Gerabera yoyera ndi maluwa okongola kwambiri, omwe ndi omwe amapangidwa kuti apange maluwa. Ndi yoyenera pafupifupi maluwa onse - kuchokera pamtima wapamwamba mpaka odzichepetsa kwambiri. Mpaka posachedwapa, idagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati maluwa "okonda mafakitale" okonzekera maluwa, komabe, pakalipano, gerbera yakhala yokongola kwa alimi ochita masewera.
Gerbera ndi lachisanu labwino kwambiri maluwa a bouquets, pambuyo pa maluwa, mabala, chrysanthemums ndi tulips. Dzina lina la maluŵa odabwitsa awa ndi "Transvaal daisy", kuchokera ku dzina la Transvaal mderalo ku South Africa, kumene ilo linapezedwa.
Malongosoledwe a botaniki ndi mbiriyakale
Gerbera ndi banja la aster, ndipo ali ofanana pa nthawi yomweyo kwa aster, ndi chamomile, ngakhale mpaka mpendadzuwa wawung'ono. Anatchedwa ndi dzina la Traugott Gerber, yemwe ndi dokotala wotchuka komanso wa sayansi ya zachilengedwe. Kukongola koyera kwa a ku Ulaya kunadziŵika kwambiri atapita kuzilumba zakutchire za South Africa, nkhalango zachilengedwe za Madagascar, kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1900 ndi kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 2000.
Maluwa a "transvaal daisy" ndi inflorescence ovuta, (osatchulidwa ngati "basketi"). Chigawo cha inflorescence chimachokera ku masentimita 4 mpaka 30.
"Dengu" lotereli liri ndi:
- maluwa owala kwambiri pamphepete mwa inflorescence;
- maluwa apakati, omwe ndi timachubu tating'onoting'ono.
Zonsezi, "baskiti" angaphatikizepo mitundu yoposa 100. Masamba a gerbera woyera ndi okongola, amdima wobiriwira, omwe amawotcha mapepala, omwe amakhala pamphepete mwake, mpaka mamita masentimita makumi atatu, ndipo nthawi zina amawoneka ndi mdima wonyezimira. Kutalika kwa zimayambira - mpaka masentimita 60. Rhizome bwino bwino.
Gerbera ndi chomera chosatha. Pakalipano, chifukwa cha ntchito ya obereketsa, mitundu makumi asanu ndi iwiri ya white gerbera yayamba kale.
Maonekedwe ndi zinthu
Gerbera yoyera ndi yofanana ndi yosavuta. Nkhono ya mlendo kuchokera kumalo otsika kumtunda nthawi zonse imakhala yokha; imayendetsedwa ndi masamba ndipo imayikidwa pamphukira. "Transvaal Chamomile" - maluwa otentha, pakukula mmavuto athu kumunda sikunakonzedwe (ngati mukufuna kudziwa momwe gerbera idakalire m'munda, werengani nkhaniyi).
Ngakhale kuti gerbera imakonda kuwala kwa dzuwa, ndi bwino kuibisala mumthunzi masana m'nyengo yachilimwe. Chochititsa chidwi, nthawi yamaluwa ya chomera ndi maola 12. Ngati pali dzuwa, komanso ngati pali zambiri, simungakhoze kuyembekezera maluwa nthawi zonse (kuti mumve zambiri za chifukwa chake gerberas silingakhoze kuphulika komanso momwe angasamalire pa nkhaniyi, mungapeze apa).
Chithunzi
M'munsimu mudzawona chithunzi cha gerbera yoyera:
Kodi ndikuti ndiziti?
Monga taonera kale, kulima gerbera woyera kumunda kuli kovuta. Ku Central Russia, "Transvaal daisies" ayenera kukumbidwa musanafike nyengo yozizira. Tikulimbikitsanso kukula zomera izi m'mabotchi kapena kunyumba.
Kuunikira ndi malo
Gerbera - "sissy" ndipo akuwopa zida ndi mphepo zamphamvu. Ngati mukasankha kulima kuthengo, malo abwino kwambiri akhoza kukhala malo pafupi ndi mpanda wakufa kapena khoma la nyumbayi ndizitha kuponyedwa pansi.
Ndibwino kuti mubzala chomeracho mu dzenje, koma kuti musadziwe madzi, zidzakhala zoopsa kwa gerberas. Ndibwino kuti tiike gerbera m'nyumba m'nyumba yamtendere ndi malo owala (momwe mungasamalire gerbera mumphika, werengani apa). Chodabwitsa kwambiri pa chomera ichi ndiwindo lawindo lomwe likuyang'ana kum'mwera chakum'maŵa. Komanso, alimi a maluwa akulangizidwa kuti aziyika mphika wa gerbera mu khola ndi sphagnum moss, miyala kapena udothi wochuluka.
Zosowa za nthaka
Gerbera amakonda kumasula nthaka yomwe mpweya wabwino ukuyenda mosavuta. Kukonzekera gawo lapansi, muyenera kusakaniza mofanana:
- peat;
- mchenga wabwino;
- tsamba la masamba
Momwemo, posakaniza positi ya maluwa, yomwe imayimilidwa muzogawanika, imakhalanso yoyenera kwa gerberas.
Humus ndi kompositi ndizoopsa kwa mizu ya gerbera. Peŵani kuwonjezera zowonjezera izi kunthaka.
Chisamaliro ndi matenda wamba ndi tizirombo
Matenda ndi tizirombo wamba "Transvaal daisy" - chomera chomera. Monga taonera kale, sakonda kuwala kwa dzuwa.
Muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa kwambiri kuti mumwe madzi. Matope a madzi sayenera kugwera pa masamba ndi basal rosette (chifukwa chomwecho, chomera sichikufuna kupopera mbewu), kuchuluka kwa madzi kuyenera kuti kukhala kochepa kotero kuti mulimonsemo simungakhale pamtunda wosanjikiza wa dziko lapansi. Kwa kuthirira, kokha kunachepa, madzi otentha pang'ono ndi abwino.
Mlengalenga kuti kukongola koyera "kupuma" kuyenera kukonzedwa bwino, ndi kutentha kwa madigiri 20 mpaka Celsius. Komanso, moyenera, nkofunika kuyandikira kugwiritsa ntchito ku dothi la pamwamba:
- Mankhwala a feteleza omwe ali ndi mitsempha ya nayitrogeni yapamwamba imayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira kumapeto kwa nyengo yozizira mpaka m'mawa;
- Maofesi omwe amapangidwa ndi potaziyamu, oyenerera nyengo ya maluwa, yomwe ili m'njira, imagwera nthawi kuyambira August mpaka November.
Mawu ochepa okhudzana ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a gerbara zomwe zimakhudza zomera. Izi zikuphatikizapo:
- Mame a Mealy. Chizindikiro cha kunja - chikhomo kumtunda kwa masamba a chomera, mdima wawo.
- Fusarium ndi verticillus. Pamaso pa nthenda yotereyi, rhizome ndi maziko a peduncles ndi zojambula mu mtundu wofiira kwambiri.
- Phytophthora. Zizindikiro zake zimakhala ndi thukuta m'magawo onse a gerbera, phesi likuvunda.
- Grey kuvunda. Masamba ndi mphukira zimaphimbidwa ndi imvi pachimake.
N'zotheka kuteteza matendawa ndi matendawa mwa kumangoyendayenda m'chipinda kumene zomera zimakhala. Koma samalani ndi zojambula! Amatha kuwononga mosavuta mlendo wawo m'madzi otentha.
Gerbera yoopsa ndi tizirombo, kuphatikizapo:
- kangaude;
- whitefly;
- aphid;
- schitovka.
Mukhoza kuwachotsa mwa kutsuka mosamala chomeracho mu njira ya soapy, kapena pogwiritsa ntchito tizilombo.
Werengani zambiri za chisamaliro cha gerbera apa, koma apa tawuza chifukwa chake masamba a gerbera akhoza kutembenukira chikasu komanso momwe angachigwiritsire ntchito.
Kuswana
Pali njira zitatu zoberekera gerbera woyera:
mbewu (kawirikawiri);- magawano a chitsamba;
- cuttings.
mbewu (kawirikawiri);Mbewu imabzalidwa m'nthaka kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, ataphimbidwa ndi nthaka yosachepera, yomwe idakonzedwa kwa maola 3-4.
Mbewu ingabzalidwe osati kale kuposa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mutatha kukolola.atayanika bwino.
Pambuyo pa masamba oyambirira akuwoneka pa zomera zazing'ono, iwo amaikidwa, mosamala kudula nsonga ya mzu waukulu.
Kubalana ndi magawano kaŵirikaŵiri kumachitika pamene mukukula gerbera kunyumba.
- Kugawanika kumachitika kumapeto kwa maluwa, nthawi zambiri m'chilimwe.
- Pogawaniza gerbera, dothi lopanda pamwamba limachotsedwa, mbali yapamwamba ya rhizome yomwe imaonekera poyera imadulidwa moŵirikaŵiri (ndi yabwino kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito opaleshoni ya opaleshoni).
- Zonsezi zimasiyidwa mumphika.
- Ndikofunika kuti uwazafe odulidwa ndi makala amchere (koma dziko louma lidzachita).
- Pambuyo pakuoneka mizu yatsopano mu zomera, amachotsedwa ndikubzala m'mitsuko yosiyanasiyana. Njira ina yoswana woyera kukongola - cuttings.
- Mu gerbera, gawo la tsinde lomwe lili ndi tsamba ndi mfundo limadulidwa ndikuikidwa mu nthaka yofunda, yotentha.
- Pa sabata imodzi, mphukira zatsopano zidzawonekera, kuchokera kumene "Transvaal daisies" yatsopano idzakula.
Kutsiliza
Gerberas ndi okongola kwambiri komanso okongola maluwa, okongola, okongola, osasunthika mu zokongola zawo zokongola. Amatha kutsitsimutsa mkati mwa chipinda chirichonse, kubweretsa zolemba zachimwemwe ndi chiyembekezo m'moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Mukhoza kupereka chidwi kwa munthu amene mumamulemekeza kwambiri ndikumverera kuyamikira.
