Pakhoza kukhala zochitika zosangalatsa pakupanga chisankho - Zomwe mungapeze kuti bungwe la vutoli likhale: nyumba yachinyumba yozizira kapena yokongola. Njira yoyamba ndi yodziwika bwino komanso yosavuta. Njira yachiwiri ndi yotsika mtengo pakupha, chifukwa madera omwe ali ndi malo ovuta sagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakati pa anthu a m'nyengo ya chilimwe, omwe amaopa kuthekera kovuta. Tiyeni tiyesetse kumvetsetsa mutu ndi kumvetsetsa zinsinsi zake ndi zovuta. Mwinamwake kanyumba pa malo otsetsereka si koipa monga zikuwonekera poyamba.
Ubwino ndi zovuta za malowa ndi malo otsetsereka
Ngati ndi bwino kusanthula chisamaliro ndi makonzedwe a webusaiti pansi pamtunda, mungathe kuzindikira zonse zabwino ndi zolakwika.
Kuipa kwakukulu ndi:
- sankhani malo a nyumba, nyumba zina ndi zizindikiro zam'munda ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa pamtunda, osati pa pempho la mwiniwake;
- kutsuka nthaka pambuyo pa mvula yanyengo;
- kutsutsana nthawi zonse ndi kusungunuka kwa nthaka ndi kukokoloka kwa nthaka ndikofunikira;
- Kusuntha kovuta kwa anthu kudera lonse la webusaitiyi, makamaka m'nyengo yachisanu ndi mvula - kutalika kwa malo otsetsereka, chiwopsezo chachikulu chogwa;
- Ndondomeko ya ulimi wothirira ndi yovuta, pangakhale zovuta popereka madzi;
- Kuthamanga kwa mphepo kumatha kukhetsa gawo la kumtunda kwa malo, m'munsimu akhoza kuwonekera ku chisanu;
- konzekerani kuunikira kosagwirizana - kokwanira kapena kosakwanira;
- zofunikira zamtengo wapatali zowonjezera malo otsetsereka.
- Mtengo wa malo otsetsereka ndi wochepa kwambiri kusiyana ndi ofanana;
- Panthawi yomanga nyumba, malo owonjezera amatha kukonza chiwembu;
- malingaliro okongola ochokera m'mawindo;
- gawo lapamwamba la malowa liribe vuto la kusefukira ndi madzi pansi, m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba ndi pansi pansi padzakhala youma;
- mwayi wakuzindikira malingaliro anu ndi zilakolako zanu, kuti muwonetsere payekha ndikukhazikitsa osati nyumba ya chilimwe, koma phunziro lenileni la kunyada.
Ndikofunikira! Pobzala pamapiri a zitsamba ndi mizu ya nthambi, mukhoza kulimbitsa nthaka mwachilengedwe.
Kodi kusunga makoma ndi chiyani?
Mothandizidwa ndi khoma losungirako kulimbikitsa nyumbayo kapena munda wamtunda. Khoma losungirako limagwira ntchito, imalimbikitsa kutsetsereka, kuteteza chiwonongeko ndi leaching pa tsamba, ndipo zingakhalenso zovuta kwambiri pa vuto, kukonza malo ndi kukongoletsa gawo lake.
Pogwiritsa ntchito maonekedwewa, zotsatirazi ndi zofunika - maziko a maziko, mwachindunji khoma, mbali imodzi yomwe imagwira kukula kwa nthaka, mbali yachiwiri kutsogolo ikhoza kukongoletsedwa, komanso ngalande ndi ngalande - kutuluka kwa madzi kukumana pakati pa nthaka ndi khoma likugwira. Makoma osungirako otsika amaoneka bwino pamapangidwe a malo ndi mabedi, maluwa, niches ndi mabenchi.
Kodi ndi momwe mungapangire khoma losungira dacha
Khoma losungirako ndi mtundu wa khoma lomwe limateteza nthaka yosakhazikika. Khoma lochirikiza lingamangidwe ndi manja anu. Konkire, miyala, njerwa, nkhuni ndi zipangizo zina zotukuka zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga. Tiyeni tidziŵe luso lamakono la kumanga makoma a zipangizo zosiyanasiyana.
Momwe mungapangire khoma lachitsulo
Kwa khoma losungiramo matabwa loyenerera mitengo iliyonse yokhala ndi mamita 200 mm. Chikhalidwe chachikulu cha kusungika kwa nthawi yaitali khoma - Kupititsa patsogolo ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito nkhuni zovunda, poganizira nthawi yomwe yophimba. Khoma losungiramo zida, lomwe linamangidwa pa chiwembu ndi malo otsetsereka, ndiyo njira yopindulitsa kwambiri yolimbitsira nthaka, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kumapiri aang'ono ndi aakulu.
Malemba angakonzedwe verticallypowayendetsa iwo pafupi. Njira yoperekerayi siimayenera kukhazikitsa maziko. Muyenera kukumba m'matumba mozama pafupifupi theka la mamita, chifukwa kuimirira kwa kapangidwe kamadalira kukula kwa kukumba. Kukhazikika kwazitsulo kumawonekeranso. Khosi limatulutsidwa, zitsulo zimatsanulira pansi, cholemba choyamba chimayikidwa, chosungidwa pansi ndi ndodo zachitsulo, kenako nkhuni zotsalira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamodzi ndi misomali kapena zojambula zokha.
Danga la khoma mpaka pansi liyenera kudzazidwa ndi mchenga wosakaniza ndi ming'alu kapena njerwa zosweka. Chinthu chabwino chikanakhala kuswa bedi pa mzere wosungirako. Izi zimapereka zowonongeka, ndipo mitengoyo idzakhala yokongola ya zomera zomwe anabzala.
Mukudziwa? Kuyika kuyatsa mu makoma osungirako, mungapereke umunthu ku kanyumba ndikuyambitsa chikondi.
Mwala wosunga miyala
Ngakhale womanga nyumba amatha kupanga pakhoma losungira miyala ndi manja ake. Njira imeneyi ndi yokongola, ndipo poika malo pakati pa miyalayi, mudzapeza chokongoletsera cha malo anu. Pamaso musanagone mwala muyenera kukonzekera maziko a khoma lamtsogolo. Mtsuko umakumba mamita theka la mita, matabwa amaikidwa mbali iliyonse, ndipo mapangidwe ake amadzaza ndi konkire - 1 gawo la konkire, magawo 6 a mchenga ndi magawo 6 a miyala. Kusakaniza kuyenera kuuma kwa masiku osachepera anayi.
Konki yosungunuka imachizidwa ndi mandimu. Pambuyo pake, ntchito yopambana kwambiri pa miyala yayala yomwe yasambitsidwa ndi madzi isanayambike. Mwala uliwonse umayenera kupeza malo otetezeka kwambiri pakuika. Mzere wokhoma wa miyala umaphimbidwa ndi gawo lochepa la simenti.
Khoma losungiramo miyala, yomangidwa ndi manja anu, lidzakondweretsa inu ndi mawonekedwe okhwima, achilengedwe. Zosankhidwa ndi zotetezedwa zimayikidwa miyala ndi miyala zikuwoneka zogwirizana ndi zachirengedwe pamapangidwe a malo aliwonse.
Khoma losungira miyala yamwala
N'zotheka kumanga khoma lamwala losanja, popanda kugwiritsa ntchito simenti yamatabwa. Pachifukwa ichi, danga pakati pa miyalayi likhoza kudzazidwa ndi dothi lopangira malo. Pofuna kumanga khoma, ngalande yaikulu imakumba mpaka theka la mita mita, imadzaza ndi theka ndi miyala yosanjikiza, yomwe imayikidwa miyala imodzi, yosasunthira pang'ono pamtunda.
Dulani kusunga khoma
Kuyika khoma la miyala yamtengo wapatali, mukufuna mtsinje waukulu mumwala, miyala imatsanuliridwa ndipo maitanidwe amaikidwa, omwe amachitikizidwa pamodzi ndi kulimbikitsidwa. Kuyika miyala yamatabwa imadzazidwa ndi zinthu zomaliza.
Ndikofunikira! Shmzerewu uyenera kukhala wofanana katatu m'lifupi la khoma lamtsogolo, ndi makulidwe - gawo lachitatu la kutalika kwa khoma.
Momwe mungapangire khoma losungirako la gabions
Gabions amalola kuti asagwiritse ntchito nthaŵi yambiri yosankha ndi kulumikiza miyala pakati pawo chifukwa cha khalidwe lokhazikika. Kuti muwamange, mukufunikira makonde - chotengera ndi maselo akuluakulu kuposa miyala yomwe imadzaza. Galasi ili ndi miyala yachilengedwe ndipo imakwera ndege.
Gabions akugwirizanitsidwa ndi waya wamphamvu. Gabion kutalika kwa mamita 1 kumafuna maziko a kukhazikitsa. Pofuna kuchepetsa mtengo wa khoma, mbali yakutsogolo ikhoza kukongoletsedwa ndi mwala wokongola, ndipo gawo lobisika la mkati likhoza kudzazidwa ndi zida. Khoma losungiramo gabions m'dzikoli likugwiritsidwa ntchito kulimbikitsa malo otsetsereka komanso kutsetsereka.
Kupanga khoma losungirako njerwa
Kwa kumanga khoma losungirako njerwa, mazikowo amavomerezedwa ndi kuyika khoma lamwala. Kwa khoma lothandizira mumasowa njerwa zokhala ndi maonekedwe abwino a chinyezi komanso osapsa. Makoma aang'ono mpaka mamita 0.6 akhoza kumangidwa ndi theka la njerwa; ngati apamwamba, ndiye njerwa yaikulu.
Mu mzere wachiwiri wa njerwa muyenera kuyika zipilala zamagetsi zisanu ndi zitatu za njerwa zamatabwa. Njerwa iliyonse imayikidwa ndi matope a simenti, ndipo mzere wotsatira wa njerwa umayikidwa. Ndikoyenera kukonzekera mzere wapamwamba wa njerwa ndi kukhetsa madzi amvula. Kusiyana pakati pa khoma ndi mtunda kumakhala ndi miyala kapena miyala. Khoma losungirako njerwa lidzapanga limodzi limodzi ndi nyumba ya njerwa.
Mukudziwa? Mwala weniweni womwe umagwirizana bwino ndi malo alionse a malowa: granite, sandstone, basalt, cobblestone ndi quartzite.
Momwe mungakhalire khoma losungirako konkire
Ngongole yosungirako khoma ndi yokhazikika. Kutsikira kale dzenje, pansi pake pamadzazidwa ndi miyala kapena miyala, kuchokera ku ndodo zachitsulo ziyenera kukonzera chimango. Kulimbikitsidwa uku kumayikidwa mumsewu wodulidwa, mawonekedwewa amaikidwa pamakoma a kanjira, chitoliro cha madzi chimayikidwa pamagulu, ndipo konkakisi imatsanuliridwa kuchokera pamwamba. Chotsatira cha ntchitoyi chidzakhala chitsulo cholimba, cholimba, cha konkire, cholimbikitsidwa ndi chitsulo cholimbikitsidwa. N'zotheka kukongoletsa khoma la konkire ndi matabwa okongola, mwala wopangidwira, kuti ugwirizane ndi zomera zoumba.
Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakhomopo: momwe angapangire kuti pang'onopang'ono kapangidwe kake kasadziwe madzi
Mbali yamkati ya khoma losungirako sikuti imangotenga nthaka, komanso imalepheretsa kutentha kwa dothi, zomwe zimakakamizidwa kuti zikhale pakhoma. Kusunga madzi kumangowonongeka mosavuta. Pofuna kupewa chiwonongeko cha khoma, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito wosanjikiza pakati pa khoma lakumbuyo ndi dothi, njerwa yosweka kapena miyala. Izi zimatsanulira madzi omwe amathira mu ngalande.
Maenje a mapiri a 100 mm akuwonetseratu pasadakhale pakhomalo kapena matayala a 50 mm m'mimba mwake amaikidwa mmenemo kupyolera pamtunda uliwonse wa khoma. N'zotheka kuika chimbudzi chochokera kutali ndi chitoliro cha perforated ndi diameter ya 10-15 masentimita, atakulungidwa ndi zowonongeka, pansi pa maziko. Zipangizozi zidzatunga madzi omwe adzalowetsa mu chitoliro ndikuyenda pansi kupitirira kusunga khoma.
Ndikofunikira! Kuyika kwa malo otsetsereka kumayamba kuchokera kumtunda wapamwamba.
Masitepe - njira yabwino kwambiri pokonzekera magawo osiyanasiyana pa malo ndi malo otsetsereka. Panthawi imodzimodziyo tsambali lidzafanana ndi masitepe osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana. Zonsezi zidzakhala malo ogona, omwe amadziwika ndi khoma lawo. Malo omwe ali ndi chiŵerengero chofuna kutengeka amafunika kulimbikitsidwa ndi pafupifupi makoma anayi osungira zipangizo zosiyanasiyana.
Kuti tipewe kumverera kwa moyo pa masitepe aakulu, ndibwino kuyika malo otsetsereka m'matumba kapena madontho, mwinamwake chisokonezo. Malo awa a malowa adzakupatsani malingaliro okongola kwambiri. Malo apamwamba ndi apansi a masitepe ndi abwino kukhazikitsa malo osangalatsa. Mukhoza kukonza gazebo kapena malo owonetsera. Nthiti zazing'ono zowonongeka zidzakongoletsa mapangidwe ndikupanga kuyenda kuzungulira munda kapena kanyumba zosangalatsa zosangalatsa.
