Kukula mbatata ku nyumba. Momwe mungamerekere tomato?

Kodi mungabzala bwanji phwetekere pa mbande? Funsoli linafunsidwa kwa aliyense wamaluwa omwe adafuna kukula tomato, monga akunena, kuyambira pachiyambi. Ndondomekoyi ikuwoneka yosavuta, koma popanda kudziwa zofunika, zidzakhala zovuta kukula mbewu ya tomato.

Ntchitoyi idzafuna khama komanso kuleza mtima, komabe ngakhale munthu wokhala ndi mphindi zouluka m'nyengo ya chilimwe amatha kuchidziwa. M'nkhani ino tiyesa kufufuza njira yonse yobzala mozama kwambiri momwe tingathere kuti ngakhale oyamba ayambe kumvetsa zonse ndipo adziwe momwe angabzalitsire tomato.

Malangizowo ambiri a kubzala tomato kunyumba

Pamene mukukula mbande kunyumba kudziwa tsiku lenileni la kufesa mbewu ndilofunika kwambiri, mwinamwake, nthawi yomwe tomato yabzalidwa pansi, mmerawo mwina ukhale wofooka kapena wochuluka kale.

Nthaŵi yobzala tomato imadalira nyengo ndi nyengo. Choncho, nthawi zambiri:

• kumadera akumwera a Russia Bzalani tomato kuyambira February 20 mpaka March 15;
• m'chigawo chapakati - kuyambira pa March 15 mpaka pa 1 April;
• kumpoto (Siberia, Urals) - kuyambira April 1 mpaka 15.

Musanafese mbewu, m'pofunika kuwoneratu kumene mbande zidzakula.. Ndi bwino ngati ali ndi windows windows kumwera kapena kumadzulo. N'zotheka kuti mu nyengo yoipa (nthawi zonse kuwonongeka) pakufunika kuunikira kwina kwa mbande, choncho fitolamp iyenera kugula.

Kusankha Mbewu

Kusankhidwa kwa mbeu kuyenera kuyandikira moyenera. Ndikofunika kuwatenga m'masitolo apadera kapena kwa ogulitsa omwe ali ndi zolemba zonse zofunikira kuti atsimikizire kukhala ndi katundu wabwino. Musagule pa trays mumsewu kapena kusintha: zinthu zofanana kusungira mbewu sizomwe zimakhala (kutentha, chinyezi, etc.).

Musanapite ku mbewu, muyenera kusankha: ndi tomato uti omwe muyenera kugula (wamtali kapena wamfupi), mitundu yambiri yomwe mungakonde, ndi mbewu yochuluka yotani. Mwachidziwikire, zonsezi zimachokera kumakhalidwe a kumbuyo kwa nyumba kapena kutentha (malo, zolemba za nthaka, etc.).

Sitolo ayenera kumvetsera kwa wopanga, ndipo chofunikira kwambiri - panthawi yosungirako. Mbewu, zomwe ziri zoposa zaka ziwiri, ndi bwino kuti musagule. Ngati palibe njira zina, ndiye kuti chodzala chiyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala ndi kukanidwa ndi khalidwe labwino.

Kulimbana ndi ntchitoyi bwinobwino kuthandizira njira zotsatirazi:

1. mu madzi okwanira 1 litre kusakaniza 30 - 40 magalamu a mchere;
2. onetsetsani mbeu yomwe idagulidwa muzothetsera mphindi khumi;
3. Mbeu zomwe zimakhala pamwamba pamtunda ziyenera kutayidwa, ndipo zitsime ziyenera kusankhidwa ndi kuchapidwa ndi madzi abwino.

Kukana kumayenera kuchitika madzulo a kufesa mbewu pansi.

Kukonzekera ndi kukonzekera kubwerera

Mbewu za odziwika bwino samafunikira nthawi yothandizira, koma mbewu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kapena kugula pamsika, ndibwino kuti musanayambe kuika mankhwala.

• Izi zingatheke powabatiza mu 1% ya potassium permanganate (1 g pa 100 ml ya madzi) kwa mphindi 20-30; patatha nthawi, mbewu ziyenera kutsukidwa ndi madzi.
• Njira ina: kwa tsiku, mbewuyi imayikidwa mu soda ya 0,5% (0,5 magalamu pa 100 ml ya madzi).
• Mukhoza kupanga mbeu ndi njira yothetsera Fitosporin (madzi okwanira 1 100 pa madzi 100), kuwasunga m'madzi kwa maola 1 mpaka 2.

Kuonjezera chiwerengero cha mbeu kumera, amatha kusungidwa (Appin, Zircon, Heteroauxin, etc.); njira yobereketsera ndi nthawi ya ndondomeko - malingana ndi malangizo. Alimi ena amagwiritsira ntchito njira yowerengeka: imani mbeu mu njira yothetsera madzi aloe (1: 1) kapena madzi a uchi (1 tsp pa chikho cha madzi).

Bzalani mbeu zingakhale zowuma ndi kumera, koma njira yachiwiri ndi yabwino. Kuyamera kudzafunika:

• msuzi;
• nsalu, gauze kapena pepala.

1. Nsaluyo imakonzedwa, imayikidwa muwonekedwe lowongolera pa sausita, pa iyo mbewu ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana imatsanuliridwa ndi kufalikidwa pamwamba, chidebecho chimapangidwa ndi chivindikiro cha pulasitiki kapena thumba la pulasitiki ndi kuyika malo otentha kwa maola 10-12.
2. Mbeu yotupa imayenera kufesedwa nthawi yomweyo.
3. Mukhoza kuwasunga pa sausita kwa masiku atatu kapena asanu, pomwe mbeuyo iyenera kumera, ndipo muyenera kusamala kwambiri mutabzala kuti musaswe mphukira.

Nthaka

Chigawo chachikulu cha gawo logulidwa ndi peatndi alimi ambiri omwe ali ndi zamasamba, amawonjezera munda wa dothi kapena dothi lonse la maluwa mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 1, komanso ufa wa dolomite kapena choko (1 - 2 tbsp pa 10 l gawo lapansi).

Mbande zimakula pamtunda pa munda wawo wokhala ndi ndiwo zamasamba, zikagwiritsidwa ntchito kumalo otseguka, osakhala ndi nkhawa, ndipo, motero, mizu imakhala yosavuta komanso yofulumira.

Kwa omwe akufuna kukonzekera nthaka ndi manja awo, mukhoza kupereka zotsatirazi:

• Munda wa dothi, peat, humus ndi wosakaniza mbali, phulusa laling'ono ndi feteleza zovuta zimaphatikizidwa ku osakaniza.
• Malo odyera amtundu, mullein (4: 1: 0,25). Pa malita 10 a osakaniza, 3 malita a mchenga wouma, 10 magalamu a ammonium nitrate, 1 - 1.5 magalamu a potaziyamu kloride, 2 magalamu atatu a superphosphate akuwonjezeredwa.
• 1 gawo la humus, peat, turf nthaka yosakaniza, kuwonjezera pa 10 malita a osakaniza 1.5 tbsp. phulusa, 3 tbsp. superphosphate, 1 tbsp. sulfate ya potaziyamu ndi 1 tsp urea.

Mtengo woyenera wa nthaka acidity ndi 5.5 - 6.0 pH. Dziko lapansi liyenera kuwonongedwa! Pachifukwachi, nthaka ikhoza kuwerengedwa mu uvuni (+ 180С - + 200С kwa mphindi 30), kukhetsedwa ndi madzi otentha kapena yowala pinki yankho la potaziyamu permanganate, lopangidwa ndi fungicides molingana ndi malangizo.

Nthaka kawirikawiri imayambidwanso, masiku 10 mpaka 12 isanafike tsiku lodzala. Pambuyo pa disinfection, dothi liyenera kusakanizidwa ndi kuchoka kutentha kutentha kumene kuli zamoyo zowonongeka.

Kusankhidwa kwa Mphamvu

Monga chidebe chofesa mbewu, mungagwiritse ntchito mapepala apadera, mapiritsi a peat kapena miphika, komanso njira zosapangidwira: makapu apulasitiki ndi zida zodyera, mabokosi osaya, akugwedezeka mosamala kuchokera pa mbale kapena plywood. Mulimonsemo, mabowo omwe ali pansi ayenera kupanga m'matangi onse, omwe angathandize kuti madzi asamakhale owonjezera.

Mpaka wabwino kwambiri wa mabokosi ayenera kukhala 8-10 cm.. Musagwiritse ntchito zida zamakono zambiri, chifukwa nthawi yonse ya kukula kwa mbande ziyenera kusunthidwa kuchokera kumalo kupita kumalo angapo.

Zakudya zotayika sizikusowa mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mowa.

Momwe mungabzalidwe?

Mu mapiritsi a peat

Njira imeneyi imathandiza kuti mukhale ndi mbande zamphamvu komanso zathanzi. Mukamabzala pamalo otseguka kapena wowonjezera kutentha, chomeracho chikhoza kuikidwa ndi piritsi.

1. Pulogalamu yomwe ili ndi mamita masentimita 4 kuti idzaze madzi otentha kale kuti ayambe kutupa.
2. Pambuyo poyeretsa madzi owonjezera, ikani mapiritsi mu chidebe chowonetsetsa, chimene chidzasungira mankhwala onse a peat.
3. Bzalani 2-4 mbewu za tomato mu piritsi lililonse (ngati mtundu wa mbewu sungayambe kukayikira, ndiye wina angagwiritsidwe ntchito). Kuti tichite izi, kupweteka pang'ono kumapangidwira pamtanda ndi chala (1 cm), kumene mbewu imayikidwa.
4. Kuchokera pamwamba kulikonse kukuya kuli ndi dothi kapena vermiculite.
5. Bokosili liri ndi chivindikiro choonekera kapena pulasitiki.
6. Mphamvu imayikidwa pamalo otentha (+ 23C - + 25C).

Onerani kanema kothandiza ponena za kukula mbande za tomato mu mapiritsi a peat:

Mu chidebe kapena chidebe china

Njira yachidule yofesera, yomwe imapereka malo oyendetsera matanki.

1. Pansi ayenera kuthiridwa madzi okwanira 0,5 masentimita (miyala yaying'ono, tsamba la eggshell).
2. Masentimita 8 mpaka 10 masentimita amatsetsereka mu thanki, zimayambitsidwa bwino ndi madzi ofunda.
3. Grooves ndi kuya kwa 1 masentimita amapangidwa pamwamba, mtunda pakati pawo ndi 3-4 masentimita.
4. Mbewu razlazhivayutsya pamtunda wa 1 - 2 masentimita, amawaza pamwamba pa nthaka ndi wothira utsi.
5. Chophimbacho chiyenera kuphimbidwa ndi galasi kapena chivindikiro, kenaka chiyikidwa pamalo otentha (+ 25C - + 30C).

Timapereka kuwonera kanema pa kukula kwa mbande za phwetekere mwanjira yachidule:

Kufesa mu "chidole"

Njirayi idzapangitsa kusunga malo: kuchuluka kwa mbeu zimatha kukula pamadera ochepa.

1. Polyethylene iyenera kudulidwa kuti ikhale yojambulira masentimita 10, kutalika kwa mapepalawo ndizosankha.
2. Papepala lachikopa kapena tepi ya pamphepete ya mapepala, yomwe imayikidwa pamwamba pa filimuyo, imadulidwa n'kupanga zofanana.
3. Pulogalamu yamapepala iyenera kukhala yosakanikirana ndi kukula kwa mankhwala.
4. Mbewu ziyenera kufalitsidwa pa pepala (pafupi ndi mbali imodzi) pamtunda wa 3 - 4 cm.
5. Pamwamba pa nyembazo zili ndi mapepala ena ndi mapulasitiki.
6. Tepiyo imayenera kupotozedwa mu mpukutu ndi kuyikidwa mu kapu ya pulasitiki. Kuti musunge malo mu galasi limodzi, mukhoza kuika zingapo zingapo nthawi yomweyo.
7. Madzi ayenera kutsanulira pansi (1-1.5 masentimita), kuphimba tanki ndi thumba la pulasitiki ndi mabowo okwera mlengalenga ndi malo pamalo otentha.

Penyani kanema pazadzala mbande za phwetekere mu "diaper":

Inde, mukhoza kugula mbande zokonzedwa bwino, koma kukoma kwa tomato wochokera ku mbewu ndi manja awo ndi kokoma kwambiri ndi tastier.