwa pamtunda. Chotsani mphukira ku mphika wakale ndipo, popanda kuwononga chipinda chadothi, chiyike mu mphika watsopano.
5. Kuti muzitha kupulumuka mizu ndi chosowa ndi gawo, pang'anani pang'ono ndi manja kuti mukonze pansi.

Kuthira mizu

Balsamu ikhoza kukhazikika m'madzi ndi mu gawo lapansi.

Madzi

Dulani cuttings amamizidwa m'madzi firiji, imatsanulira mu chidebe chopangidwa ndi galasi lakuda kapena pulasitiki. Chenjerani ziyenera kulipidwa pa mfundo yakuti palibe chifukwa chilichonse m'munsi mwa masamba odulidwa omwe akugwera m'madzi., chifukwa zingayambitse kuwonongeka.

Kuwonjezera apo, madzi sayenera kudzaza tanki kwathunthu: payenera kukhala malo oti mpweya ukhalemo, yomwe pamodzi ndi madzi idzathandizira kupanga mapangidwe a mizu. Chombo chotchedwa petiole chimayikidwa pamalo otentha ndi ofunda (osachepera kuposa 17C). Kuwombera m'madzi kumachitika masiku 7 mpaka 14.

Tikukupemphani kuti muwonere vidiyo yokhudza rooting ya cuttings m'madzi:

Mu gawo lapansi

1. Chophika chaching'ono chimadzaza ndi ngalande, kenako ndi mchenga wouma kapena osakaniza peat, vermiculite ndi perlite.
2. Pothandizidwa ndi pensulo, pang "ono (1.5 - 2 cm), kumene kudula kumadulidwa ndikusinthidwa ndi" Kornyovin ".
3. Dothi lozungulira kudula ndilophwanyika pang'ono.
4. Mphika umayikidwa kutentha (osati m'munsi kuposa + 17C) ndi malo owala. Mzu wa nthaka umapangidwa patatha masabata 1 mpaka atatu.

Choncho, onetsetsani kuti muyike chidebecho ndi chogwirira ntchito mu mini-wowonjezera kutentha. Monga wowonjezera kutentha, mungagwiritse ntchito thumba la pulasitiki, chikwama cha pulasitiki chophimba, kapena botolo la pulasitiki. Pakubwera kwa mizu yoyamba kutentha kungachotsedwe. Koma nkofunikanso kukumbukira kuti wowonjezera kutentha ayenera kutsegulidwa tsiku ndi tsiku kuti mpweya wabwino ukhale wotsika, mwinamwake kuthawa kungangowola.

Tsatirani

Pambuyo pa kudula mizu kudakonzedwa mu mphika, imayenera kuthiriridwa ndi madzi ofunda pang'ono ndi kuwonjezera potaziyamu permanganate. Chisamaliro chiyenera kutengedwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti nthaka ya phala la basamu imakhala yonyowa nthawi zonse.. Koma kuchepa kwa chinyontho sikungaloledwe ku mizu kuti isavunda.

Kuti mupeze bwino mpweya ku mizu, m'pofunika kuti musaiwale nthawi zina kumasula pamwamba pa gawo lapansi kuti mufike masentimita 1. Mphamvu ndi zomera ziyenera kuikidwa pazenera zenera zomwe zimayang'ana kummawa kapena kum'maŵa. Balsamine amasankha penumbra, ndi zofunika kuti masamba ake asagwedezeke dzuwa.

Madontho otentha masana ndi usiku akhoza kuwononga chomeracho, ndikofunikira kuti thermometer isagwe pansipa + 16C. Mmera ukasintha mumphika ndikuyamba kukula, muyenera kudyetsa kamodzi pa masiku khumi ndi awiri: mutha kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wapadera kuchokera ku sitolo, kapena mungathe kusinthanitsa ndi nayitrogeni ndi feteleza phosphate.

Kodi ndi chikhalidwe chotani cha chilengedwe chomwe chimaonedwa kuti n'choyenera kwa basamu, komanso malamulo okhudza duwa, kuwerenga nkhani zathu.

Ngati chinachake chalakwika

• Kugonjetsa mbande zazing'ono ndi matenda (mwachitsanzo, nkhungu yakuda) (za zomwe ziri ndi matenda a basamu, mankhwala awo ndi kupewa, tinauza apa). Ndi matenda omwe amachititsa imfa ya mbeu ya basamu. Ndipo spores za matendawa amatha kukhala m'nthaka, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kubzala kakadula kakang'ono. Choncho, m'pofunika kugwiritsira ntchito gawo logulitsidwa kapena kuthandizira chisakanizo chokonzedwa ndi dzanja ndi fungicides kapena thermally.
• Kutembenuza cuttings. Izi ndizotheka ngati timakumbukira mwatsatanetsatane za mpweya wabwino tsiku ndi tsiku wa "malo obiriwira" omwe mumerawu umagwira ntchito.
• Phesi m'madzi imatha. N'zotheka kuti kagawo kake. Ndikokwanira kupeza petiole kunja kwa madzi ndikusintha mdulidwe. Ndiponso onetsetsani kuti kuthawa sikudapangire dzuwa. Kudula ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yoberekera balsamu, zomwe sizikufuna luso lapadera komanso nthawi yowonjezera. Mwa njira iyi, mutha kuwonjezera moyo wa zosiyanasiyana zomwe mumakonda, komanso kuonetsetsa kuti maluwa amenewa akuyenda maluwa chaka chonse.