Clivia ndi chomera chotentha chimene chimakonda kwambiri alimi. Lili ndi masamba osakhwima a mdima wobiriwira ndi maluwa omwe amawoneka ngati maluwa.
Ndiwowoneka bwino ngati chomera chomwe chimakopa chidwi chapadera kwa icho. Chomeracho chimasiyana ndi oimira ena a Amaryllis zomera chifukwa chosowa babu. Clivia ali ndi rhizome yeniyeni, ndiye chifukwa chake imaonedwa kuti ndi yochepa. M'nkhani yathu mungadziwe bwino mitunduyo pogwiritsa ntchito zithunzi za zomera, ndikuphunziranso malamulo a chisamaliro cha kunyumba kwa cleavia.
Kodi nyumbayi ndi chiyani?
Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu kochokera kwa ena oimira Mitengo ya Amaryllis komwe ili ndi kulibe kwa babu. Malo ake amatengedwa ndi rhizome chabe, yomwe imakhala ndi tsinde la masamba wandiweyani ndi minofu. Ndicho chifukwa chake phokoso la rhizome silikhoza kutchedwa kwathunthu.
Kunyumba pansi, mosiyana ndi zakutchire, kumatha kufika hafu mita imodzi msinkhu. Pakati pa tsinde lonse, pali masamba obiriwira omwe alibe mitsempha yamkati. Pakhoza kukhala maluwa 10-13 aang'ono ndi alanje-chikasu pa peduncle (malingana ndi clivia zosiyanasiyana). Pamene tsamba lakuda limadulidwa, madzi amodzimodzi ngati maluwa adzatulukamo.
Zothandiza
Malingana ndi zikhulupiliro ndi zizindikiro zambiri, clivia ndi chomera chomwe chingathandize pophunzitsa sayansi, kuwongolera bwino ndikuwonjezereka bwino kwa ubongo. Kupeza chomera ichi m'nyumba kukuthandizani kuukitsa chidwi ndikufuna chidziwitso chatsopano mwa munthu.
Ndiponso Clivia imathandiza kuti mgwirizano wa munthu ukhale wogwirizana: amayamba kukhala wochepetsetsa komanso wokoma mtima, osasamala kuti asonyeze zolakwika (mwachitsanzo, kukhumudwa kwakukulu kapena kusatetezeka).
Poizoni
Ngakhale maonekedwe okongola omwe maluwa okongola amakoka, choyamba ndi chomera chakupha. Choyamba, nkofunikira kusunga chomera kumene ana ndi nyama sangathe kufika kwa izo, chifukwa kuyamwa kwa madzi pang'ono kwambiri kuchokera ku tsamba la masamba kungabweretse:
- kusanza;
- kutsekula m'mimba;
- zowawa m'mimba za madigiri osiyanasiyana;
- nthawi zina ngakhale ziwalo.
Zosatheka kunena, chomwe chingachitike ngati mwana kapena nyama idya chidutswa kapena duwa lathunthu kapena ngakhale pang'ono.
Mawonekedwe ndi zithunzi
Clivia ali ndi mitundu yochepa kwambiri ya mitundu zosiyana kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake mwa njira zosinthira ku zosiyana, kukula, mtundu. Pakali pano, malingana ndi mitundu yambiri ya zomera, pali 5 - 7. Komanso, mitundu yatsopano ya mitundu ikukonzedwa tsopano. Mitundu yotsatirayi imakhala yotchuka kwambiri pakati pa mafani a zomera zakuweta:
Cinnabar (Miniata, Orange)
Imodzi mwa mitundu yofala kwambiri yomwe imakula pakhomo. Clavaria imafika kutalika kwa masentimita 50. Masamba obiriwira amdima amakhala ndi mawonekedwe a lamba ndipo amatha kutalika masentimita 60. Kutsirizira kwa peduncle kumakhala ndi maluĊµa ofiira a red-orange, opangidwa ngati mphiri. Chiwerengero chawo chikhoza kusiyana ndi zidutswa 10 mpaka 30.
Chifukwa chachikulu cha kutchuka kwake ndikumatha kusintha machitidwe aliwonse apakhomo, kusinthidwa mofulumira kwa iwo ndi chofunikira cha chisamaliro chochepa. Ngati chomera chiri mu chipinda chokhala ndi kuwala kokwanira, ndiye kuti chidzasintha.
Nthawi yamaluwa ya cinnabar clivia imayamba mu February ndipo imatha mu April kapena May, i.e. nyengo yonse yozizira, adzasangalala ndi mitundu yake yowala. Komanso, chifukwa cha kuikidwa kwake, palibe njira yapadera komanso yovuta yofunira: mizu ikangowoneka, chipinda chadothi chiyenera kutumizidwa ku mphika wina.
Njirayi imachitika nthawi iliyonse pambuyo pake ikafika kutali (ngati mbewuyo ili yachinyamata), kapena kamodzi pa zaka ziwiri ndi zitatu (ngati chomeracho ndi chakale). Ndi chithandizo cha mtundu woterewu, ena amawonetsedwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Wokongola (Nobilis, Noble)
Mitundu imeneyi imasiyana ndi ena onse mu kukula kwake: Kutalika kokwera kwa chomera chokongola kumatha kufika masentimita 30 okha, koma zitsanzo zina za mitundu iyi zimatha kukula pang'ono.
Pa peduncle, yomwe imatuluka pamwamba pa tsinde, imapangidwa kuchokera ku masamba, owoneka ngati lupanga, mpaka maluwa okwana 50 a lalanje kapena maluwa a lalanje ndi pang'ono pinki tinge akhoza kuikidwa. Komanso, zimasiyana ndi mitundu ina yonse ya zamoyo m'mapiri ake okongola, m'malo mwake. Nkhalangoyi ndi Cape Province ku South Africa.
Gardena
Clive wa Gardena, monga Clivia wa Kinovar, akhoza kukula mpaka 50 cm m'litali. Masambawa ali ndi mawonekedwe a lamba 2.5 - 4 masentimita m'lifupi ndi khalidwe lokhazikika pamapeto. Pa peduncle 45 - 50 cm yaitali 10 - 16 maluwa ochepa akhoza kuwonekera; mapaundi awo, pafupifupi masentimita atatu m'litali, apange belu losagwirizana. Nthawi ya maluwa ya Clivia Gardens imapezeka makamaka m'nyengo yozizira, m'malo mvula.
Mitundu imeneyi inabwera kuchokera kumapiri a Transvaal ku South Africa.
Kusamalira kwanu
Kutentha
Pafupifupi nyengo iliyonse ya kulima bwino ili ndi mphamvu yake yotentha:
- Zima - kasupe (maluwa nthawi) - kuchokera madigiri 20 mpaka 25.
- Chilimwe - kuchokera madigiri 20 mpaka 25.
- Kutha - nyengo yozizira - kuyambira 12 mpaka 15 madigiri.
Kuwala
Clivia ndi chomera chachikondi chomwe chimayikidwa kumene kuwala kwa dzuwa kumwazikana, chifukwa kuwala kwa dzuwa kumayambitsa kuyaka pa masamba. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti kuwala kunali kokwanira pa nyengo ya maluwa (February - May), mwinamwake chomera sichingakusangalatse ndi mitundu yokongola ndi yowala.
Kuthirira
M'nyengo ya chilimwe, m'pofunika kuthirira madziwa posangomva kuti malo osanjikizika apansi auma, i.e. pafupifupi 1 nthawi pa sabata. Pa nthawi yozizira (yozizira - yozizira), pamene chomera chikupeza mphamvu ya maluwa abwino, kuthirira kumachepa: kuthirira ndikofunikira kokha pamene ziwonekere kuti nsonga za masamba zakhala zikuwuma pang'ono. Zonse zimadalira kuchuluka kwa chinyezi ndi kutentha komwe chipinda cha Clivia chili.
Pa nthawi ya maluwa (February - May), kuthirira kumakhala kawirikawiri ngati pamwamba pa gawo lapansi.
Monga masamba a chomeracho, mukhoza kuona momwe kuthirira kumakhudzira komanso ngati dongosololo liyenera kusinthidwa: ngati madzi owonjezera, masambawo akhale bulauni, ayambe kuvunda mizu ndi tsinde la tsinde.
Ndikofunikira! Madzi a pamphepete sangakhale oyenera kuthirira clivia, chifukwa ndi ovuta kwambiri. Ndikofunika kuwiritsa ndi kuyembekezera mpaka kutentha.
Kupaka pamwamba
Nthawi zonse, kupatula nthawi yopuma, kudyetsa kwachitika 1 - 2 pa mlungu. Zikhoza kukhala zowonjezereka komanso zamadzimadzi, koma nthawi zonse zimakhala ndi nayitrogeni wokhutira. Kusiyana kokha ndikoti mavalidwe olimba amawonjezeredwa asanamwe madzi, ndipo chakudya chamadzimadzi chimangotchulidwa, kenako chimatsukidwa ndi madzi oyera.
Kuti muthe kulima bwino, mukufunika kusintha zina zowonjezera ndi zowonjezera mavitamini.
Kuwaza
Mukachita izi popanda kusamalidwa, mukhoza kuwononga mizu yovuta ya clivia pamene mukuwachotsa mu mphika, ndiyeno malo owonongeka a mizu ayamba kuvunda, kenako mbewu yokha. Ndicho chifukwa chake kusakanikirana sikukulimbikitsidwa kuti muchite popanda kusowa kwachangu.
Kwa zomera zazing'ono, ndi zokwanira kuchita kamodzi pachaka (pambuyo pa maluwa), ndi zomera zakale - kamodzi pa zaka ziwiri. Kwa clivia, dothi lotayirira lidzakhala lokongola. Kukonzekera, muyenera kuphatikiza zigawo zotsatirazi:
- Mchenga - ora limodzi
- Dziko la Sod - maola awiri
- Malo osayera - maola atatu
Kwa mikango mikango, ndizofunika kuwonjezera mchenga wa mtsinje kapena ufa wophika. Ngati mulibe zofunikira zokonzekera dothi lanu, mukhoza kugula mu sitolo yapadera. Maziko ayenera kuphatikizapo mchenga, peat ndi kuzungulira pansi.
Mukhozanso kudziwa za kusintha kwa pakhomo panyumba kuchokera m'nkhaniyi.
Penyani kanema pa momwe mungasinthire tsambalo, komanso momwe mungasankhire malo abwino:
Kuswana
Mbewu
Nthanga zomwe zimapezeka m'mphepete mwa nyemba zimayikidwa muzitsulo zazikulu komanso zopanda kanthu mu chisakanizo cha peat ndi mchenga ku kuya kwa masentimita 1 ndi mtunda wina ndi mzake. Patatha pafupi mwezi ndi theka, mphukira zoyamba ziyenera kuonekera, ndi kuwonjezeka kwa zomwe akufunika kuti abzalidwe miphika yosiyana.
Akuwombera
Kwa njira iyi, ndizo zokha zomwe zimachokera pa masamba 4 osankhidwa. Pamene akubzala m'magawo osiyana, muyenera kuwasiyanitsa bwino ndi kuwapatsanso mchenga wa perlite ndi mchenga, kenako kuwawaza moyenera ndikuwathandiza ngati zomera zazikulu.
Zambiri zokhudzana ndi zinsinsi ndi zovuta za kubzala kwa mbeu zingapezeke pano.
Tizilombo ndi matenda
Clivia kawirikawiri amadwala matenda kapena tizirombo koma ngati izi zichitika, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotchinga nsabwe za m'masamba, zowola, kapena mealybugs.
- Ngati chomera chimakhala ndi chikopa chotchedwa aphid, izi zikhoza kuzindikiridwa mosavuta ndi kukula ndi mdima pa masamba. Aphid wamkulu amadzazidwa ndi zowononga komanso zosasunthika, choncho sizingawonongeke, ndipo mphutsi zikhoza kufalikira palimodzi. Kuchotsa tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa ndi madzi odzola. Chomera chachikulu chikhoza kupukutidwa ndi swab.
- Ngati maluwa ofiira ngati ubweya wa thonje amapezeka pa masamba a chomera, izi zikutanthauza kuti zinagonjetsedwa ndi "mayesero" a mealybug, omwe angachotsedwe mwa kuchisakaniza ndi chophimba chamadzi. Ngati pali tizirombo tambiri, ndiye kuti tifunika kupopera Klivia ndi tizilombo tomwe timayambitsa matendawa.
- Ngati masamba amayamba kutembenukira chikasu, i.e. kufa, chifukwa chake chimakhala mu mizu yowonongeka yomwe yavulala panthawi yoperekera. Pofuna kupewa zowola, muyenera kuchotsa mizuyi ndi kuwaza malo odulidwa ndi malasha osweka, ngati nkutheka kulowetsa mu nthaka yatsopano.
- Ngati Clivia sichiphulika, zikutanthauza kuti nyengo isanayambe maluwa, nyengoyi siidapangidwe: kutentha kuli pamwamba pa madigiri 15, kuunika kokwanira kapena ngakhale kuthirira mobwerezabwereza, ndikudyetsa. Pachifukwa ichi, chomeracho chikhoza kuphuka, koma maluwawo adzakhala olusa komanso ochepa. Kuti apange pachimake, iyenera kuyembekezera nthawi yotsatira yamtunda kuti iwonetsetse zonse zomwe zilipo ndi maluwa.
Kutsiliza
Monga chomera china chilichonse, Clivia amafunikira chisamaliro, koma chimafuna kuti chikhale chochepa. Kugwirizana ndi zikhalidwe zonse za kulima kwake kungapangitse kuti zidzakondweretsani nyengo yozizira ndi mitundu yake yowala, koma musaiwale kuti ndi chomera chakupha ndipo chiyenera kukhala chosatheka kwa ana ndi zinyama.
