Kukongola mu mphika kapena gerbera Jamson ngati chomera chamkati: zida zoberekera ndi kusamalira maluwa

Gerber Jamson ndi osatha, ndi a banja la Aster. Florists amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito maluwa okongola kuti apange zolemba zosiyanasiyana, choncho zimabzalidwa m'mabwinja ambiri ndi greenhouses. Kumusamalira ndi kosavuta, ngakhale woyang'anira munda angayese kukula maluwa yekha. Taganizirani zochitika za Jamesa gerbera, komanso zokhudzana ndi kubzala ndi kubereka kwake, timaganizira kwambiri za matenda wamba ndi tizirombo. Kukula mbewu ya Jamesa kubzala kunyumba kudzafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane.

Malongosoledwe a botaniki ndi mbiriyakale

Gerbera Jameson (Gerbera jamesonii) ndi therere losatha, lalifupi ndi lophatikizana.

Kufotokozera kwa mawonekedwe: Kutsekula ndi kuchepetsedwa tsinde, mizu yotukuka bwino, osasiya masamba ogawanika (4-15 masentimita), m'munsi mwa zomwe axillary masamba amaimira; makasitomala apansi pedoncles (25-30 cm), inflorescence - ngati chamomile, dengu kumapeto kwa peduncle (mamita pafupifupi masentimita 10). Maluwa a Chamomile ali ndi mithunzi yosiyana, yoyera ndi yofiira.

Phunzirani zambiri za mitundu ya gerbera yomwe ilipo lero.

Chithunzi

Ndiye mukhoza kuona zithunzi za chomera:

Malamulo, malangizo ndi malangizo pa malo ndi momwe mungabzala.

1. Malo: kutentha, kowala komanso mpweya wokwanira. Mawindo akum'mawa ndi kumadzulo adzachita; kum'mwera - ndi shading. Kutentha kwakukulu mu chilimwe ndi 22º-24º, m'nyengo yozizira - 12º-14º.
2. Kuunikira: Chitsamba chachikondi cha Gerbera. M'chilimwe, chomeracho chiyenera kusungidwa panja pa khonde. Malo a gerbera ayenera kutetezedwa ku dzuwa. Gerbera imatha kutentha kwa dzuwa, pang'onopang'ono imayamba kuonjezera nthawi ya maluwa pansi pa kuunikira kwatsopano. M'dzinja ndi m'nyengo yozizira, pamakhala kuwala kwa dzuwa, kukonza kuwala kwina ndi magetsi a fulorosenti.

Malangizo. Pa nthawi ya maluwa sayenera kukhala kutentha masana ayenera kukhala ofanana. Madontho akulu ali ndi zotsatira zoipa pa chomera ndipo zimakhudza kukongola kwa inflorescences.

Chidutswa cha chomera: maluwa imadalira kutalika kwa masana. Chimake chimasamba kuyambira August mpaka September.

Maluwa othamangitsidwa ayenera kuchotsedwa! Maluwa a Gerbera amatha, osati kudula. Pambuyo kudula, zotsalira za peduncle nthawi zambiri zimavunda ndikupangitsa kuti zomera zonse zivunda.

Zosowa za nthaka

Dothi losakaniza limakonzedwa kuchokera ku tsamba, peat ndi mchenga (2: 1: 1). Kompositi kapena mwatsopano humus si abwino. Gwiritsani ntchito miphika yaikulu ndi madzi abwino. Makungwa a pini kapena dothi lokongola kwambiri akhoza kuwonjezeredwa ku nthaka kusanganikirana.

Kodi mungasamalire bwanji?

Kuthirira

M'chilimwe - moyenera, m'nyengo yozizira - zochepa. Kwa kuthirira mugwiritsire ntchito madzi ofunda. Ndi bwino kuthirira m'mphepete mwa mphika. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yonyowa. Pa masiku otentha, kuonjezera mvula ya mlengalenga, mphika wokhala ndi gerbera ukhoza kuikidwa pa thireyi ndi miyala yowonongeka. Gerbera amasankha chinyezi chachikulu. Madzi sayenera kuloledwa kulowa masamba ndi zimayambira, kupopera mbewu pambali pazomerayo kumaloledwa.

Madzi sayenera kugwa pa masamba ndi zimayambira!

Feteleza

M'chaka ndi chilimwe, fetereza yamchere imagwiritsidwa ntchito mwezi uliwonse. Magnesium sulphate amagwiritsidwa ntchito monga zakudya zina, komanso phosphate feteleza amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamtunda wotsika. Kumapeto kwa chakudya cha chilimwe kumaliza.

Matenda wamba ndi tizirombo

• Kutha:
  1. aphid;
  2. scythes;
  3. mealybug
  4. chongani;
  5. whitefly.

  Pofuna kuteteza maluwa, m'pofunikira kuti nthawi zonse muziwaza ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo komanso kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

• Matenda a fungal (chifukwa: kutaya mpweya wabwino ndi kutentha kwa mpweya; kutentha kwa mpweya).
• Kokani (chifukwa: madzilogi).
• Kutentha masamba (chifukwa: mankhwala ndi mowa).
• Kutaya tsamba lowala (chifukwa: kuwala kwakukulu).
• Kutalika kwa chomera, kufalikira ndi kutayika kwa maonekedwe (chifukwa: kusowa kwa kuwala, kusintha kwa malo okhala).

Phunzirani za matenda ofala kwambiri a gerbera ndi momwe angamenyane nawo pano.

Zinthu zoberekera

Njira zobalera: mbewu ndi magawano a rhizome. Anabzala mwachisawawa, gawo lapansi la zakudya. Mbeu za Gerbera zofesedwa mu March.

Kugawidwa kwa chitsamba kumachitika panthawi yopatsira. Chomera chomwe chiyenera kukhala pafupifupi zaka 4. Pogawanitsa, chokani osachepera 2-3 kukula pa gawo lililonse. Pankhaniyi, zomera zatsopano zimatha kuyamba pachimake chaka.

Kugawa chitsamba

1. Gulani maluwa a gerbera.
2. Tiyeni tizolowere zochitika zatsopano.
3. Tengani mphika wa maluwa wa lalikulu m'mimba mwake.
4. Lembani ndi dothi lokhala ndi miyala.
5. Chotsani maluwa.
6. Tumizani gerbera pamodzi ndi mtanda wa dziko lapansi.
7. Pangani ndi gawo.

Musati muyike mozama kwambiri mu substrate! Pambuyo pakugulitsa zomera, madzi masabata awiri. Onetsetsani kuti madzi sagwera pa masamba ndi tsinde, ndi bwino kutsanulira madzi mu poto.

Kugawidwa kwa chitsamba, ngati gwero la kubereka - chomera chake "chakale"

1. Chotsani zosanjikiza (pamwamba pa rhizome ziyenera kuoneka).
2. Pa rhizome mupange incision.
3. Powani ndi mafuta pang'ono.
4. Ikani chisanu chatsopano cha nthaka mu mphika.
5. Ikani mphika pa kuwala.
6. Chotsani chomera (muyenera kutenga pafupifupi mwezi umodzi).
7. Gawani mizu yogawanika kukhala magawo awiri.
8. Abwezeretseni iwo mu ziwiya zazikulu zosiyana.

Kukula kuchokera ku mbewu kunyumba

Ndikofunikira! Mbeu za Gerbera zimatha kwa miyezi isanu ndi itatu mutatha kukolola.

Gerber akhoza kudzipangira mungu ndi kupeza mbewu yobzala. Ngati musankha kusonkhanitsa mbewu zanu, kumbukirani kuti ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pasanathe miyezi itatu mutatha kukolola.

Malangizo opangira mbewu kuchokera ku Jamson Gerbera kunyumba:

• Konzani dothi. Sakanizani zoyambira. Iyenera kukhala ndi mbali zofanana:
  1. peat;
  2. perlite;
  3. mchenga;
  4. nthaka yobiriwira.

  Komanso, nthaka ikhoza kupangidwa ndi peat ndi mchenga chabe. Muyenera kukhala ndi nthaka yosakanikirana.

  1. Dulani nthaka ndi njira yochepa ya potaziyamu permanganate kapena kuimitsa.
  2. Konzani mphika waukulu ndi mabowo.
  3. Pansi pa mphika munali dongo (pafupifupi 3 cm).
  4. Ikani nthaka, osaipitsa.
  5. Imwani nthaka kuti ikhale yonyowa.
  6. Bzalani mbewuzo mopanda phindu.
  7. Fukuta ndi mchenga wochepa kwambiri wa mchenga pamwamba.
• Pezani wowonjezera kutentha kwa mbewu:
  1. Ikani chidebecho ndi mbewu zomwe anabzala pansi pa filimuyi. Kutentha kwa wowonjezera kutentha kumakhala pafupi +20 ° C.

     Kawiri patsiku, pendetsani nyembazo, ndipo ngati kuli koyenera, yesetsani.

  2. Pambuyo pa masiku 10-12 mphukira idzaphwanyidwa, kenaka musunthireni.
• Kusamba maluwa:
  1. Dulani nyembazo mu mphika waukulu kuti mbande ziyike 8-10 masentimita (mutatha masamba).
  2. Phulani zomera mosiyana (pambuyo pa masamba 5) mu miphika yaing'ono (pafupifupi masentimita 10 m'mimba mwake).
  3. Bzalani zomera mosiyana (pamene akukula ndi kukhala amphamvu) mu miphika yayikulu (pafupifupi 20 masentimita).

Mitengo ya maluwa kawirikawiri imachitika miyezi isanu ndi itatu mutabzala.

Madzi zitsamba nthawi zonse, nthawi yabwino pafupipafupi 3-4 pa mwezi malinga ndi nthawi ya chaka! Gwiritsani ntchito madzi otentha, ofewa, otetezedwa.

Palemba. Pambuyo pa kumaliza maluwa, zomera zimalowetsa mpumulo, zomwe zimatha mpaka February.

Pewani kuthirira maluwa nthawi yonse. Ndikofunika kusiya kudya zomera. Gerbera amafunika kupumula, chifukwa akupeza mphamvu yatsopano ya maluwa ndi kukula.

Kutsiliza

Tinayang'anitsitsa nkhani zazikulu zokhudzana ndi kulima gerbera ya Jamson. Potsatira malangizo athu, ngakhale oyamba, sipadzakhala mavuto aakulu ndi kukula kwa gerberas. Kumbukirani kuti posankha bwino nthaka, chinyezi chokhazikika ndi kuunika kokwanira - ichi ndi chinsinsi chokula mbewu zabwino.