Mbatata ndizofala chikhalidwe cha banja. Ndi kulima koyenera kudzakupatsani zokolola zabwino ndikudzaza mabini nthawi yonse yozizira.
Mosiyana ndi zikhalidwe zina zambiri, mbatata zimakhala zopanda nzeru kudyetsa nthawi ya kukula - chifukwa panthawiyi, zinthu zamtengo wapatali sizidzakhalanso zokwanira. Chinthu chachikulu - ndiko kusankha feteleza yoyenera pazu pamene mutabzala.
Komabe, simungagwiritse ntchito nthawi zonse nthaka yopindulitsa, popanda kumaliza micronutrients. Chaka ndi chaka, kulima chiwembu, dzikoli lawonongeka ndipo anthu okhala m'chilimwe amafunika kupitiriza kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza.
Nchifukwa chiyani mukufunikira kuthira mbatata?
Anthu okhala m'nyengo ya chilimwe, omwe amasankha kuchita zopanda zoonjezera, akhoza kudzitamandira ndowa zitatu za mbatata kuchokera kwa wina yemwe anabzala, pamene iwo omwe amagwiritsa ntchito feteleza amalandira zokolola zapakati pa khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu. Mbatata ndi ya nightshade ndipo imakonda nthaka yathanzi ndi kudyetsa.
Ndemanga zamagetsi ndi malangizo amodzi ndi sitepe kuti mugwiritse ntchito
Mbatata imakhala ndi feteleza ndi zowonjezera zowonjezera. Chomeracho chimapatsa zokonda zokhazokha zamoyo: zitosi za mbalame, manyowa, komanso zowonongeka.
Zomera zimakhala zachilendo - mitundu ya zomera yomwe ili ndi micronutrients ambiri yomwe ili yofunika kwambiri kuti kukula kwa mbatata. Oimira zakudya zoterezi amakhala: khola, nettle, nandolo ndi nyemba, rye, oats.
Nkhani yamoyo
Organic imaphatikizapo zonse zofunika kwambiri pa kukula ndi maphunziro a tubers. Chomeracho chimawoneka mosavuta, ndipo nthaka imakula kwambiri chifukwa cha mapangidwe a humus. Pamene feteleza zokhala ndi feteleza zimatayika m'nthaka, mpweya wa carbon dioxide umatulutsidwa, zomwe ndizofunika kuti zitsamba zowonjezereka komanso kuwonjezeka kwa mazira oyambitsa matenda. Taganizirani zomwe feteleza zopangidwa ndi feteleza ziri.
Wood phulusa
Phulusa ndi mankhwala apadera. Mukhoza kuwonjezerapo mwachindunji ku zitsime, komanso kubalalitsa pa sitepala mutatha kukolola. Mbatata imakonda kukula m'nthaka ndi pH yosapitirira 6.0, ndipo phulusa limapangitsa dothi kuti lisawonongeke komanso limayambitsa nthaka pH.
- Mu autumn, 120-150 magalamu a phulusa ayenera kutsanuliridwa mumtunda umodzi wa mamita m'nthaka ndi chodabwitsa cha dongo, ndiyeno owazidwa ndi dziko lapansi. M'nthaka, komwe kuli mchenga kapena malo amtundu, ndi bwino kufalitsa phulusa mumsana womwewo.
- Mukhoza kuwonjezera phulusa la 1-1.5 makilogalamu.
- Phulusa limalowetsedwa bwino pamlingo wa masikiti 1-1.5 a masewera a dzenje limodzi ndikuphatikizidwa ndi nthaka.
- Pakati pa mizere, mukhoza kuwonjezera bokosi limodzi la phulusa pansi pa chitsamba chilichonse.
Zojambula za nkhuku
Imodzi mwa njira zabwino kwambiri zodyera ndi manyowa a nkhuku.. Nthaka yokomeredwa ndi zitosi zimapatsa mphamvu zomera kukula, pachimake, kupanga mawonekedwe a mazira.
Manyowa a avian ndi fetereza yambiri yomwe imakhala yotentha ndipo ikhoza kuyaka kapena kuwononga mbewu. Koma ngati mutagwiritsa ntchito malingaliro, zidzakuthandizani kukula mbewu. Amayamwa mosavuta ndipo amachititsa nthaka kukhala ndi tsogolo.
Magwiritsidwe ntchito ka zitosi za mbalame:
- Sakanizani manyowa ndi gawo lapansi. Izi zikhoza kukhala udzu wodulidwa bwino.
- Olima wamaluwa amapanga zovala zotere pansi ngakhale m'dzinja, koma n'zotheka miyezi 1.5 asanafike.
- Kutayika kumeneku kumayambitsa ndondomeko yosangalatsa yowonjezera nayitrogeni. Ngati muwonjezera zambiri, zomera zidzakhala zapamwamba kwambiri, koma sizikupindulitsa.
Manyowa a nkhuku ali ndi miyala yambiri ya phosphate, potassium, nayitrogeni ndi calcium, kotero ndikofunika kuyesa mlingo.
Kuvala pamwamba pamwamba
Limbikitsani ndi kudyetsa mbewu yanu kudutsa masamba. Asayansi asonyeza kuti masamba a chomera amapanga zinthu zambiri zothandiza kuposa mizu. Ndi mankhwalawa, masambawo amatenga magnesium bwino, komanso nayitrogeni ndi sulufule.
Ndi bwino kupanga pepala kupopera kupyolera mwa pulvellator m'mawa ndi madzulo. Ndi kutentha kwakukulu, ntchitoyo idzagwa pansi, monga feteleza idzasuntha. Musati mutsegulire masambawo mobwerezabwereza. Tsatirani njira zowonjezeretsa. Pamene feteleza masamba ayenera kulingalira zokhudzana ndi zifukwa zambiri zomwe zingathe kuwonjezera mphamvu zake, kapena kuchepetsa kwambiri zotsatira zake pa zokolola zambiri ndi khalidwe la mankhwala.
Organo-mineral (WMD)
Zowonjezera zamadzimadzi zimapangitsa kuti azidyera bwino. Chotsitsimutsa chimenechi chidzapangitsa kuti mazira a mbatata ayambe kugwiritsidwa ntchito, kuphatikizapo zinthu zomwe zili m'nthaka.
Chimake
Zinthu zazikulu sizingatheke kutsukidwa pansi, zomwe zimalola kuti chomeracho chipeze zofunika zonse mu moyo wake wonse. Chiphona sichikhala ndi zinthu zachilengedwe ndipo ndizowonongeka kwathunthu..
Kodi mungagwiritse ntchito bwanji kudyetsa malo?
Musanafese mbatata, pellets imafalikira pa malo pa mlingo wa 120 magalamu pa mita imodzi ndi imodzi ndikumba nthaka.
Pamene mbatata ya mbeu yayamba kale kubzala, muyenera kumwa madzi bwino kuti chimphona chiyambe ndikuyamba kudya zakudya zowonjezera. Kutulukira kumachita chimodzimodzi. Fwanyani nyambo ya granulated kuzungulira malo ndikukumba.
- Kufesa. Mu dzenje iwo amagona pang'ono, pafupi ndi bokosi la masewera, granules, osakaniza ndi dziko lapansi ndi kuika mbatata.
- Kusinthanitsa ndi madzi. Pafupifupi magalamu 60 a madzi okwanira 12-lita ndikumangirira maola angapo, ndiye ankawaviika ndi kuthirira kale anabzala tubers.
Mineral
Mtundu uwu wa feteleza ndi mchere wambiri womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha mutabzala kapena mukuchita. Pamene mchere wothira mafuta akuwonjezeredwa ku dzenje la kubzala, organic feteleza nthawi zambiri amasakaniza kapena peat pang'ono wothira udzu. Tuberiferous safunika kudyetsa kokha, komanso kuteteza ku matenda osiyanasiyana. Mchere umayambitsa mavuto onsewa.
Ndikofunika kulingalira mitundu ya nthaka yomwe zowonjezera zidzawonjezeredwa.. Ngati iyo ili yachonde ndipo siidatha, ndiye kuyang'ana kwa mchere kungapweteke zomera ndikuchepetsa zokolola. Mmodzi mwa anthu otchuka wamaluwa amasangalala:
- ammonium nitrate (pafupifupi kilo imodzi pa zana mu kasupe);
- sulfate ya sulfate (1.5-2 kilogalamu imodzi mwa zana);
- double superphosphate (kilo imodzi pa zana).
Ndi mankhwala ati omwe mungapange mutabzala kumapeto kwa nyengo yokolola?
Mizu ya tuberiferous zomera imakhala pamwamba pa nthaka, choncho m'chaka ndi bwino kudyetsa mu dzenje lakudzala.
Ponena za nthawi komanso momwe mungapangire nthaka pansi pa mbatata, werengani pano, ndi momwe mungameretse mbatata mutabzala ndi pambuyo pake, zanenedwa pano.
Olima munda amakonda zakudya zamagetsi kapena kuziphatikiza ndi mchere.. Zamoyo zamoyo zili ndi zonse zomwe mumayenera kudyetsa chomera. Kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zomwe zimapangika muzitsulo zimapitirizabe pansi pa nthaka kwa nthawi yaitali, zomwe zimatulutsa nayitrogeni, potaziyamu ndi phosphorous. Zilonda za chimphona zatsimikizirika bwino.
Ndibwino kuti mukulima nthaka mutabzala?
Pamene chomeracho chimazoloŵera ndikupatsa mtundu wobiriwira, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri ndipo zimafuna feteleza. Mbatata imayenera kukhala ndi zinthu zothandiza pamaso pa tubers kucha. Kodi kutanthauzanji kuti mumudyetse?
Chovala choyamba chiyenera kukhazikitsidwa ndi organic. Zokwanira pa manyowawa kapena manyowa a mbalame. Matendawa ndi mankhwala othandiza kwambiri ndipo akhoza kuwotcha mbewu.. Pofuna kupewa izi, zothetsera madzi zimakonzedwa.
Zagawidwe:
- nkhuku kapena manyowa (mbali ziwiri);
- madzi (magawo 30).
Zamagulu anatsanulira madzi akuumiriza masiku awiri. Kuthirira njira yotere ya chomera pansi pazu kumafunika kokha pa nthaka yonyowa. Pa chitsamba chilichonse ntchito 0.7-1 lita imodzi yankho.
Pamene masamba apangidwa pa tchire, mukhoza kudyetsa chakudya. Manyowa abwino adzakhala potaziyamu sulphate phulusa (4 makapu a phulusa phulusa ndi 1.5 teaspoons ya sulphate). Kusakaniza uku kumwazikana pa mita imodzi akuthamanga.
Manyowa adzagwira bwino ngati mutayika mu dzenje pamene mubzala mbatata. Odziwa bwino wamaluwa ali ndi chidaliro kuti panthawi ya kukula ndichabechabe kudyetsa tchire: zakudya sizidzatengeka mokwanira.
Panthawi yamaluwa, supuni 1.5 za superphosphate zimabalalika pamtunda uliwonse. Ntchito iliyonse ya feteleza imagwiritsa ntchito mvula kapena kuthirira mbewu.
Mfundo yakuti ndi bwino kuthirira mbatata mutabzala mu dzenje ndipo mutatha, mukhoza kupeza apa.
Mbatata imatulutsa zinthu zonse zothandiza kuchokera pansi. Ndikofunika kubwezeretsanso malo osungirako nthaka pogwiritsa ntchito feteleza. Kuwona malamulo a kudyetsa mbatata ndikuthandizira malo anu ndi mchere, mukhoza kusangalala ndi mbewu zabwino komanso zakudya zambiri za mbatata.
