Kupangira nyumba kochititsa chidwi kotchedwa begonia Kudula - kufotokozera, mbali za chisamaliro ndi kubereka

Begonia Diadem ndi chomera chosatha chomwe chikuwoneka ngati shrub yokongola ndi masamba osangalatsa, omwe mtunduwu uli ndi dzina lake, chifukwa kukongola kwake kudzakongoletsa chipinda chamkati kapena munda wam'mbuyo.

M'nkhani ino mudzaphunzira za zosiyana za mitundu yosiyanasiyana kuchokera ku mitundu ina ya begonias. Pano pano mudzapeza ndondomeko ya botanical ya zomera ndi mbiri yake.

Kodi mungabzala bwanji duwa? Kodi mungamusamalire bwanji? Ndi matenda ati omwe angapweteke maluwa awa ndi momwe angawachotsere? Mafunso awa ndi ena omwe mukufuna kuti muyankhe nkhaniyi ndi odzipereka ku begonia.

Malongosoledwe a botaniki ndi mbiriyakale

Begonia Diadem ndi shrub yosatha, yomwe imatha kukula kuchokera pa 60 cm kufika mamita kutalika (kwa mitundu ina ya cluster begonias ndi zizindikiro za kulima kwawo zitha kupezeka m'nkhani yapadera). Mbewu imeneyi inayamba kudziwika ndi botanist wochokera ku France, Charles Plumier, yemwe anatcha Begonia kulemekeza Michel Begone, yemwe anayambitsa kufufuza. Amachokera ku mvula yam'mvula ya South ndi Central America. Mavuto okongola - m'nkhalango zamapiri ndi mapiri, osachepera mamita 3000 pamwamba pa nyanja.

Zizindikiro za maonekedwe

Pazitali zazitali kwambiri zimakhala ndi masamba osakanikirana ndi mapiri, ndipo amatha pafupifupi masentimita 15 m'litali ndi masentimita 10 m'lifupi. Mtundu waukulu ndi wobiriwira, wokhala ndi azitona, yomwe imakhala yosiyana, yomwe ili pamtunda. Nthawi zina masamba amakhala ndi mafunde ofiira. Kunja kumbali, masamba ndi ofiirira (kufotokozera mitundu ya begonias ndi masamba ofiira ofiira amapezeka pano).

Begonia Diadem imatulutsa maluwa okongola a pinkipafupifupi woyera. Kuti apange bwino chitsamba, chiyenera nthawi zonse kusinthasintha.

Malamulo Otsatira ndi Malangizo

• Ku chipinda cha begonias, mphika wosaya bwino ndi wabwino kwambiri kuposa masentimita 3-4 kuposa mtengo wa zomera.
• Kubzala (kuphatikizapo kubzala) kumapangidwa bwino kumapeto kwa nyengo, asanafike kukula kwakukulu.
• Mwamsanga mutatha kuziika chomera chingakhale madzi.
• Chomeracho chimafunika kuika chaka ndi chaka ndikusungira mizu yonse.
• Begonia ikhoza kubzalidwa pamalo otseguka. Koma ndi bwino kukumbukira kuti Begonia Diadem ndi chomera cha rhizome, nthawi ya kuzizira imayenera kuikidwa mu mphika ndikukhala m'nyumba.
• Ndi bwino kudzala Begonia kumapeto kwa May kuti tipeze kukanika kozizira.
• Ndibwino kuti mudzaze dzenje lodzala ndi nthaka yokonzedwa bwino.
• Ngati mwangozizira kapena mvula mutabzala, m'pofunika kuphimba Begonia ndi polyethylene kapena lutrasil kuti mutetezedwe.
• Masabata angapo oyamba mbewuyo ikhoza kubzalidwa ndi feteleza kupereka Begonias mwamsanga kupeza mphamvu.
• Mu kutentha kwakukulu, chomeracho chikhoza kusiya kukula. Pachifukwa ichi, ndibwino kuti pokhapokha kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa kuthirira ndi kuyang'anira dothi.
• Kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa October, Begonia ikhoza kufukula, koma musanayambe kudula zimayambira, pokhapokha mutenge gawo limodzi (pafupifupi 3 cm).

Kuunikira ndi malo

Kwa Begonias Tiaras kutsogolo kwa dzuwa kumapweteka, kuwala kopambana kumagawanika kapena mthunzi wache. Begonia ya malo iyenera kuikidwa pawindo ndi galasi lakuda, kapena pamalo omwe dzuwa silifika.

Zosowa za nthaka

Choyamba, gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a mphika ali ndi madzi okwanira (mawanga kapena dothi lowonjezera), ndiyeno masentimita 2-3 masentimita kuti asamavunduke mizu. Kusakaniza kwa nthaka kungagulidwe kale, koma mukhoza kudzipanga nokha. Izi zidzafuna:

• tsamba lapansi (magawo awiri);
• mchenga wa mtsinje;
• chophimba;
• humus (akhoza kusinthidwa ndi malo a coniferous ndi sod).

Nthaka iyenera kukhala yodetsedwa pang'ono (pH: 5.0 mpaka 7.5).

Musanagwiritse ntchito nthaka kusakaniza ayenera kuthiridwa. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kuyika kusakaniza mu madzi osamba ndipo, mutatha kutentha, khalani otentha kwa maola 1.5.

Chisamaliro choyenera

1. Thupi labwino ndilofunika kwa Chikhomo. Mu nyengo youma, chomeracho chikupopedwa, mukhoza kuika mphika mu poto ndi miyala yamchere.
2. Onetsetsani kuti nthawi zonse pitirizani kutentha.
3. Ndikofunikira kuti muzitha kudulira nthawi zonse kuti muthe kukonzanso chomera ndikuchikongoletsa. Dothi lakuda ndi lakale liyenera kuchotsedwa chifukwa chogawanika ndi zakudya zowonjezera pakati pa korona ndi rhizome.
4. Pambuyo pa kudulira, chiwerengero cha madzi akuyenera kuchepetsedwa asanatulukidwe mphukira zatsopano.

   Machiritso a kudulidwa amathandizira kukonza ndi makala osweka.

5. Manyowa Begonia akhoza kuyamba masika. Mpaka pakati pa mwezi wa July, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a nitrojeni (ammonium nitrate, urea). Manyowa a potaziyamu-phosphate (superphosphate kapena phosphate phosphate) ndi abwino kwa theka lachiwiri la chilimwe.

Matenda ndi tizirombo

Matenda ambiri ndiwo zowola mizu.. Zikatero, zimalimbikitsidwa kuti ziume bwino nthaka ndipo sizilola madzi. Komanso umboni wambiri wa chinyezi m'nthaka udzakhala ngati masamba obiriwira.

Ngati zowola zimapezeka pamapazi ndipo zimayambira, ndiye kuti kupopera mbewu mobwerezabwereza kumachitika.

Ngati palibe maluwa, ndipo masamba atsopano ndi ofooka, izi zikutanthauza kuti nthaka ilibe zakudya zokwanira. Begonia ayenera kuikidwa ndi kudyetsedwa kawiri pamwezi.

Mawanga akuda pazowamba Masamba a Begonia amatanthauza bakiteriya. Kupopera mbewu ndi fungicide kudzakuthandizani. Njira yotereyi ikhoza kuchitidwa ngakhale Begonias wathanzi, monga kupewa.

Zina mwa tizirombo tambiri mwa Begonia ndi izi:

1. Whitefly Hothouse. Amadyetsa masamba otayira, kenako amayamba kutuluka ndi kutuluka. Chida chabwino kwambiri ndi sopo yothetsera (40g sopo pa 10 malita a madzi), koma chisamaliro chiyenera kutengedwa kuti chisafike ku mizu.
2. Gallic nematode. Pamene nematode pa chomera idzayamba kuoneka ngati chimfine ndi kukula. Ndikofunika kuchotsa malo omwe akukhudzidwa, ndi kuthira mizu ndi pang'ono 0.05-0.2% Heterophos yankho.
3. Mtsuko wamagazi wofiira kutsanzira ukonde wabwino pa Begonia. Zikuwoneka ngati chomeracho chimathirizidwa mochuluka ndikusungidwa pamalo otentha kwambiri. Chomera chothandizira chingathandize kupulumutsa kupopera kwa mankhwala a Detis.
4. Zowonjezera kutentha - Ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe timabzala bwino kwambiri. Begonia masamba otsala ndipo zomera zimasiya kukula. Mukhoza kumenyana ndi sopo yankho.

Kuswana

Begonia Diadem nthawi zambiri imafalikira ndi kudula tsinde. Koma, kuphatikizapo, Begonia ikhoza kuchulukana pogawanitsa chitsamba, mbewu, masamba, ngakhale mbali ya mapepala.

1. Tsinde la tsinde kapena tsamba liyenera kukhazikika mu gawo (mchenga ndi peat amagwiritsidwa ntchito, kapena sphagnum moss).
2. Kuti mufulumize kukula, mungathe kukonza nsonga yothetsera madzi, uchi ndi madzi a aloe atsopano.

Begonia Diadem chomera chosasunthika. Ndichisamaliro choyenera, chitsamba chokongola chidzakondweretsa diso ndi masamba ake osadziwika kwa zaka zambiri.