Mbatata - imodzi mwa zakudya zomwe zimapezeka patebulo lathu. Kukula mbatata sikufuna chisamaliro chapadera. Hilling ndi njira mu ulimi ndi ulimi wa horticulture, womwe umakhala ndi dothi lonyowa, lonyowa kwambiri mpaka kumapeto kwa mbeu. Zonse zomwe mbatata amafunikira ndikulimbana ndi namsongole, tizirombo ndi hilling.
Zipatso za Spud zingakhale m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Zonse zimadalira mphamvu za eni. Nazi mfundo zazikuluzikulu: Ngati munthu adzizira mbatata yekha, popanda chithandizo, ndiye kuti adzasowa chopper kapena fosholo. Hilling ndi imodzi mwa njira zofunika kwambiri zothandizira. Kufunika kokwera mbatata ndiko kukakamiza kugwiritsa ntchito njira zatsopano zogwiritsira ntchito mosavuta, popanda kuchititsa mavuto kapena mavuto.
Kodi mbatata yayenda bwanji?
Nchifukwa chiyani mapiriwa ndi ofunikira? Mu mizu yambiri ya mizu, mizu imakula pansi, ndipo mbatata imayambira mbali ndi ngakhale mmwamba. Mitundu ya tizilombo yomwe ikukula mkati ingakhale pamwamba.
Mankhwala oyenera komanso othandizira pa nthawi yake amapereka zokolola zambiri.. Pambuyo pa kukwera phiri, mazira oyambirira amawoneka mkati mwa chitunda.
Kodi mungachite bwanji mwatsatanetsatane?
Njira yachikhalidwe
Spud imafuna dothi lonyowa. Nthaŵi itatha mvula ndi yabwino kwambiri. Ngati nyengo yowuma, nthaka iyenera kuthiriridwa. Spud m'mawa kwambiri pasanafike 10 koloko kapena madzulo 6. Pakati pa madzulo otentha, dziko lapansi lotentha limatentha mphukira ndipo limalepheretsa chitukuko chawo.
Hilling imachitika nthawi zambiri ndi sapka. Hoe ikhoza kukhala yamtundu umodzi kapena trapezoidal. Mphepete mwa mapikowo muli azungu kapena lakuthwa.
Zomwe zipangizo zina zimagwiritsidwira ntchito pa hilling, werengani pano, ndipo m'nkhani ino tinakambirana za kukwera kuyenda kumbuyo kwa thirakitala.
Ndondomeko yothandizira pang'onopang'ono pa mbatata zamapiri:
- Timakumba danga pakati pa malo otsetsereka.
- Ikani mabedi mu njira imodzi. Timayenda pamabedi omwe timagwira pansi kuchokera pamsewu kupita kumbali imodzi ya tchire.
- Pewani mabedi pambali ina kusuntha mosiyana. Mzere wochokera kumtunda wapakati kupita ku mbali inayo ya tchire.
- Njuchi imatchera nthaka ku chitsamba kuchokera kumbali zonse. Zotsatira zake ndi mulu womwe umatulutsa "gulu" la zimayambira. Chitsamba chiyenera kukhala chachikulu komanso chapamwamba.
- Kumapeto kwa mzere uliwonse timatsanulira dambo laling'ono, lomwe lidzasunga madzi mvula itatha.
Mnyamata
Fan hilling ikuchitika pamene zimayambira kale kufika kutalika kwa 15-20cm. Hood ya njira iyi si yoyenera. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito fosholo.
Ndondomeko yothandizira ndi sitepe ya fan hilling ya mbatata:
- Ndi manja athu timakankhira pambali timene timayambira pansi mozungulira.
- Fosholo imatenga dzikolo kuchoka pa kanjira ndikugona tulo pakatikati pa chitsamba.
- Timagawira dzikolo kuti nsonga zokha za masamba ndi masamba apitirire.
- Udzu wamsongo wamsongo udalera kuchokera pamzere mzere. Zidzakhala zowonjezera kudya ndi kusunga chinyezi m'nthaka.
Kuti chitetezo cha zimayambira sitiyenera kuchita mantha. Tsiku lomwelo adzatsogolera kukula kwawo. Pambuyo masiku 10-14 chitsamba chidzayamba kuonekera pambali ndi pamwamba. Mphukira yatsopano idzawonekera pa iyo. Pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi, kukolola mbatata kumawonjezeka chifukwa cha kutuluka kwa tubers.
Malingana ndi Zamyatkin
Njira imeneyi imagwiritsira ntchito mlimi wodziwika bwino wa mbatata ku Siberia I.P. Zamyatkin akulima ulimi. Anakhulupirira kuti ndi mpikisano wamakono, mpikisano umapangidwa mkati mwa chitsamba kuti kuwala ndi madzi ndipo zokolola zachepetsedwa.
Zamyatkin akulangiza kubzala tubers mu njira yayitali pa mtunda wa 20-40 masentimita. Mwamba ikadzakula mpaka 15-17 masentimita, timakankhira pambali pang'onopang'ono ndipo pakati timagona "organic" - masamba a chaka chatha, udzu, udzu, kusiya nsonga zokha zowonekera.
Chitsamba chimakhala bwino masamba, a vazoobrazny mawonekedwe ndipo mwamsanga imakula. Njira imeneyi imapereka zokolola zochuluka za 1.5-2 nthawi. Pansi pa "chovala chovala" chotere dziko lapansi limapuma ndipo nthawizonse limakhala pansi pansi, ngakhale chilala. Chirombo cha Colorado cha mbatata ndi tizirombo tina timagwiritsa ntchito mabediketi.
Ndi kangati?
- Choyamba. Chizindikiro choyamba chokwera ndi mphukira. Pamene mphukira zafika pamtunda wa masentimita asanu ndi asanu ndi asanu ndi asanu, choyamba chikhoza kuchitidwa. Ngati pali ngozi ya chisanu, mphukirazo zimadzazidwa ndi dziko lapansi.
- Chigawo chachiwiri mutha masiku 15-18 mutatha. Mphukira ziyenera kukhala 15-20 masentimita mu msinkhu. Izi zimachitika maluwa asanayambe. Njira yachiwiri yokwera phiri ndi ntchito yowonjezera kwambiri.
Sikofunika kuti tifunikire tchire, koma kuti tiwone kuti kutalika kwake kumakhala kutalika kwa masentimita 15 mpaka 18. Apo ayi, tubers idzayamba kusungira pansi ndi kuunjikana solanine motsogoleredwa ndi dzuwa.
- Chachitatu pamwamba Pambuyo pa mphukira zimakula mpaka 25-30 masentimita. Chomeracho chidzaza ndi kutalika kwa 17-20 cm.
- Ngati tchire chikukula kwambiri, chimachitika ndi chani pa nthaka yonyowa ndipo tubers imayamba kukwera pansi, ndibwino kuti tigwire wachinayi.
Popanda kukwera, mbuto ya mbatata idzakhala 20-25% pang'ono. Pamene kumasula mu nthaka chinyezi kumasungidwa, komwe kumakhudza kwambiri kukula kwa mbatata. Kutulutsa nthaka, kwambiri mbatata zidzakhala. Mphukira zazing'ono zimakakamizika kukula kuti zifike pamwamba. Masamba akukula. Ndi masamba ambiri, photosynthesis imakula. Masamba amadzipangira shuga wosungunuka umene umalowa mumachubu ndipo umayikidwa pamenepo ngati wowuma (kuwerenga zambiri za phindu la hilling apa).
