Calla ndi therere losatha la banja la aroid. Calla ndi yokongola kwambiri yamaluwa maluwa ndipo ali ndi mawonekedwe osiyana. Maluwa amtundu wa Kalla akhoza kukhala ndi mithunzi yosiyana siyana, yomwe imapangitsa kuti alimi azikonda kwambiri.
Zomwe zimakhala bwino pa makina opangira thupi
Ngakhale kuti calla yafika kwa ife kuchokera ku South Africa yomwe ili kumadera otentha, ndi mbewu yolimba komanso yodzichepetsa. Nthawi yamaluwa ya calla imatha masabata atatu mpaka asanu ndi atatu.
Ikani malo a calla
Posankha malo pa mapula a calla, ganizirani zinthu ziwiri zofunika:
- Calla ndi wovuta kwambiri kuunikira;
- Pali mitundu yambiri yotentha.
Callas amakula bwino mumthunzi - potsutsidwa ndi dzuwa. M'chaka ndi zofunika kusunga duwa pafupi ndi zenera, koma mwadongosolo mthunzi. M'nyengo yozizira, zomera zimasowa dzuwa. Koma kuunikira koyenera ndikofunikira kwambiri pa kukula kwa calla. Ngati kulibe kuwala, nyemba za callas zimatha kuphuka, kumangowonjezera zimayambira. Mitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana mumalo ochepa akhoza kutaya mthunzi wawo wokongola. Kuti apange maluwa amenewa, dzuwa limafunika maola 12 pa tsiku. Masana, atatha maluwa - kuwala sikuyenera kukhala osachepera asanu ndi atatu ndipo osaposa maola khumi.Mukudziwa?Mitundu yonse ya callas ndi ziwalo zawo zonse ndizoopsa. Choncho yesetsani kuchotsa maluwa kutali ndi ana ndi zinyama. Mukamagwira ntchito ndi chomera, musaiwale kuvala magolovesi oteteza.
Mavuto otentha
Musaiwale kuti malo omwe nthawi zambiri amakhalapo a calla ndi kutentha kwakukulu kuphatikizapo kutentha kwakukulu. Choncho, callas amafunikanso kusamalira kunyumba. Kutentha kofunikira mu chipinda chomwe callas chimasungidwa chimadalira nyengo. Kutentha kwabwino kwambiri kumakhala kuchokera 15 mpaka 25 ° C (m'chilimwe cha 22-25, m'nyengo yozizira ya madigiri 15-18). Kutentha kwadzidzidzi kumawononga mitundu yonse ya callas ndipo kumapangitsa kutha kwa maluwa a callas. M'nyengo yotentha, chikhalidwe chimafuna nthawi zambiri kupopera mbewu mankhwala ndi madzi ndi zina zowonjezera. Sungani chomera pa khonde ndilololedwa kokha mu nyengo yofunda. M'nyengo yozizira, calla ayenera kukhala m'chipinda chokwera.
Zomwe zimasamalira Calla kunyumba
Malingana ndi akatswiri, callas mu miphika ndi odzichepetsa ndipo kulima kwawo sikukufuna njira iliyonse yapadera. Chinthu chachikulu ndicho kupanga zinthu zabwino ndikutsatira malamulo oyenera osamalira.
Kuthirira ndi chinyezi
Chimodzi mwa magawo akulu omwe akusamalira callae mu miphika ndi madzi okwanira. Ngati mbewuyo isamwe madzi nthawi zonse, idzaleka kukula. Nthaŵi zonse kuthirira ndi nthaka yonyowa maluwa awa amadziwa bwino kwambiri. Izi ndi zofunika makamaka pakukula white callas. Mitundu yamakono sikuti imakhala yotentha kwambiri. Kuchuluka kwa madzi kumadalira nthawi ya kukula. Chinthu chachikulu ndi chakuti dothi mumphika silikhala louma. Mlengalenga mu chipinda chimene callae amasungidwa ayenera kukhala osiyana kwambiri ndi chinyezi.. Chinyezi chabwino cha calla ndi 70-80%. Inde, izi n'zovuta kukwaniritsa. Choncho, m'pofunika kuthira madzi a calla kawirikawiri (kawiri patsiku). Yesetsani kupukuta masamba ndi nsalu yonyowa.
Kupaka zovala ndi feteleza
Pamene calla ikukula, mizu ya chomera imadzaza mphika ndipo mwamsanga imatenga zinthu zonse zopindulitsa kuchokera m'nthaka. Ndi calla nthawi zonse mumphika amafunika kudya nthawi ndi feteleza feteleza. Ndikofunika kuti chitukuko cha calla chikhale choyenera.
Ndikofunikira! Kumbukirani lamulo limodzi lofunikira la kukula kwa maluwa a calla: ang'onoang'ono zomera zimalandira kuwala kwa dzuwa ndi kutentha, zimakhala zofunikira kwambiri kuti feteleza ndi feteleza.
Kudyetsa Calla kumapangidwa ndi feteleza zovuta kuzungulira ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku 10-14. Sikoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza feteleza musanayambe maluwa. Chomeracho chiyenera kudyetsedwa ndi urea kapena kupanga kulowetsedwa kwa zipolopolo za dzira. Ndondomeko zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi ya calla yogwira ntchito. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito feteleza, muyenera kusamala - mukhoza kugonjetsa callah, kuti mbeu zanu zife. Zizindikiro za fetereza zambiri zimakhala zachikasu komanso masamba owuma. Kuwonjezera apo, kuchokera ku nayitrojeni yochuluka chomeracho chidzakula mwamphamvu masamba, omwe amakhudza kwambiri maluwa.Mukudziwa? Ndi kusowa kwa nayitrojeni, masamba a calla amatha kuwonongeka, kutaya chilakolako, kuleka kukula. Ndipo ndi kusowa kwa potaziyamu masamba, oddly mokwanira, kuwuka.
Calla chisamaliro pa nthawi yonse
Mukangogula zitsulo zamkati, chinthu choyamba muyenera kuchita ndikudziwa bwino nthawi yotsalira. Kawirikawiri, nyengo ya "sleep" yonse imayamba mu October - November, ndipo mapeto akugwa mu February - March. Musalowe "kulowa" callae mu nthawi yopuma posachedwa. Sichikulimbikitsidwa kuchepetsa kuchepetsa kuthirira kapena kudula masamba. Pankhani iyi, tubers alibe nthawi yoti zipse. Calla amatha miyezi iwiri kapena isanu ndi umodzi.
Kusamalira calla pa nthawi yonseyi kumaphatikizapo: kuika kutentha kwabwino, ulimi wothirira, kuyatsa, chinyezi ndi feteleza. Zonsezi zimathandiza zomera kuti zizikhala bwino pakapita nthawi yaitali maluwa. White callas kukula pang'onopang'ono m'nyengo yozizira. Iwo amatha pachimake m'nyengo yozizira ndi masika, ndipo amakhala pamasiku otentha a chilimwe. Koma ma callas achikuda amaletsa kukula kwawo, kutaya masamba awo ndi hibernate (mpaka March-April). Ndicho chifukwa chake muofesi, nyumba ndi nyumba zomwe timakonda nthawi zambiri timawona zowala zoyera.
Kuika bwino ndi malo a calla
Musasendeze zomera ndi mphukira zofooka kapena zowonongeka. Pofuna kusintha mofulumira calla kumalo atsopano, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito dziko lapansi lokha kapena zokhala pafupi ndi chilengedwe. Asanaikidwe, izani mizu. Izi ziyenera kuchitidwa mosamala kwambiri. Musamawononge mizu, kuti musayambitse mabakiteriya atsopano mu bala. Chifukwa chake, nthaka yatsopano idzaipitsidwa.
Ndikofunikira! Pofuna kuchepetsa mizu yovunda, musanayambe kuika zitsamba zatsopano muyenera kuthira muzowonjezera potassium permanganate (potaziyamu permanganate). Pambuyo pa njirayi, zolakwika zonse zikuwonekera. Ngati pali zokolola kapena zowola, ndiye kuti mukhoza kuyeretsa mizu ndi mpeni ndikupaka utoto wobiriwira.
Ambiri a chikhalidwe chimenechi nthawi zambiri amadzifunsa: momwe angamwetsera calla pambuyo pakuika. Popeza calla imafuna madzi ochulukirapo, ziphuphuzi zimayenera kuthiriridwa nthawi zonse. Inde, musapitirire pazinthu izi. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kufunika kwa acidity ya nthaka (pH) sikuyenera kukhala wapamwamba kuposa 6. Dziko la Calla liyenera kukhala ndi zigawo zotsatirazi:- mchenga (chidutswa chimodzi);
- peat (gawo limodzi);
- tsamba humus (gawo limodzi);
- Dziko la sod (magawo awiri).
Momwe mungakhalire calla
Nyumba ya callae imafalikira m'njira ziwiri: kugawa kwa rhizomes ndi mbewu. Njira yachiwiri ndi yovuta komanso yochuluka, choncho siigwiritsidwe ntchito nthawi zambiri.
Gawo la rhizomes
Kugawidwa kwa rhizomes ndiyo njira yabwino komanso yofulumira kwambiri yopangira calla. Kugawidwa kumachitika kawirikawiri. Tubers ayenera kukhala wandiweyani komanso wathanzi. Choncho, pogwiritsa ntchito spatula kapena mpeni muyenera kugawaniza zigawo zazikuluzikulu. Ndikofunika kugawikana kuti mbali iliyonse ili ndi mizu ndi dziko lapansi zokwanira. Aliyense amagawanika rhizome yaing'ono imabzalidwa mu mphika wosiyana.
Bzalani mu nthaka yonyowa kuti muzitha pafupifupi masentimita 5-8. Popeza kuti chodzala chinachitidwa mu kugwa, zomera zatsopano zimabisala pang'onopang'ono. Masiku oyambirira, callas safuna kuthirira. Koma sabata yoyamba, onetsetsani kuti nthaka siuma; pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezera kuthirira ndi nthawi nthawi. Komanso yang'anirani kuunikira kwa mizu yatsopano ya calla. Miphika imayenera kutetezedwa ku dzuwa lowala kwambiri komanso lotentha.
Mbewu
Kubzalanso kwa mbeu za calla ndi kotheka. Njirayi imayesedwa yosadalirika, chifukwa zotsatira zake ziyenera kuyembekezera nthawi yaitali. Kuwonjezera apo, njirayi siyimapangitsa kuti abereke bwino. Ndipo simungakhale otsimikiza kuti zotsatira zake zidzakhala zotani. Komabe, kuchulukitsa mbewu za calla ndi mbewu, mumamva ngati wobereka weniweni. Ngati muli ndi mwayi, mungathe kupeza mtundu watsopano wa calla umene umasintha pawindo lanu.
Ngati mwaganiza kuti mukule mbeu za mbeu za mbeu, ziwathireni maola asanu mu njira yothetsera potaziyamu, yomwe ikukula bwino biostimulator. Izi ndizofunikira, monga mbeu ya calla imakhala yochepa kumera komanso nthawi yochepa. Kenaka, konzekerani pasadakhale chilichonse kapena choyimira. Phimbani chidebecho ndi nsalu yonyowa kapena nsalu yowonongeka, kufalitsa mbewu ndikuphimba ndi nsalu ina yonyowa. Ikani chidebe cha mbeu pamalo otentha kwa masiku 6-8 ndipo musalole kuyanika.
Ndikofunikira! Kulakwitsa kwa alimi ambiri a maluwa ndikuti nthawi yomweyo amaika mbewu zowonongeka pansi, kumene ambiri a iwo, mafa, amamwalira. Mbeu zowera bwino zimafesedwa bwino m'zotengera ndi nthaka ndikuziyika pamalo otentha mpaka kumera. Pambuyo pa mbande izi zingabzalidwe m'nthaka.Monga mukuonera, kusamalira callae mu miphika sikufuna khama. Chinthu chachikulu ndikutsatira malamulo onse omwe ali pamwambawa ndikusunga mthunzi wa mpweya ndi dothi. Chotsatira chake, mudzalandira maluwa ambiri a chomera chodabwitsa chomwe chidzasangalatsa aliyense.
