Mbewu za abambo a Chidatchi amadziwika kwambiri kwa alimi padziko lonse lapansi. Ali ndi makhalidwe monga: kumera bwino, zokolola zambiri, zabwino zakunja ndi zokoma za makhalidwe a mizu, zomera zotsutsa matenda. Mmodzi mwa oyenerera oimira kampani ya Bejo ndi Baltimore karoti F1.
Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za ma kaloti a Baltimore F1, komanso malamulo okolola ndi kusungirako.
Makhalidwe
Tsatanetsatane ndi chithunzi
Kaloti wa mitundu iyi ali ndi maonekedwe okongola ndi kukoma. Mizu yonyezimira yonyezimira imakhala yosalala bwino. Pamwamba pa karoti ndi yosalala, nsonga ndi yozungulira, khungu ndi loonda. Kutalika kwa chipatso ndi 20-25 cm, makulidwe ndi 3-5 masentimita. Kulemera kwa chipatso ndi 200-220g. Nyama ndi yowutsa mudyo, pachimake ndi yopyapyala. Lekani mawonekedwe amphamvu otsatidwa. Chomera mumtundu umenewu chimakula kufika masentimita 40.
Onani zithunzi zambiri za Baltimore F1 zosiyanasiyana.
Ndi mtundu wotani?
Zophatikiza ndi za mitundu "Berlikum-Nantes" ndi khalidwe kwa iye wopusa mizu masamba. M'litali ndi m'lifupi, amaposa "Nantes" zosiyanasiyana.
Mitengo ya fructose ndi beta carotene
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yotchuka chifukwa cha zakudya zamtengo wapatali, zakudya ndi machiritso. 100 g ya kaloti muli:
- fructose 7.0 - 7.5%;
- Nkhani yowuma 11.5 - 12.5%;
- beta carotene pafupifupi 22.5 mg.
Nthawi yofesa
Dyetsani kuyambira April mpaka May. Angabzalidwe patsiku lomaliza. Kaloti adzakhala ndi nthawi yolemera ndikupanga mawonekedwe a mizu.
Kukolola koyambirira, kufesa kwachitika kumapeto kwa autumn.
Kumera
Mbewu ili ndi kumera bwino, kukhala ndi zokolola zabwino ndi kukoma kwabwino ndi malonda a zamalonda.
Kulemera kwa mizu
Muzuwo umachokera ku 0.15 mpaka 0.25 kg, ndipo pafupifupi 0.2 kg.
Kukonzekera kuchokera pa ha 1
Kukonzekera pa kalasi iyi ndipamwamba kwambiri. Zokolola pa hekita ndi 336 - 604 okhalapo.
Kusankhidwa ndi kusunga khalidwe
Wosakanizidwa ali ndi zokolola zambiri ndipo, motero, amagwiritsidwa ntchito palimodzi m'minda yachindunji ndi kulima mafakitale. Kaloti amitundu imeneyi amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga timadziti, mbatata yosenda, chakudya cha ana. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pophika, kutsimikiziridwa bwino pozizira ndi kumalongeza.
Mbewuyo imakhala ndi maulendo ataliatali ndipo imakhala ndi khalidwe labwino lokusunga. Pokumbukira kutentha kwake ndi chinyezi zimatha kusungidwa mpaka kukolola kwatsopano. Mndandandawu wapangidwa kuti ukhale wosungirako nthawi yaitali.
Zigawo zaulimi
Karoti zosiyanasiyana Baltimore F1 wakula m'madera awa:
- Central.
- Central Black Earth dera.
- Kumadzulo chakumadzulo.
- Kumadzulo kwa Siberia.
- East Siberia.
- Far East.
- Volgo-Vyatka.
- Lower Volga ndi Ural.
Zokolola zapamwamba zakhala zikukwaniritsidwa mu chigawo chapakati cha Russia. Ndiponso, zosiyanasiyanazi zimapezeka ku Belarus, Moldova ndi Ukraine.
Kusankha malo
Baltimore F1 yakula m'munda wamtundu uliwonse, malinga ndi kupezeka kwa dothi lotayirira ndipo palibe mdima. Koma kaloti akhoza kukhala wamkulu osati kuthengo, komanso greenhouses. Zosangalatsa za kulima kotereku zidzakhala zakusakaniza koyambirira kusiyana ndi malo otseguka. Mpweya wobiriwira uyenera kukhala pamalo a dzuwa komanso mpweya wokwanira.
Kukaniza matenda ndi tizirombo
Kaloti wa zosiyanasiyanazi amatsutsa bwino matenda ndi tizirombo. Masambawa ali ndi mphamvu zotsutsana ndi matenda a fungal ndi powdery mildew, ndipo muzu wa mbeu superekedwa kwa nematode, zomwe zingathe kuchepetsa zokolola.
Kaloti nthawi zambiri amakhudzidwa ndi zowuma, zoyera ndi imvi zowola. Pofuna kupewa matendawa, potashi ndi feteleza feteleza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kunthaka, masamba amathandizidwa ndi Bordeaux osakaniza. Tizilombo timaphatikizapo karoti kutuluka. Mphutsi zake zimamera m'nthaka ndikuyambitsa mizu. Mankhwala monga Actellic, Decis Profi ndi Arrivo akulimbana nawo kwambiri.
Kutulutsa
Ndizosiyana mitundu ya sing'anga yakucha. Kuchokera pomwe mphukira imayamba kukolola, zimatengera pafupifupi masiku 100. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yoyenera kupanga mapulala oyambirira, omwe masiku 90 ali okwanira.
Nthaka
Amayesetsa kukhala osadziletsa komanso osasamala. Kuwala, kukonzedwa bwino ndi dothi lachonde, monga loams, ndiloyenera kulikula. Ngati dothi lili lovuta komanso losasunthika, limathandizidwa ndi kuwonjezera mchenga, peat, utuchi.
Frost kukana
Iwo ali ndi chisanu chotsutsa, amalekerera kuzizira. Malingana ndi kutentha kofunikira ndi chinyezi chingasungidwe mpaka kukolola kwatsopano. Zokwanira kumadera ambiri ku Russia.
Baltimore F1, mosiyana ndi mitundu ina, ndi yabwino kwa nyengo yozizira.
- Mbewu imafesedwa pakati pa mwezi wa November, mizere imakhala ndi nthaka youma.
- Mabedi apamwamba amadzazidwa ndi peat kapena humus.
- Pamene chipale chogwera pa bedi chimapanga snowball kuteteza kuledzera kwa mbewu.
Mbiri yobereka
Mitundu ya Baltimore F1 yosiyanasiyana inayambitsidwa ndi kampani ya Dutch breeding Bejo. Mtundu uwu ndi mbali ya gulu la mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu ya Berlikum / Nantes. Chisankhocho chinapangidwa chifukwa cha otchuka a Nandrin F1 osiyanasiyana pakati pa alimi.
Akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo asintha zosiyana siyana za makolo, kuzidutsa ndi mitundu ina, kuwongolera khalidwe lake ndi kuonjezera kukana kwa nsonga za matenda. Mtundu wosakanizidwawu uli ndi kukoma kokoma. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pophika kuphika komanso pokonzekera juisi kwa ana ndi zakudya.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana Baltimore F1 - wosakanizidwa wa m'badwo woyamba. Mbeu zomwe zimachokera ku (mbadwo wachiwiri) zimapereka zokolola zochepa za kaloti. Choncho, mbeu ziyenera kugulidwa kuchokera kwa wopanga.
Kodi kusiyana kotani ndi mitundu ina?
- Kupsa msanga.
- Mbewu yazomera ndi yaitali komanso yochuluka.
- Kulimbana kwambiri ndi matenda ambiri ndi tizirombo.
- Oyenera kuyeretsa thirakitala.
- Kukula monga chikhalidwe cha kusungirako nthawi yaitali.
- Zopindulitsa kwambiri.
- Zovuta kwambiri.
Mphamvu ndi zofooka
- Kukoma kwachulukidwe ndi juiciness za zipatso, khungu lawo loonda.
- Zili ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira komanso mtundu wa lalanje.
- Pamwamba pa mankhwala a carotene.
- Kutsekedwa kwakucha.
- Kusintha kwapamwamba kwa ntchito.
- Kukana kwa kayendedwe ka nthawi yaitali ndi kusungirako
Kukula
Karoti mitundu Baltimore F1 anabzala kumayambiriro kasupe kapena pamaso yozizira. Kubzala mbewu imasankha dothi losasunthika ndi losakaniza. Dothi lopepuka powonjezera mchenga, peat kapena utuchi. Kufika kuyenera kukhala dzuwa. Pofesa mbewu, mabedi a masentimita 20-25 m'kukwera amapangidwa, kotero kuti kulemera kwa nthaka yosanjikiza kudutsa kutalika kwa muzu mbewu.
Mbewu za zosiyanazi zimabzalidwa m'mizera 20 cm kupatula wina ndi mzake. Kutsika kwa groove ndi 2-3 masentimita, mtunda pakati pa mbewu ndi masentimita 4. Nthaka imasowa kumasula nthawi zonse.
Kutaya nthawi ziwiri:
- 2 milungu itatha;
- ndiye masiku ena khumi.
Zosiyana siyana za Baltimore F1 sizifuna kudyetsa kwina pa nyengo yokula.
Kusonkhanitsa ndi kusungirako
- Musanayambe kukolola mizu yophika, malowa amathiridwa madzi. Kusuntha nthaka kumapangitsa kuti kaloti ikhale pamwamba. Mbalame ya Baltimore F1 ndi yodalirika, nsonga zapamwamba, ndipo kukolola kumachitika mwanjira zamakono.
- Kaloti zouma zouma kwa masiku angapo, kenaka amasankhidwa. Masamba oonongeka amakoledwa kuti asatenge kachilombo koyambitsa matenda ena. Nsongazo zachotsedwa kwathunthu.
- Khwerero lotsatira - kaloti amasamutsidwa m'chipinda momwe kutentha kumasungidwa kuchokera ku -2 mpaka +2 madigiri ndipo kutentha kwa mpweya ndi 90-95%.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
- Zouma zowola - mycosis, momwe mbali yoyamba ya mbali zamlengalenga imakhudzira, ndipo kenako, mizu.
- Vuto loyera - Zimakhudza mizu.
- Grey kuvunda - Matenda a fungalule omwe amawononga kaloti.
- Karoti ntchentche Kulowetsedwa kwa adyo kapena anyezi kumenyana bwino.
Kukula ndi mavuto
Kulima bwino kaloti kumabweretsa matenda komanso imfa ya mbewu yonse.
Pofuna kuteteza maonekedwe a zowola muzu, muyenera kutsatira malamulo awa:
- Sangathe kubzalidwa m'nyengo yozizira komanso yamvula;
- manyowa mokwanira;
- kukolola nyengo yamvula;
- Musalole kutentha kwapamwamba kusungirako.
Kumalo kumene zipatso za karoti zinakhudzidwa ndi mycosis, chaka chamawa, musanayambe kubzala mbeu, ziyenera kuchitidwa kuti zisawonongeke za mycotic spores:
- Chitani mankhwala oyamba kufesa mbewu;
- deoxidize nthaka;
- onetsetsani agrotechnical njira zosinthira maekala;
- nthawi yochepetsera mbewu;
- pewani zowonjezera mavitamini;
- madzulo a kusonkhanitsa kwa mizu mbewu, ndondomeko kaloti Bordeaux.
Mitundu yofanana
Pali mitundu yambiri ya kaloti, yomwe ili yofanana ndi Baltimore F1. Izi zikuphatikizapo mitundu:
- Artek.
- Kutsegula.
- Nandrin F1.
- Napoli F1.
- Nelly F1.
- Lydia F1.
- Belle.
- Tushon ndi Bunny Chokoleti.
Mitundu yonseyi ndi kukula msinkhu. Mtundu wa muzu ndi wofiira wa lalanje, mawonekedwe a chipatso ali ozungulira ndi mapeto ake. Mphuno ndi yopyapyala, zamkati ndi yowutsa mudyo, nsongazo ndizolimba. Zosiyanasiyana zimagonjetsedwa ndi kusweka.
Mitundu ya Baltimore ndi yopanda ulemu, imapereka zokolola zambiri m'nthawi yochepa, yoyenera kusungirako nthawi yaitali. Ndizofunika kwambiri pakati pa alimi. Kaloti zamtengo wapatali zimasonyeza kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Dutch kuswana Baltimore F1 - imodzi mwa zabwino kwambiri.
