Dziwani kwa chilimwe wokhalamo: momwe mungabzalitsire tomato pa mbande mabokosi

Woyang'anira munda wa zamasamba, yemwe adasankha kukula mbande za phwetekere ndi manja ake, akukumana ndi mavuto ambiri.

Imodzi mwa mavuto ofunika kwambiri kwa wamaluwa ambiri ndi kusankha komwe kubzala mbewu ndi kumene kumera mbande, makamaka popeza njira zambiri zatsopano, zodabwitsa kwambiri posachedwapa zawonekera.

M'nkhani ino, tikambirana njira yowonjezera ya mbande, yomwe wokhala m'nyengo ya chilimwe ayenera kuyamba njira yake mu "bizinesi" ndipo tidzayankha funso - mabokosi omwe ndi bwino kudzala tomato.

Kufotokozera za njira yakukula tomato

Kufesa mbewu za phwetekere mu mabokosi ndikulengedwa ngati njira imodzi yakale kwambiri.. Zomwe zimayambira ndi izi: Mbeu zokonzedweratu zimagawidwa pamtunda wina pamwamba pa nthaka, zomwe zili ndi nthaka komanso zowonjezeredwa ndi filimu kuti zikhazikitse kutentha.

Pambuyo kumera, malo obisala amachotsedwa, ndipo zomera zachinyamata zimaperekedwa mosamala.

Kuti mudziwe zambiri. Mitengo yayitali kwambiri pakati pa mbewu, zomera zowonjezereka zingathe kukhalabe mu bokosi popanda kuwonongeka kwa mizu yawo. Koma mulimonsemo, njira iyi ikuphatikizapo kumera mbande, zomwe zingapangidwe muzitsulo zokha kapena mu chidebe chomwecho.

Monga njira iliyonse, Njira yofesera mbeu mabokosi ili ndi ubwino wake. Njira iyi yakukula tomato imakupatsani kukula kwa mbande, koma ngati mumayimitsa ndi kusankha, mbande pakati pa mizere idzakhala yotsala popanda kuwala. Mbewu zomwe zimabzala mu chidebe chimodzi zimakhala zosavuta kuzisamalira, koma panthawi imodzimodzi, ngati mmera umodzi uli wodwala, kuopseza mbeu yonseyo ndi kwakukulu mokwanira.

Chithunzi

Onani zithunzi za mbatata m'mabokosi:

Zochepa za mphamvu

Mabulasitiki kapena matabwa a matabwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mbande.. Yoyamba ikhoza kugulidwa pa sitolo yapadera, matabwa angapangidwe ndiwekha kuchokera ku mbale kapena plywood. Mapindu ndi machitidwe ali ndi mitundu iyi.

Zoonadi, bokosi la matabwa ndi chidebe chokhala ndi chilengedwe, koma pangidwe la mapangidwe ake ali ndi phindu pa chitukuko ndi kuwonjezeka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pakhoma.

Kuwonjezera kwina kwa bokosi lopangidwa ndi zinthu zakuthupi ndi mtengo wotsika, ngati apangidwa ndi manja, koma zida za pulasitiki sizidula ngakhale. Kuonjezera apo, pulasitiki sichifunikira mankhwala oyenera ndi fungicides, ndikwanira kuyeretsa bwino. Chidebe cha pulasitiki n'chosavuta kunyamula, chimasungidwa nthawi yaitali.

Kodi yabwino ndi iti?

Mabokosiwo, mukhoza kukula mbande za mitundu yosiyanasiyana, yosiyana ndi yosiyana (oyambirira, pakati, mochedwa), yomwe ingabzalidwe m'malo obiriwira.

Zofunika Zokwanira

Kutalika kwakukulu kwa mabokosi odzala tomato: m'lifupi - 30 cm, kutalika 50 cm, kutalika - 8 - 10 masentimita, koma magawowa si ofunikira, ngati kokha kunali koyenera kuti wamasamba azisunthira malo ndi malo ndikuyika pawindo. Chinthu china chofunika: Mabowo a ngalande ayenera kupangidwa pansi pa bokosizomwe zimapereka chinyezi.

Musanayambe kubzala chidebe nthawi zambiri amatetezedwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda: pulasitiki ikhoza kupukutidwa ndi tampon yothira mowa; nkhuni - muzisamalira mosamala ndi fungicides kapena mkuwa sulphate solution (100 gm pa 10 malita a madzi).

Kukonzekera Mbewu

Kukonzekera mbewu kumatheka muzigawo zingapo:

1. Kuyezetsa Mbewu Yakulima. 30 - 40 magalamu a sodium kloridi amasungunuka mu madzi okwanira 1 litre, kumiza mbewu mu njirayi kwa mphindi 10. Mbeu zosauka zidzatuluka, ziyenera kusonkhanitsidwa ndi kutayidwa; omwe "amamizidwa" ayenera kusankhidwa ndi kutsukidwa ndi madzi abwino.
2. Disinfection. Mbewu ya 20 - 30 mphindi kuti imveke mu njira yothetsera potaziyamu permanganate (1 gramu pa 100 ml ya madzi), yomwe ikuphatikiza patapita nthawi, ndipo mbewu zimatsukidwa bwino ndi madzi. Njira ina: Mbewu tsiku lililonse inamira mu 0,5% soda yothetsera (0,5 magalamu pa 100 ml), kapena kwa mphindi 8 peresenti 2 - 3% ya hydrogen peroxide, yotenthedwa ku 40C.
3. Processing. Pofuna kumera bwino, ndibwino kuti kumiza mbewuzo zikhale ndi mphamvu yowonjezera (Appin, Zircon, Heteroauxin, etc.); njira yobereketsera ndi nthawi ya ndondomeko - malingana ndi malangizo. Mungagwiritse ntchito njira yotchuka: kumizani mbewu kwa maola 12 mpaka 24 mu njira ya madzi a alosi (1: 1) kapena madzi a uchi (1 tsp Pa galasi la madzi), mutatha kuziika mufiriji masiku asanu ndi asanu ndi limodzi.
4. Zowononga kapena kumera. Komanso, musanafese, mbewu zimatha kuthira maola 12 m'madzi otentha (+ 25C), zomwe ziyenera kusinthidwa maola 4 alionse. Njira ina: mbeu zimamera mwamsanga, kutaya zonse zomwe sizimera. Pachifukwachi, mbewuzi zimagawidwa pamwamba pa nsalu yonyozeka yomwe imaikidwa pa mbale. Chophimbacho chimayikidwa mu thumba la pulasitiki ndipo chiyika malo otentha (+ 23С - + 25С) kwa masiku 3 mpaka 5, pamene nsaluyo imakhala yofunikira nthawi zonse.

Kukonzekera kwa dothi

Ndikofunikira. Nthaka yabwino yoyenera phwetekere mbande ndi yotayirira, yowala, yothira bwino, ndi msinkhu wa aciditi wa 5.5 - 6.5 pH.

Pofuna kubzala mbande, mukhoza kugula nsonga zokonzedwa bwino m'masitolo, zomwe alimi omwe amadziwa bwino kuwonjezera dothi losavuta (1: 1) ndi ufa woumba kapena choko (1-2 tbsp pa gawo 10 la gawo).

Mukhoza kukonza gawo lanu, pogwiritsira ntchito limodzi la maphikidwe:

1. Sakanizani 1 gawo la humus, sod land, utuchi, peat, kuwonjezera 2 tbsp kwa osakaniza. nkhuni phulusa, 1.5 st.l. superphosphate, 10 g wa hydrated laimu;
2. Dothi la maluwa, peat, humus ndi losakaniza mbali, phulusa laling'ono ndi feteleza zovuta zimaphatikizidwa ku chisakanizo;
3. Nthaka yofiira imasakanizidwa ndi peat, mchenga wa mtsinje, perlite, mtedza wa kokonati, phulusa la nkhuni pa chiŵerengero cha 2: 1: 1: 1: 1: 0.5, mofanana.

Koma mulimonsemo, nthaka iyenera kukhala yotetezedwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, popeza kuti spores ya matenda ambiri opatsirana ali mkati mwake. Kutsekeka kwa nthaka kumatentha (kutentha mu uvuni (+ 180С - + 200С) kwa mphindi 30 kapena Kutentha mu microwave kwa 1 - 2 mphindi pamphamvu ya 850) kapena kuchizidwa ndi fungicides molingana ndi malangizo. Zosankha: mukhoza kuthira madzi otentha kapena pinki yowala potaziyamu permanganate.

Momwe mungabzalitsire mbewu kunyumba?

1. Pansi pa bokosi, madzi okwanira 0.5-1 masentimita amadzazidwa (dothi lowonjezera, miyala yaing'ono, eggshell, yomwe imaperekanso chakudya china).
2. Nthaka imadzaza mu chidebecho ndi 2/3 muvotolo.
3. Nthaka imakhetsedwa ndi madzi otentha (akhoza kukhala thawed).
4. Pamwamba pamafunika kupanga grooves ndi masentimita 1 (kwa masamba akuluakulu) kapena 0,5 masentimita (kwa mitundu yaying'ono), mtunda pakati pawo ndi 3-4 masentimita. Zosankha: kupanga mabowo ndi zofanana zoyikira pensulo, koma mosiyana (kutalika pakati pa maenje - 3-4 masentimita).
5. Mbewu imagawanika pamtunda wa masentimita 1 mpaka 2, ndikuwaza pamwamba ndi nthaka, yomwe imaphwanyidwa ndi dzanja, ndipo imayambitsidwa ndi botolo la kutsitsi.
6. Chophimbacho chiyenera kuphimbidwa ndi galasi, filimu kapena chivindikiro, kenaka muyika malo otentha (+ 25C - + 30C).
7. Malo osungirako mosamala ayenera kuchotsedwa chifukwa cha kuwomba.
8. Pambuyo pa kuwonekera kwa mphukira zoyamba (pambuyo pa masiku 7-10), filimuyi ikhoza kuchotsedwa, mphamvuyo iyenera kusunthira ku zenera sill, kutentha kumachepetsedwa kuti + 16С - + 18С.

Kenaka mukhoza kuyang'ana kanema momwe mungabzalitsire mbeu za tomato m'bokosi:

Kusamalira mbande mutabzala

• Kuwunika. Kutalika kwa tsiku tsiku la mbande ayenera kukhala osachepera maola 10. Apo ayi, izo ziyenera kumaliza kuwalitsa ndi phytolamp.
• Mavuto otentha. Kutentha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kuli +16 - + 20C, usiku - +13 - + 15C.
• Kuthirira. Kuthira koyamba kumachitika ndi maonekedwe a mphukira zoyamba (1 chikho cha madzi ofunda otetezedwa pa bokosi (+ 22С), mchere wachiwiri ndi wotsatila ngati ukufunika: ndikofunika kuti musalole kuyanika, koma chinyezi chochuluka chingathe kuwononga zomera zomwe zikufooka. : wotentha, nthawi zambiri madzi.
• Mpweya wabwino. Ngati n'kotheka, mbande ziyenera kutsegulidwa ku mawindo atsopano kapena mawindo omwe anatseguka pang'ono: njirayi mbande "idzaumitsa" ndipo sizidzawopsyeza kutsika kwa kutentha kumunda.
• Kupaka pamwamba. Pakatha masabata awiri mpaka atatu kutuluka kwa mbande ayenera kuyamba kudyetsa. Ndibwino kuti zikhale zachilengedwe feteleza zopangidwa ndi kompositi, manyowa kapena udzu; ya ogula, makondomu ayenera kuperekedwa kwa feteleza pogwiritsa ntchito humic acid ndi biohumus. Kutchulidwa kwafupipafupi kwa ntchito ya feteleza kamodzi pa sabata.

Pofesa mbeu ndi kusamalira mbande molingana ndi izi, mu chilimwe mukhoza kutenga mbewu yanu yoyamba.