Alstroemeria - Maluwa okongola omwe anadza kwa ife kuchokera ku South America. Muzokambirana ku Russia mungapeze dzina lina - Alstroemeria.
M'chilengedwe, pali mitundu yoposa 200 ya maluwa okongola. Alstroemeria ndi chomera chokongoletsera, chimakula pakhomo, mu greenhouses, nthawi zina ngati munda wamaluwa.
Maluwa amatha kupezeka mu bouquets, monga momwe angasangalatse kwa nthawi yayitali mu vase ndi kukongola kwake. Iye molimba mtima amatchulidwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa zomera zabwino kwambiri zosatha.
Mfundo yolakwika yokha ya duwa ndi yakuti ziweto zake zimagwa mofulumira.. Mmene mungakulitsire alstroemeria komanso momwe mungasamalire ndifotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane m'nkhaniyi.
Mukudziwa? Mu mahema ogulitsa maluwa, pali kulembedwa kuti Alstroemeria ndi "wosakanikirana ndi maluwa ndi orchid," koma si zoona. Ndipotu, ndi za banja la tuberous herbaceous plants.
Kubzala mbewu za Alstroemeria za mbande
Pamene mukukula alstroemeria mothandizidwa ndi mbewu, maluwa amapezeka pafupifupi zaka ziwiri. Nthawi zina, nthawi imatenga zaka zitatu.
Chifukwa chodzala duwa muyenera kukonzekera nthaka, dzuwa, koma popanda malo enieni. Ngati mukutsatira malamulo onse mukamadzala ndi kukondana, maluwawo adzasangalala ndi maluwa ake onse chilimwe.
Nthawi yobzala
Kubzala mbewu maluwa mu miphika ndibwino kumayambiriro kwa masika. Mapeto a February-kuyamba kwa March ndi nthawi yabwino yoyamba kukula kwa maluwa. Koma kwa hybrids zosiyana za chomera amasankhidwa nthawi yake yobzala. Ndi bwino kusankha mtambo, kutentha kwa kubzala mbande.
Dothi la Alstroemeria
Dothi la alstromeria liyenera kukonzekera pasadakhale. Kuti muchite izi, tengani 2/3 wa masamba a leafy, ndipo mudzaze botani lonselo ndi timtunda. Nkhuni pansi bwino imadutsa mpweya ndi madzi, imakhala ndi acidity yabwino yomwe duwa imafuna.
Sakanizani bwino, kenako mutha kubzala mbeu. Mukamabzala, ndibwino kuti musagwiritsire ntchito feteleza zamakono ndi kukula kokondweretsa.
Njira yobwera
Mukakonzekera dothi, mukhoza kuyamba kubzala. Mu mphika kapena chidebe china chomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito, musaiwale kuika ngalande pansi. Mzere wabwino kapena miyala yosiyanasiyana ingagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Ikani mbewu za mbeu pansi ndikunyengerera pang'ono kuti zifike mkati mwakuya kwanu. Dyazani pamwamba ndi nthaka, ndiye tsanulirani ndi kuphimba mphika ndi pulasitiki.
Ndondomeko yobzala mbande za alstroemeria pamapeto pake, ndipo mukhoza kutumiza maluwa ku stratification.
Ndikofunikira! Pakati pa maluwa, alstroemeria ikhoza kumasula zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa kukwiya kwa khungu.
Mzere wa mbewu
Kulemba kwa Alstroemeria kumayambira mwamsanga mutangotha. Kupanga stratification kukutanthauza kukalamba mbewu pa kutentha kwake kuti zifulumize kukula kwawo.
Mbeu zowonongeka zimayikidwa pamalo otentha kuchokera ku +2 mpaka + 5 °. Kumeneko, maluwawo ndi okalamba kwa masiku pafupifupi 20.
Mbeu zina zimamera pang'onopang'ono, ndipo mphukira idzawoneka pambuyo pa masiku 30. Kutsika kotentha koteroko kumapangitsa kuti mbeu ikufulumire kumera. Stratification imatha pamene phesi laling'ono likuwonekera.
Kubzala mbande pamalo otseguka
Kubzala mbewu zimamera bwino kumapeto kwa May. Panthawiyi, chiopsezo cha madontho a chisanu usiku, ndipo ziphuphu sizingasokonezedwe. Kwa kubzala, ndibwino kuti musankhe tsiku lotentha, koma popanda dzuwa lotentha, pamene dziko lapansi lidya mokwanira.
Timakumba mabowo patali pafupifupi masentimita 30 kuchokera pamzake. Kuya kwa fossa sikuposa 25 masentimita. Pansi pa dzenje timayika masentimita 10 okonzedwanso kompositi. Timakulitsa pang'ono muzu wa mphukira ndikuphimba dzenje ndi nthaka.
Fukuta ndi masentimita angapo a mulch pamwamba. Zidzathandiza kulimbana ndi kumera kwa namsongole komanso kwa nthawi yaitali kusunga chinyezi. Koma musabise kwathunthu mphukira pansi pa mulch. Kenaka malo onse okwera malo amamwetsa madzi ambiri kuti madzi abwere pansi pa dzenje.
Ndikofunikira! Mulimonsemo sitiyenera kudula mizu pamwambapa 22 °. Pambuyo poyang'ana kutentha uku, rhizomes ikhoza kufa.
Chisamaliro choyenera - mabala ambiri
Kwa Alstroemeria kukukondweretsani ndi kukongola kwa pachimake, muyenera kuchiyang'anira mofulumira. Pa gawo lililonse la kukula kwa maluwa pamafunika njira yosiyana. Kusamalitsa nthawi zonse feteleza fetereza - chinsinsi chokula bwino maluwa.
Ngakhale mzere wa mulch, namsongole adzaloweratu, muyenera kumalira msinkhu nthawi zonse. Alstroemeria imamasula mu chaka choyamba chodzala, pambuyo pa miyezi iwiri, ndipo imamasula mpaka kumapeto kwa August. Pambuyo maluwa, timachotsa peduncle, timasiya masentimita 7 pa tsinde.
Zakudya zowonongeka zimatha kuchitidwa kawiri pachaka, m'nyengo ya masika ndi chilimwe. M'nyengo yozizira, chomeracho chimadulidwa kumtunda ndi kukumba pamodzi ndi muzu. Ndipo ngati nyengo yozizira siili frosty, ndipo ili wamkulu kuposa zaka ziwiri, mukhoza kudzaza malo otsetsereka ndi masamba owuma.
Kodi mungasamalire bwanji nthaka?
Nthaka yomwe alstromeria imakula iyenera kukhala yambiri yambiri, ndi fetereza. Nthaka imayenera kuthirira nthawi zonse, chinyezi chiyenera kudutsa 3 cm chakuya. Nthaka ikauma, mphukira sizidzafa, koma mbewu idzataya mawonekedwe ake.
Pa kukula kwa tchire, dothi liyenera kukhala lodzaza ndi nayitrogeni, komanso nthawi ya budding - ndi potaziyamu. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wambiri yomwe ili ndi potaziyamu, nayitrogeni ndi magnesium. Feteleza feteleza ya alstroemeria iyenera kuchitika masika ndi chilimwe.
Momwe mungapitirizire maluwa
Maluwa a Alstroemeria makamaka amadalira chisamaliro ndi feteleza. Koma pofuna kusunga maluwa okongola, zomera zimayenera kugonjetsedwa kudulira.
Mutabzala, duwa limatulutsa mphukira zambiri, pafupifupi 75 mpaka 110. Ayenera kukonzedwa mwezi uliwonse. Anachotsedwa ofooka ndi woonda zimayambira. Kawirikawiri, pafupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a shrub amathetsedwa, zomwe zimapereka zitsamba zonse kuti ziphuphuke mosavuta.
Nthawi yokumba ndi kusunga rhizomes
M'chaka choyamba cha maluwa a alstroemeria, sangathe kupulumuka m'nyengo yozizira, ndipo masamba omwe amawuluka pamwamba kapena pamwamba pake sangamuthandize. Rhizomes ndi zimayambira ayenera kukumba ndi 2, ndi zaka zitatu, mpaka mbewuyo ikulimbikitsidwa kwambiri.
M'dzinja, pamene nyengo ya chisanu imayamba, ndi nthawi yokumba maluwa. Kuti tichite zimenezi, timatchera timayendedwe pafupifupi masentimita 20. Timatenga foloki ndikuchimba mosamala kuti tisawononge mizu.
Mzu wofukula umasiyidwa pansi, ndikungosintha pang'ono. Chipinda chadothi chiyenera kukhala chouma pang'ono, kuti m'nyengo yozizira yosungirako mizu isasinthe. Sungani mizu m'chipinda chapansi kapena m'chipinda chapansi, kapena pamalo ena ndi kutentha kosapitirira 5 °.
Mukudziwa? Ngati msungwana wanu ali ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, mupatseni maluwa a alstroemeria, maluwa awa ndi odometsa ndipo samayambitsa matenda.
Alstroemeria pamakono
Maluwa okongola komanso osasangalatsa, monga Alstroemeria, akhoza kukhala chokongoletsera cha munda wanu wam'mbuyo, kukhala maziko abwino, kapena kukhala ogwirizana ndi anthu ambiri okongola a malo. Chifukwa cha kutalika kwakukulu (nthawi zina mpaka mamita 1.7) ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yowala: kuchokera ku pinki mpaka wofiira, zimawoneka bwino ngati maziko a maluwa.
Mgwirizanowu wa Alstroemeria ndi maluwa amphamvu ndi umodzi mwa malo otchuka kwambiri. Kuphatikizanso kwabwino ndiko kubzala kwa chrysanthemums. Makamaka ngati kukwera kwa mitundu yonseyo kumapangidwa ndi mitundu yofewa.
Ndipo mu piritsi ndi gerberas gwiritsani ntchito ma lalanje ndi pinki. Alstroemeria ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pamalo otchuka mu bedi lanu la maluwa. Pomwepo ndi otsutsana ndi duwa muyenera kusankha zomera zambiri monga stonecrop kapena iris. Kulota, mutha kukwaniritsa mgwirizano m'deralo.
Mukudziwa? Maluwa okhala ndi maluwa odulidwa akhoza kuimirira mwezi umodzi!
Njira zopangira alstroemeria
Alstroemeria imabereka njira ziwiri: ndi mbewu ndi magawano a rhizomes. Pazirombo zonsezi, maluwawo ayenera kusokonezeka m'chaka, isanayambe kukula. Ngati mumasokoneza mphukira zowonjezera panthawi ya kukula, sichidzatha pachimake chaka chino.
Mbewu ikhoza kukololedwa yokha, ndipo ikhoza kusunga ntchito yawo yobala kwa zaka 4. Mizu imaperekanso bwino m'chaka.
Gawo la rhizomes
Kugawidwa kwa rhizomes kuyenera kuchitidwa kumayambiriro kwa masika, isanayambe zomera zikukula. Ndi bwino kusankha otseka rhizomes, woonda kwambiri akhoza kupereka zofooka mphukira, kapena kuswera. Kwa kukumba ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mafoloko, kuti asawononge rhizomes.
Ma rhizomes amadulidwa mu magawo atatu, onse ayenera kukhala athanzi, opangidwa bwino komanso oposa khumi. Pofuna kupewa tizilombo ting'onoting'ono tomwe timayambitsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tilumikizani magawo ndi njira yochepa ya potassium permanganate.
Timabzala mizu pafupifupi 4 zidutswa pa mita imodzi. Kutsika kwa dzenje kumadalira molingana ndi kukula kwa muzu, koma kawirikawiri sizoposa 30 masentimita. Mutabzala, timaphimba pansi ndi kompositi ndi madzi. Ngati mizu yayamba bwino, maluwa adzawonekera chaka chamawa.
Mbewu
Kukula alstroemeria kuchokera ku mbeu ndi kotheka m'miphika kwa mbande, ndipo nthawi yomweyo pansi. Mitundu ina yokha ya Alstroemeria ikhoza kupulumuka m'nyengo yozizira, kotero kwa zaka 2-3 ziyenera kukumbidwa m'nyengo yozizira.
Kuti mbeu izimbe, amafunika kukonza, kukalamba m'nthaka yapadera pamadera otentha, isanafike. Zambiri za mfundoyi zifotokozedwa pamwambapa m'nkhaniyi.
Kukaniza kwa alstroemeria kwa tizirombo ndi matenda: momwe tingachitire ndi iwo ngati mutawononge maluwa
Ngakhale kuti ali ndi chikondi komanso chochepa cha maluwa, zimakhala zosagonjetsedwa ndi tizirombo ndi matenda. Ngati nthaka ili ndi madzi osauka kapena ngati mpweya uli wambiri, ndiye kuti alstroemeria ikhoza kudwala. imvi zowola.
Zitha kukhalaponso nthawi ya mvula yambiri. Kuti mupulumutse chomeracho, mukufunikira Pangani ndondomekoyi ndi yankho lokhazikikamwa kubwereza izo patatha masabata atatu.
Zirombo zazikulu za alstromeria ndizo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Koma ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo monga Karbofos, Aktara, kapena njira zoterozo, nthawi zonse mumakhala ndi mankhwala osakaniza.
Kukongola kwa duwa kumakondedwa padziko lonse, kotero inu mukhoza kuchiwona kulikonse mu dziko. Mukhozanso kukula alstormeria m'munda mwanu, mukuwona malamulo osavuta ofunika.
