Makhalidwe abwino a Moscow yozizira kaloti ndi zozizwitsa za kulima kwake

Pakali pano, pali mitundu yambiri ya kaloti, yofesedwa kasupe, ina yozizira. Ma karoti ena amakula kuti asungidwe kwa nthawi yayitali, ena amawotchera, ndipo gawo lachitatu limagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa maswiti owopsa.

Kaloti ali ndi mavitamini ndi zinthu zambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisakhale zokoma zokoma, komanso zothandiza.

Ambiri wamaluwa amafesa kaloti m'nyengo yozizira, ndipo anthu odziwa bwino kwambiri amasankha nyengo zosiyanasiyana za ku Russia. Zambiri zokhudza izi zikufotokozedwa m'nkhaniyi.

Makhalidwe apadera ndi kufotokozera zosiyanasiyana

• Maonekedwe. Moscow nyengo yozizira ndi yaitali, yosasunthika mizu yozungulira. Kaloti amakhala osalala, ali ndi maso ochepa okha. Mtundu umakhala wowala lalanje, mutu kumapeto kwa nyengo yosakaniza ukhoza kusintha mtundu kukhala wobiriwira kapena wofiirira. Kutalika 15-18 masentimita. Ali ndi maziko ozungulira, ang'onoang'ono kukula, zamkati ndi zokoma komanso zowutsa.
• Ndi mtundu wamtundu wanji?. Kaloti wa Moscow ndi a Chantenay. Kaloti za zosiyanasiyana ndi zokoma zokoma. Zipatso sizidutsa masentimita 20 m'litali, kukhala ndi pakati ndi mphuno yosamveka.
• Mitengo ya fructose ndi beta carotene. Kuchuluka kwa fructose mu chisanu cha Moscow kumasiyanasiyana kuyambira 7 mpaka 8%, carotene siidapitilira 13 mg.
• Nthawi yofesa. Moscow nyengo yozizira imayamba kubzala pamene mpweya kutentha ukutsikira ku madigiri 5.
• Mbewu kumera. Kumera kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyanayi ndi pafupifupi 85% ya mbeu zonse.
• Kulemera kwa 1 mizu. Kulemera kwake kwa muzu pafupifupi 90-170 gr.
• Kodi zokolola za 1 ha ndi zotani?. Zowonjezera zokolola pa hekitala ndi pafupifupi matani 30. Mtengo wake uli pafupifupi matani 100.
• Gulu la ntchito ndi kusunga khalidwe. Moscow nyengo yozizira imagwiritsidwa ntchito palimodzi kwa nthawi yaitali yosungirako kapena spins, ndi yatsopano. Mtengo wosungirako ndi wabwino, mtundu uwu wa karoti, wokhala yosungirako bwino, umadutsa nyengo yonse yozizira popanda mavuto.
• Zigawo zikukula. Mitengo yosiyanasiyana ya kaloti ikhoza kukula paliponse ku Russia, komanso Belarus ndi Ukraine. Kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kufesa m'malo ozizira, mwachitsanzo, m'dera la Leningrad, mumzinda wa Urals, ku Siberia kapena m'chigawo cha Moscow.
• Kumene akulimbikitsidwa kukula. Kaloti amakula pamtunda, m'nyengo yozizira kwambiri, imakhala yotentha ndi peat.
• Kukaniza matenda ndi tizirombo. Karoti yozizira ya ku Moscow imakhala yotsutsana ndi tizirombo ndi matenda.
• Kutulutsa. Nthawi yakucha ikusiyana ndi masiku 60 mpaka 120 malinga ndi kutentha kwa mpweya ndi nthaka.
• Ndi mtundu wanji wa nthaka wokonda. Mtundu uwu wa karoti umakonda bwino kwambiri, nthaka yopanda ndale. Kutentha kwa dothi sikuyenera kukhala madigiri 7 panthawi yobzala mbewu.
• Frost kukana. Mbewu za karotizi ndizozizira kwambiri ndipo saopa kutentha, komabe, zimapirira kupirira kozizira kuposa madigiri -4, choncho m'madera okhala ndi mabedi ogulitsa ndi kaloti ayenera kutenthedwa ndi peat.

Mbiri yobereka.

Louis de Vilmorin anapeza kale mtundu wa Shantane mmbuyo mwake mu 1856, adafotokoza mitundu yomwe ikukula tsopano. Mvula yozizira yotchedwa Moscow inamangidwa patangopita nthawi pang'ono, itadutsa ndi nyengo yozizira mitundu yambiri ya kaloti kuti igwirizane ndi kutentha. Poyamba, iwo ankakulira mumzinda wa Moscow okha, koma kenako unadzakhala wotchuka kumadera ambiri akumpoto.

Kodi kusiyana kotani ndi mitundu ina?

Komanso Moscow nyengo yozizira imakhala ndi carotene yambiri, yomwe imasungidwa ngakhale pamene kaloti imakhala m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba kwa nthawi yaitali. Mitundu yosiyanasiyanayi ndi yoyenera kumwa mowa, komanso kupotoza, saladi, yosungirako.

Mphamvu ndi zofooka

Kuipa:

• Moscow kaloti wachisanu salola kulema nthawi;
• utakula nthawi yaitali.

Maluso:

• Kupewa matenda ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda;
• kukana tsvetushnosti;
• kusunga khalidwe (kaloti akhoza kuyembekezera mpaka nthawi yawo mpaka chilimwe);
• zokolola zazikulu (pafupifupi 5-7 makilogalamu pa 1 mita imodzi);
• zokonda za mizu mbewu ndi kupereka kaloti;
• kudzichepetsa;
• Mbeu imafesedwa kasupe komanso m'nyengo yozizira.

Zizindikiro za kukula

Moscow yozizira kaloti anabzala pambuyo nkhaka ndi zukini, kapena kumapeto kwa mwezi wa October, pamene kutentha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kumadutsa madigiri 5. Ndibwino kuti deralo liwone bwino ndi dzuŵa, nthaka iyenera kukhala yachonde komanso yosakanikirana, itithandiza kukwaniritsa zokolola zambiri.

Chotsatira chachikulu cha Moscow nyengo yozizira chidzapereka pa loam yolima. Mbewu imalekerera onse chisanu ndi chisanu chopanda chipale chofewa. Mukamabzala m'nyengo yozizira, dzikolo liyenera kugulidwa, kumapeto kwa nyengo zidzakhala zofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mulch ndi ulimi wothirira.

Kukolola ndi kusungirako

Kuti mumvetse ngati mwanayo ali wokhwima sali ovuta. Pambuyo kucha, muzu wa mbeu umadzaza ndi mizu yaing'ono, mtundu wake umakhala wofiira-lalanje. Amachotsedwa mosavuta pansi. Kawirikawiri kusasitsa kumachitika pakati kapena kumapeto kwa September.

Kukolola kuli koyenera kusonkhanitsa nyengo yadzuwa isanakhale isanayambe isanayambike chisanu. Moscow nyengo yozizira imagwirizana ndi makina owonongeka, kaloti zowonongeka sizidzasungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali. Chomeracho chimadulidwa mwamsanga. Kaloti omwe amayenera kusungirako nthawi yaitali sangathe kusambitsidwa kapena kutsukidwa ku dothi.

Pambuyo kukolola, kaloti amapangidwa mu chipinda chabwino cha mpweya kuti aume, ndiyeno amasamutsidwa kwa masiku asanu ndi asanu ndi asanu ndi limodzi (5-6) m'chipinda chozizira. Pambuyo pa njirayi, kaloti akhoza kuikidwa mu mabokosi ndi kutumizidwa kuti asungidwe kosatha mu kanyumba kapansi kapena m'chipinda chapansi.

Matenda ndi tizirombo

Nkhuku zazikuluzikulu zomwe zimakhudza kaloti za ku Moscow:

• pepala la ambulera;
• karoti ntchentche;
• kabichi supu

Matenda:

• Alternaria;
• fomoz.

Kukula ndi mavuto

Limbani zowola

Kaloti zowola si zabwino kwa chakudya, mizu imeneyi iyenera kuwonongedwa. Mulimonsemo musachoke kaloti zokhudzana ndi zowola kuti zisungidwe, zidzapitirira kuvunda ndikupatsira mizu ina.

Ngati kaloti ikhoza kuvunda, musanabzala chaka chamawa muyenera kutenga zowononga:

1. Nthani mbeu musanafese.
2. Kuchepetsa acidity ya nthaka ndi manyowa, kuti nthaka ikhale yochuluka kwambiri.
3. Sinthani malo obzala kaloti.
4. Pa zoonda kunja mbewu.
5. Pa kuthirira mbewu, mabedi sangathe kukhala ouma komanso osadzaza.
6. Pewani feteleza ndi nayitrogeni, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza phosphorous-potassium.
7. Mwezi umodzi usanakolole zomera ayenera kuchiritsidwa Bordeaux madzi.

Ming'alu mu mizu

1. Pofuna kubweretsa nthaka mu dongosolo, gwiritsani ntchito sapropel.
2. Kuthirira kumachitika 2-3 pa sabata, koma nthaka imadzaza ndi 20-25 masentimita.
3. Pewani kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza zamchere.

Maonekedwe osazolowereka

Zomera zoterezi zimadya komanso sizimataya kukoma kwake, koma zimasungidwa bwino. Kuti musasinthe mawonekedwe a kaloti muyenera:

1. Peŵani kuyambitsa manyowa atsopano musanadzalemo.
2. Pangani nthaka kuti imere.
3. Kaloti madzi madzi 2-3 pa sabata.

Mizu yambiri

"Katsamba" kaloti sizimataya kukoma kwawo ndipo zimaloledwa kudya, koma sizingasungidwe kwa nthawi yaitali.

Kuchotsa kukula kwa mizu ndikokwanira:

1. Mukamasula pansi.
2. Sinthani kuthirira.
3. Pangani dothi kukhala lachonde kwambiri.

Kukoma kowawa

Ngati karotiyo inkawawa, zikutanthauza kuti njira yake yosamalirako inaphwanyidwa. Kuti karoti inali yokoma ndi yowutsa mudyo, muyenera:

1. Pa spud.
2. Sinthani kuthirira.
3. Musaiwale za kupatulira.
4. Mizu yomwe inatuluka pansi iyenera kukhala yokutidwa ndi dziko lapansi.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ndiwo zamasamba

• Kalasi "Niiok 336" Zosiyanasiyanazi zikufanana ndi mawonekedwe a Moscow nyengo, kutalika ndi kulemera kwake, komanso ali ndi ubwino wosunga khalidwe ndi mkulu wa carotene. Amapereka zokolola zambiri.
• Kalasi "Mfumu" komanso nyengo yozizira ya Moscow imodzi imagonjetsedwa ndi tsvetushnosti, yosungidwa mpaka nyengo yachilimwe, imapereka zokolola zambiri. Ili ndi thupi lokoma ndi yowutsa madzi komanso kukula kwake mpaka masentimita 170.
• Zosiyanasiyana "Samsoni" Kuphuka kumachitika mkati mwa masiku 120 mutabzala, amasungidwa bwino, pafupifupi kutalika ndi pafupifupi masentimita 150. Zomera za mphukira ndi zokoma komanso zowutsa mudyo. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yodzichepetsa komanso yogonjetsedwa ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
• Sakani "Gulchatay" Kutalika kumakhala ndi katundu wothandiza, kusungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, yoyenera mtundu uliwonse wa processing, komanso kusungirako nthawi yayitali ndi mwatsopano.

Moscow nyengo yozizira inalibeiwala ndi wamaluwa. Ali ndi ubwino wambiri, uli ndi mavitamini ambiri. Ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito paliponse, m'mipini, chakudya cha ana, kuphika tsiku ndi tsiku. Ndipo chisamaliro choyenera ndi kubzala nthawi ndi kukolola kudzathandiza kukwaniritsa zokolola zabwino. Kaloti zoterezi zidzakondwera nonse m'nyengo yozizira.