Mapulogalamu abwino a Dutch pokulitsa mbatata: kufotokoza njira ndi malamulo ogwiritsiridwa ntchito pamsewu ndi kunyumba

Ambiri a inu mwakula mbatata pa tsamba lanu. Kawirikawiri zokolola zili pamwamba. Koma anthu ochepa amadziwa kuti akhoza kuwonjezeka pafupifupi kawiri. Izi ndizo zomwe zipangizo zamakono zopangira mbatata zimachita. Kwa zaka zingapo, wamaluwa akugwiritsa ntchito njira yachitsamba yobzala mbatata, yomwe imasiyanitsa ndi zokolola zambiri. Poyamba, njirayi inkayamikiridwa yokha kwa minda yayikulu, koma inakhalanso yofunikira m'madera akumidzi. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane momwe mungamere mbatata pogwiritsa ntchito luso lachidatchi ndikupeza zokolola zabwino.

Kodi njira iyi ndi yotani?

Choncho, chitukuko cha tubers chimapezeka muzikhalidwe zabwino. Ali pamapiri, amakhala ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa.

Mfundo zazikuluzikulu zotsatirazi za sayansi ya Dutch:

1. Kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamtengo wapatali zokhalamo, zogula m'masitolo apadera ndi mainda.
2. Pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo yoyendetsa mbewu - malo otsetsereka ayenera kusinthidwa zaka zitatu zilizonse. Zosakaniza za mbatata zabwino ndizoperekera ndi nyemba.
3. Kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza zoyenera panthawi yake.
4. Kuteteza tizilombo to mbeu za masamba, komanso magwero a mavairasi ndi bakiteriya.
5. Chithandizo chapadera cha nthaka m'chaka ndi m'dzinja.

Njirayi siimapangitsa kugwira ntchito kwa amateur - njira zonse ziyenera kukhala zogwirizana ndi nthawi yake. Teknoloji imapindulitsa kwambiri - zokolola kuchokera ku chitsamba chimodzi kufika 1.5-2.5 makilogalamu. Choncho, pa chiwembu chokhazikika cha banja, mlimi amalandira pafupifupi makilogalamu 300 a mbatata yosankhidwa kuchokera ku nsalu.

Zochita ndi zoipa za njirayi

Zotsatira zabwino zogwiritsa ntchito luso la Dutch:

• Mwamsanga kukolola chifukwa cha ntchito yamkati ya mbatata.
• Ambiri kwambiri mapangidwe a tubers pa chitsamba chilichonse.
• Maonekedwe abwino ndi mtundu wokongola wa masamba.
• Zosangalatsa zamakono nthawi yosungirako.

Zoipa zikuphatikizapo:

• Kulima mbatata molingana ndi njira ya Dutch kumafuna khama lalikulu kuchokera kwa mlimi pa nthawi yonse ya zomera, chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kulipidwa ku ntchito yokonzekera.
• Kuvuta kwa kusungidwa kwa mbewu zokolola mbewu m'madera ang'onoang'ono akumidzi.
• Wokwanira kwambiri chifukwa cha kupulumuka kwa danga kumachepetsanso njira yabwino.
• Wamasamba akhoza kulakwitsa pogula zokolola - zinachitikira ndizofunika kugula mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
• M'nyengo ya chilimwe sakhala ndi mwayi wotsatila mosamala malamulo onse.

Njira zofunikira m'dzikolo

Pofuna kupeza zotsatira zabwino, njira zoyenera ziyenera kutsatiridwa.

Kusankha mitundu

Mitundu ya Chidatchi ndi yabwino kwambiri pa njirayi.. Iwo amaonedwa moyenera kuti akulimbana ndi matenda ambiri, komanso kuti nyengo isakhazikika. Mlimi ayenera kumvetsera mitundu yotsatirayi:

• Santa;
• Red Scarlett;
• Pambuyo;
• Mona Lisa;
• Romano;
• Kondomu

Agronomists a ku Russia ochokera kumpoto akulimbikitsidwa kuti azikonda mitundu yosiyanasiyana chifukwa cha nyengo.

Mosasamala za kalasi yosankhidwa, kubzala zinthu ziyenera kukonzedwa bwino.

Mphukira zazikulu, mbatata ziyenera kukhala zinyama komanso osati zazikulu. Zakudya zabwino za mbatata - 5 masentimita awiri ndi kulemera kwa 50 g. Maso sayenera kukhala osachepera 5. Mbatata imamera pa pepala kapena minofu mkati mwa mwezi kutentha kosapitirira +18 ° C.

Ndibwino kuti tiyambe kubzala pamene mphukira ifika 5mm. Uwu ndiye waukulu kwambiri woyenera kubzala. Lamuloli liyenera kutsatiridwa kokha ndi kayendetsedwe ka kayendedwe kake pofuna kupewa kuwonongeka kwa mphukira. Muzikhalidwe za nyumba ya chilimwe, kutalika kwa mphukira kufika 2.5 masentimita

Land, zipangizo ndi feteleza

Kukonzekera kwa nthaka kuyenera kupita ku kugwa. Malo otsetsereka ayenera kukhala oyenerera pamtunda waung'ono, komanso bwino. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti tipeŵe kuchepa kwa chinyontho.

Tikayang'ana mabedi, ndi bwino kukumba dothi lakuya masentimita 22-27, komanso feteleza. Pazinthu izi, manyowa oyenera kapena manyowa. Malinga ndi mankhwala opangidwa, onjezerani 20 g wa sulfate ya potassiamu ndi 50 g wa superphosphate pa mita imodzi ya malo.

Zowonjezerapo phindu lidzafesa malowa ndi zomera zomwe zidzalowetsedwa m'nthaka, kuzikweza ndi nitrogen - nyemba, mpiru kapena kugwiriridwa. Zonsezi zimachitika mosavuta ndi khama losinthika kapena wamlimi ali ndi diski.

Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, bedi limayesedwanso, nthawi ino kulemeretsa nthaka ndi carbamide kapena ammonium sulphate (40-50 g pa m²). Urea ikhoza kuwonjezeranso. Kugwiritsa ntchito nthawiyi kumapangidwa ndi frezoy-cultivator, yomwe imaphwanya, imamasula komanso imatulutsa nthaka.

Mafoloko omwe ali ndi malire ochepa akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito (kukula kwa mano ayenera kukhala 6 mm, ndipo mtunda pakati pawo ukhale 30mm).

Ndikofunika kuchepetsa nthawi ya kukonzekera dothi ndi kubzala kwa tubers kuti dziko lisatayike chinyezi ndi mpweya. Pa nthawi yomweyo, m'pofunika kuyembekezera nthaka kuti izitha kufika ku 10 ° С.

Kuyala zakuthupi kumayambira mpaka kuya masentimita 6-8 ndi phulusa, katsamba kakang'ono komanso peel anyezi. Mtunda pakati pa zitsamba zamtsogolo uyenera kukhala pafupifupi masentimita 30, ndi pakati pa mizera yokha - 70-75 masentimita Mtsinje waukulu umapangidwa ndi gawo la masentimita 1500 cm². Mitundu imeneyi imapereka chakudya chambiri pamtunda, mizu imatuluka, ndipo madzi owonjezera amatuluka momasuka pakati pa shafts.

Kubzala chisamaliro

Poyamba zimayambira, muyenera kuchotsa mosamala namsongole ndikusuntha mbande kuti mthunzi ufike pamtunda wa masentimita 12. Kutalika kwapadera kwapakati pa 35 cm Pakatha pafupifupi mwezi, njira yowetera iyenera kubwerezedwa ndipo mapiri ayenera kuwonjezeka mpaka 30 cm. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito khasu kapena fosholo.

M'tsogolomu, herbicides amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthetsa namsongole. Komanso pazinthu izi, ndiloledwa kudzaza malo pakati pa mizera ndi peat crumb kapena udzu watsopano.

Kuthirira bwino kumachitika bwino pogwiritsa ntchito kuthirira madzi.. Ngati izi sizingatheke, nthawi yonse yobzala imachitika katatu - isanayambe mphindi, masiku asanu ndi awiri (7-10) mutayamba maluwa, ndipo patatha masiku 10 mutatha.

Processing kuchokera ku Colorado mbatata kachilomboka amachitira mosamalitsa pamaso maluwa a tchire, ndiyeno mobwerezabwereza 3-4 zina zambiri. Pofuna kupewa chizoloŵezi, zimalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito chida chatsopano - "Zukoed", "Bankol", "Corado".

Kupewa kuchepetsa kuchepa kumachitika maulendo 5-6 pa nyengo ndi mankhwala monga "Skor", "Topaz", "HOM".

Musanakolole mbatata, mphukira imakololedwa ndi kutenthedwa.. Tizilombo timasiyidwa pansi kwa milungu ina 1.5 kuti khungu lawo likhale lolimba kwambiri. Izi zidzalola masamba kusungidwa nthawi yayitali.

Kodi mungagwiritse ntchito bwanji njirayi kunyumba?

Ndizosangalatsa kwambiri kuyesa kugwiritsa ntchito teknoloji ya Dutch mwachindunji pa khonde. Kuti muchite izi:

1. Konzani bokosi, matumba kapena zidebe zomwe mbatata zimakula ndikuziika pa loggia yofunda. Kutsika kwa ngalawa kuyenera kukhala osachepera 25 cm.
2. Sankhani dothi - mpweya, koma osamasuka kwambiri. Ikani masentimita 2-3 masentimita a madzi pansi pa mphika.
3. Chomera choyenera - chitsamba kapena chovunda manyowa.
4. Khalani ndi tubers musanadzalemo ndi kuziyika mu chidebe mumamera m'magawo atatu (mzere woyamba - 6 masentimita kuchokera pansi, ndiye zina ziwiri ndi zofanana). Izi zidzapulumutsa kwambiri malo.
5. Ulamuliro wa kutentha uyenera kukhazikika popanda kutsika mwadzidzidzi (25-32 ° C), ndipo kutentha kwa mpweya sikuyenera kupitirira 65-75%. Zigawo zoterezi zidzathandiza kuti pakhale kusiyana kwa ma tubers.
6. Kuthirira kumakhala kochepa kokha kamodzi masiku khumi ndi awiri ndi khumi ndi awiri (15-15), omwe amateteza mizu ku zowola ndi matenda opatsirana.
7. Chomera chomera - zovuta zamchere feteleza kamodzi masiku asanu ndi awiri panthawi ya zomera.

Mukamatsatira mwatsatanetsatane njirayi, zingatheke kusonkhanitsa 1.5 makilogalamu ang'onoang'ono a tubers kuchokera ku chitsamba chimodzi. ndipo idyani mbatata zokongoletsera mumzinda.

Choncho, zipangizo zamakono zaulimi ndi njira yodalirika yowonjezeretsa kukolola kwa mbatata. Zomera za alite ndi zoyesayesa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito motsatira malamulo onse, zidzathera chiwerengero cha mbande ndi mtundu wa tubers.