Zonse zosiyanasiyana kwa wamaluwa ku Central Russia - Peyala "Dessert Rossoshanskaya"

Ngakhale mtengo wa peyala umakhala malo atatu pambuyo pa apulo ndi mitengo ya chitumbuwa, iyo imawoneka ngati mlendo kunja kwa nyanja: ndi thermophilic, yodziwa chilala ndi chisanu, chopanda chitetezo motsutsana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Malingana ndi umboni wa mabuku a Hellas wakale ndi mankhwala a Sumerian, chomera ichi chadziwika kwa anthu kwa zaka masauzande, komabe nsonga ya peyala inali m'zaka za zana la 18, pamene anthu anayamba kuganizira za kulima ndi kudula maluwawa.

Zosankha za kusankha kusankha

Kusankhidwa kwa anthu, mosiyana ndi mtengo wa apulo, kuyesa peyala yake mosamala, ndipo pali zifukwa zingapo izi:

• kukhalapo kwa zitsanzo zachilengedwe zakutchire, kugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino mu mankhwala ndi kudyedwa;
• chipangizo chokhazikika cha zomera, chomwe chimachepetsa kutalika kwake kufika 60 ° kumpoto;
• kuwononga peyala ngati chomera chosagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu choyamba ndi nkhanambo zomwe zakhudzidwa;
• kuonongeka kwa kukoma kwa zipatso, chifukwa cha kusapsa kwawo kosakwanira pansi pa zikhalidwe za nyengo yozizira ku Russia ndi kukhalapo kwa stony maselo mu zamkati, zomwe zimawoneka makamaka mu mapeyala osapsa;
• kuyesa kulima mitundu ya kum'mwera kwa Ulaya mu minda yoweta.

Peyala anamva bwino ku Crimea, kum'mwera madera a Central Black Earth dera, North Caucasus. Khama la abambo a ku Central Russia linalimbikitsa makamaka kukonzanso kukoma kwa chipatsocho, osati poyika zizindikiro zazomera zomwe zimalimbikitsa kupulumuka mmavuto.

Ku Central Chernozem dera, mitundu ya peyala ili yabwino kwambiri: Gera, Cathedral, Krasnobakaya, Krasulya ndi Lada.

Fufuzani njira zowonjezera nyengo yozizira-yolimba mapeyala m'dziko lathu anayamba I.V. Michurin chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19. Zotsatira zake zinali zoyesayesa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito monga katundu wa Ussuri nyama yamtchire, kukhala nayo Chofunika kwambiri cha chisanu kukana (mpaka - 30 ° C).

M'dera lamtundu uliwonse, mabungwe ofufuza za sayansi ndi malo okulitsa zipatso adalengedwa kuti apange zatsopano zowonjezera. Mu 1937, imodzi mwa iwo inali chipatso ndi mabulosi otetezedwa, omwe ankakhazikika kumbuyo kwa Voronezh wolemba Ulyanischev.

Pano, nkhondo itatha, sitima ya ku Rossoshanskaya inakhazikitsidwa (dzina la chigawo), kumene mtundu watsopano wa peyala, Rossoshanskaya Dessert, unabadwa.

Analoledwa kukayesedwa mu 1952, ndipo mu 1975 adaikidwa mu Register Register ndipo adalandira tikiti yoti apatsidwe m'minda yamalonda. Belgorod, Voronezh, Kursk dera komanso North Caucasus.

Dzinalo la zosiyanasiyana limasonyeza cholinga chachikulu cha chipatso - kupeza mapeyala okoma kwambiri othandizira monga chakudya.

Ndi mtundu wa mtundu wanji

Ngati mitundu yatsopanoyi ikhala ngati mchere, ndiye kuti ku Voronezh, mitundu yatsopano idalengedwa yomwe inali yoyenera kwambiri kulima mafakitale:

• otsika kapena sing'anga;
• shuga wapamwamba mu zipatso;
• chobala zipatso;
• yoyenera yosungirako nthawi yaitali ndi kayendedwe kazitsulo.

Monga chilengedwe rootstocks kuti apeze mitundu yatsopano yamaluwa yogwiritsa ntchito peyala yapamwamba yofanana ndi gawo lililonse, ndi mbiri yakale ya kukula:

• Tsamba la Russia ndi mitundu itatu yambiri (Central Russia);
• Peyala ya ku Caucasus ndi mitundu 24 (mapiri a Caucasus);
• Ussuri pear (Kum'maŵa Kumidzi);
• peyala ya peyala (Central Asia).

Kuwerengera nyengo yobzala kwa mtundu wina uliwonse, fufuzani njira yabwino pamadera ena, pogwiritsa ntchito nthawi ya zipatso:

• mitundu ya chilimwe - kucha kumatha kumapeto kwa July; Maulendo atsopano a zipatso zoterewa amatha masiku 10 okha;
• mitundu ya autumn - kucha kumapezeka kumapeto kwa September; Kusungidwa kwa zipatso popanda kutaya kukoma kumatheka kokha m'chipinda chosungiramo madzi osapitirira miyezi iwiri;
• mitundu yozizira - Kukolola kumachitika mu October; mapeyala mu yosungirako amafikira kukhwima; akhoza kusungidwa mufiriji mpaka February.

Zomwe zimayambira

Chilengedwe cha mtundu watsopano wosakanizidwa wa chomera cha zipatso chimaphatikizapo inoculation ya mitundu yodalitsika ya malonda ogulitsa kuti chitsa chikhale chosinthidwa m'deralo.

Kwa "Dessert Rossoshanskaya" kholo lazitsulo mitundu yazitsulo monga:

• "Bech (yozizira) Michurin" - zosiyanasiyana zoziziraanalengedwa pamaziko a nyama zakutchire za Ussuri, zomwe zinapereka nyengo yapadera yozizira yolimba; Zipatso zazing'ono zowutsa mudyo, zokhala ndi shuga 10%, zowonjezera pang'ono; nthawi yosungirako zipatso zakula; ntchito yaikulu ndiyi nkhanambo, zokolola zozizwitsa, zoyenera kusungirako nthawi yaitali; zosiyana zakhala kholo la zowonjezera 50 zatsopano;
• "Forest Beauty" - zosiyanasiyana zadzinja ndi mbiri yakale ya Belgium; kukoma kwa zipatso zofiira; mitengo - masabata atatu; fruiting sizakhazikika, koma pamwamba; nyengo yozizira ndi chilala chosagonjetsedwa; awiri awiri awiri; osatetezeka ku nkhanambo.

Ngati muli ndi chidwi ndi mitundu yopanda matenda, samverani mitundu ya Nick, Limonka, Victoria, Kupava, Cosmic.

Malingana ndi makhalidwe a kholo, zingatheke kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana idzakhala ndi zomwe zinachitika:

• mkulu;
• kukoma kokoma;
• khalidwe labwino;
• zovuta za mbande;
• chokolola chachikulu;
• kukana scab;
• kusasaka nthaka;
• zoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito yobereketsa.

Pakati pa odzichepetsa mitundu angathenso kusiyanitsa Chizhovskaya, Yakovlevskaya, Nursery, Fairy Tale ndi mutu.

Mavuto a mawonekedwe ophatikizirawa ndi olowa kuchokera ku "Forest Beauty", kudzidzimva nokha komanso kusakanikirana koyenera.

Zosangalatsa: Pofuna kupeza hybrids ndi makhalidwe omwe amapatsidwa, n'zotheka kuti inoculate peyala osati pamtundu wa wachibale wobiriwira, komanso pa mtengo wa apulo, irgu, quince. Pankhani iyi, zidzatheka kupanga peyala ngati palmette.

Tsatanetsatane wa peyala zosiyanasiyana "Dzuwa Rossoshanskaya"

1. Mtengo mphamvu yamakono ndi yapamwamba (10-15 mamita) ndi koronadi ya korona. Kukonza korona kumapangitsa kuti mbewuyo ikhale yosafunika kwambiri kuti ikhale yopanda mphamvu.
2. Thunthu ndi nthambi za chigoba ndizo imvi ndi imvi zofiirira.
3. Young mphukira wa mapeyala amadziwika ndi kwambiri makulidwe ndi kuwala kofiira mtundu.
4. Fruiting graft ikubwera pa chaka chachisanu.
5. Impso za mitundu iwiri: vegetative ndi zopatsa. Kusiyanitsa kukula ndi mawonekedwe.
6. Maluwawo ndi osadziletsa, omwe amasonkhanitsidwa ku inflorescences pamagetsi apakati, omwe amakhala oyera, ndipo nthawi zina amapanga pinki.

   Pakusankha mavitamini, nthawi zambiri, amatsogoleredwa ndi nthawi ya maluwa.

   Kufanana kotereku kumawonetsedwa mu mitundu ya mapeyala "Marble", "Autumn Yakovlev" ndi "Tatyana".

Nkofunikira: Mmodzi wa mitengoyi ayenera kukhala m'munda pafupi ndi zofotokozedwa zosiyanasiyana, mwinamwake sipadzakhala kukolola, kapena zipatso zosaoneka zomwe sizidzawongolera komanso zopanda vuto.

7. Zipatso zazitali zazikulu ndi zofooka peyala mawonekedwe - mofanana ngati maapulo. Khungu ndi lochepa thupi, panthawi ya kukula, chikasu chobiriwira ndi zonyezimira komanso zotsalira.

   Mnofu ndi wokoma, wamadzi wonyezimira, wokoma ndi peyala. Mtengo wa kulawa umakhudzidwa ndi kuchepa kwa kukula kwa maselo a miyala.

   Mtundu wa mapeyala odulidwa ndi woyera, kirimu ndibokosi lotsekedwa ndi mbewu zofiira. Kuwunika kulawa pazinga lolawa - mfundo zisanu.

Zosangalatsa: Peyala nthawi zonse amawoneka okoma kuposa apulo. Izi si chifukwa chakuti zamkati zake zili ndi shuga wambiri, koma chifukwa pali pafupifupi mankhwala osakaniza pa peyala, kapena alipo pang'ono.



8. Peyala "Dessert Rossoshanskaya" ankadziwika ndi mkulu zokolola (mpaka 70 makilogalamu pa mtengo). Zowonjezera zokolola pa hekitala ya munda wa mafakitale m'zaka zosiyana ndi 120-300 makilogalamu.
9. Kupsa kwa chipatso kumachitika nthawi mitundu ya autumn. Kukula kwa okhuta kumabwera pambuyo pa zokolola.

Mitundu ya m'dzinja imaphatikizansopo: Svetlyanka, Perun, Samara Kukongola, Bere Bosk ndi Larinskaya.

10. Zipatso zili ndi chilengedwe chonse ndipo zimadziwika ndi mikhalidwe yamtengo wapamwamba, yoyenera kusungirako ndi kutalika kwamtunda.
11. Izi zosiyanasiyana palibe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kusowa kwakukulu - matenda septoria.
12. Zomera zozizira zozizira pamene zimasamukira kumpoto zimasintha (mkulu mpaka sing'anga). N'zotheka kulimbikitsa zotsatira za nyengo yozizira yovuta ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana poyikira pamodzi mapeyala osagwira chisanu mu korona wamtengo.

Good winter hardiness amasiyana: Rogneda, Sverdlovchanka, Lel, Chudesnitsa ndi Chizhovskaya.

Chithunzi

Kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza zosiyanasiyana ndikuwona mapeyala "Dessert Rossoshanskaya" akhoza kukhala pa chithunzi pansipa:

Zipatso ntchito

Palibe odziwa bwino za mapeyala omwe amapezeka ku dziko lapansi kuposa French. Mu zakudya zawo za dziko pali zakudya zambiri zophweka komanso zovuta kuchokera ku chipatso ichi. Momwe mungadye ndi kupindula kwakukulu ndi zosangalatsa - amadziwa bwino kwambiri, nazonso. Nazi malingaliro, mwa lingaliro lawo, ayenera kutsatira:

• Mitengo yokometsera yokoma ndi yamtengo wapatali yomwe imadyetsedwa mitundu yowonjezera imadyedwa mwatsopano (mitundu yovuta ya mafakitale mu mawonekedwe awo opangidwira ingayambitse ubongo, ndi bwino kuphika);
• mchere wonyezimira sungasunkhidwe, monga khungu liri ndi zowonjezereka kwambiri;
• Mapeyala samaidya kamodzi kokha atatha kudya kapena pamimba yopanda kanthu: malamulo amafunika kuyembekezera mphindi 30-40 pakati pa chakudya;
• mlingo wothandiza wa peyala zipatso - zidutswa ziwiri mu sitepe imodzi, kapena 1 peyala + 1 apulo, kapena peyala 1 + 3;
• monga zipatso zina zokoma, mapeyala sayenera kutsukidwa ndi zakumwa za carbonated kapena nthawi yomweyo amasunthira ku zakudya zopatsa nyama;
• mapeyala adzayenera kusiyidwa ndi anthu omwe ali ndi matenda oopsa a zilonda zam'mimba, komanso omwe amavutika ndi kudzimbidwa;
• Mapeyala otsika a kalori amawapanga iwo zipatso zosangalatsa za dieters; Ndi bwino kugwira ntchito "peyala" masiku osala kudya pamene 1-2 makilogalamu a mapeyala amadya muyeso itatu;
• anthu oposa 40 adzapindula ndi vitamini ya zipatso izi ndi folic acid zomwe zili nazo;
• Zowonjezera komanso zowonongeka za mapeyala zimayamba ndi malingaliro a zakumwa zawo, chifukwa chake zimalangizidwa kuti mudye mapeyala omwe akukula m'dera lanu, osati mankhwala omwe amangoitanitsa.

Malangizo omwe mungakonde

1. Peyala sakonda kusinthaChoncho, ayenera nthawi yomweyo kudziwa malo otetezedwa kwambiri komanso otetezedwa m'munda. Kuonjezera apo, ziyenera kuganiziridwa pobzala kuti korona wa mtengo ukuwonjezeka ndi 30-40 masentimita pa chaka.
2. Kuteteza ku kasupe thawed chisanu, chomera Ayenera kubzalidwa pamtunda wokongoletsedwapokweza pamwamba pa malo onse okhala.
3. Kusamalira zosiyanasiyana "Dessert Rossoshshanskaya" si zosiyana ndi zofunikira za agrotechnology kwa peyala mitengo ya Russian kusankha: kudulira, kuthirira, feteleza, zowononga kupopera mbewu mankhwala.
4. Musayembekezere kufalitsa izi zosiyanasiyana ndi mbewu: chirichonse chiyenera kubzalidwa posachedwa ndi mtsogolo. Ndibwino kuti mwamsanga mutengere mwamphamvu ndi ubwino wabwino ndikupanga chisankho (diso inoculation).
5. Korona wa mtengo wa peyala umapereka mthunzi wabwino, choncho ndibwino kuti uzibzala m'malo osangalatsa: pamwamba pa benchi kapena gazebo.