Kuwonjezera pa tizirombo, cacti amaika ngozi yaikulu. matenda, chifukwa cha mabakiteriya, nkhungu ndi mavairasi. Zopanda zoopsa ndi matenda osamalira mosayenera. Pofuna kuthandiza cacti pa nthawi yake, muyenera kudziwa za matendawa ndi momwe mungalimbane nawo. Timakumbukira matenda otchuka kwambiri omwe amachititsa kachipata ndi njira zothandizira.
Phytophthora
Phytophthora cactus - matenda a fungal omwe amapezeka ndi bowa a mtundu wa Phytophora, amatumizidwa ku chomera kuchokera ku nthaka yodwala matenda. Motsogoleredwa ndi nkhungu bowa, tizilombo timene timakhala timene timakhala timene timakhala timeneti. Mizu ya cacti ndi m'munsi mwa mapesi akuvunda ku matendawa. Chomera cholimba chingapulumutsidwe pokhapokha pakugwedeza gawo lakumtunda wathanzi kapena kuziika pa mizu yathanzi. Pamene zilonda sizikhala zovuta kwambiri, zikulimbana nazo, kuchotsa ziwalo zowola ndi kuziwaza malo ndi sulfure kapena mafuta a malasha. Ndipo tikulimbikitsanso kuti tizilomboti tibwerere mu nthaka yosawilitsidwa, yomwe mchenga wawonjezeredwa.
Ndikofunikira! Spores a phytophthora bowa mosavuta kugwera zilonda zilizonse ndi zilonda za tsinde. Kukhoza kwa matenda a cactus kumawonjezeka ngati dothi limanyowa, makamaka nyengo yozizira.
Zouma zowola
Choyambitsa zouma zouma ndi nkhungu. Zouma, ndi zowonongeka zimayambira cactus - chizindikiro cha zowola. Kugonjetsa izo ndi kovuta kwambiri, chifukwa nthawi zambiri matendawa amapezeka pakapita masitepe. Koma mukhoza kutenga njira zothandizira - kukonza chomera katatu pa chaka ndi fungicides.
Nsomba zamoto
Amayambitsa matenda opatsirana a cacti, komanso amayamba chifukwa cha mabakiteriya ndi mavairasi. Zomwe zimayambira pa chivundikirocho zimakhala zotentha kwambiri, ziphuphu, zotupa, zomwe siziyenera kuchotsa, chifukwa zipsera zimakhalabe m'malo awo. Kutha kwa dzimbiri zamatenda kumawonjezeka ndi madontho otentha, kutentha kwa dzuwa, ndi madzi ozizira. Kulimbana ndi kofunika kuchiza cacti ndi fungicides zomwe sizingapitirize kufalikira kwa dzimbiri pa thupi la cactus. Mtundu wina wa cacti spotting ndi mtundu wina, womwe umakhala wouma, wouma, utoto wofiirira kapena utoto wofiira umaonekera pa thupi la khungu. Mukhoza kumenyana pogwiritsa ntchito Bordeaux kusakaniza, colloidal sulfure kapena mkuwa sulphate yankho.
Tsinde lovunda
RRibkovaya matenda, kukhudza, monga lamulo, achinyamata cacti. Zomwe zimayambira zimakhala zowonongeka, ndipo pamwamba pa zimayambira zimaphimbidwa ndi velvety wobiriwira pachimake - kucha zipatso za bowa. Pakangopita masiku angapo, zimatenga bowa kuti liwononge mbewu zonse. Zowola zouma zimakula bwino kutentha kochepa ndi kutentha kwamtunda. Zilonda ziyenera kuchotsedwa.
Mukudziwa? Ng'ombe zomwe zimadyetsa cacti zimapereka mkaka wambiri. Choncho, alimi a ku Mexican amadyetsa ng'ombe zawo ndi opuntia zazitsulo.
Fusarium
Matendawa, omwe amapezeka ndi bowa a Fusarium, amachititsa kuti azikhala ndi mbali zina. Matendawa amafalikira pang'onopang'ono, choyamba mizu, kenako imalowa m'kati, ndikufika pamwamba, ndipo zomera zimatha. Chizindikiro cha fusarium ndi zotengera zofiira zofiira. Kuwonjezera apo, zimayambira zili ndi pinki kapena phokoso pachimake, kukwinya ndi kugwa. Kuchuluka kwa chinyezi m'nthaka ndi kutentha kwapamwamba - malo abwino kuti apange fusarium. Ngati nthendayo ikudwala ndi fusarium, iyenera kuwonongedwa, koma ngati njira yothandizira, muyenera kutsatira kayendedwe ka ulimi wothirira ndi kutentha kwakukulu, kupewa kutentha kwa zomera, kugwiritsa ntchito nthaka yokha, kupewa madzi ambiri a nayitrogeni, madzi ndi maziko, ndipo sichiyenera kulandira.
Kansa imayambira komanso mizu
Matenda omwe amatsogolera ku kukula kosadziwika kwa mizu ya cactus ndi zimayambira. Mchitidwewo ukhoza kukhala wamtundu kapena wamba. Pachifukwa chachiwiri, zomera zimamwalira kwathunthu. Nthaŵi zina chifukwa cha khansa ndi mavairasi omwe amamenyana ndi maselo obzala. Palibe njira zothetsera khansa ya mizu ndi zimayambira. Chomeracho chiyenera kuwonongedwa.
Matenda osayenera
Kuwonjezera pa mavairasi, mabakiteriya ndi fungal matenda a cacti, palinso otchedwa matenda opatsirana, matenda osayenera. Izi zimaphatikizapo kutentha (mankhwala ndi dzuwa), chisanu, kutaya kuwala, kusefukira, kuswa, kupitirira komanso kusowa kwa nayitrogeni, kusowa kwa phosphorous, kukula kwa nthaka, ndi zina.
Mukudziwa? M'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Mediterranean ku Monte Carlo ndi munda wokhawokha wa cacti, woimiridwa ndi mazana a mitundu ya cacti ikukula pansi pamlengalenga.
Mapesi a chikasu
Matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha mabakiteriya komanso mavairasi, komanso kusowa kwazomwe zimakhala ndi zakudya m'nthaka. Kufalikira kwa matendawa kumayambira kumapeto kwa mphukira, ndipo zimatha kudziwika ndi kusintha kwa mtundu pamapeto a zimayambira - mtundu wonyezimira wobiriwira umasintha ku chikasu chowawa. Nthawi zina matendawa amakhala aakulu ndipo amatha zaka zambiri. Ngati nthendayi yasanduka yachikasu, ndiye kuti mwinamwake, njira yokhayo yogonjetsera matendawa ndi kuonjezera chilengedwe cha chitetezo pogwiritsa ntchito feteleza.
Kutentha kwa dzuwa
Nsalu zoyera, zoyera kapena zofiirira pa ntchentche, zomwe sizimachiritsa kwa nthawi yayitali, zingasonyeze kuti zikuwombera dzuwa. Kawirikawiri, kutentha kwa dzuwa kumakhala kasupe, pamene nyamayi ikatha m'nyengo yozizira imawonekera kuwala kwa dzuwa pamsewu. N'zosatheka kuwachiritsa, ndipo pofuna kupeŵa izi, ndibwino kuti mitundu yambiri ya cacti pritenyat, pang'onopang'ono izolowere kuwala kwa dzuwa.
Mankhwala amawotcha
Izi cacti zimatentha zimatheka chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza tizilombo.
Ndikofunikira! Mankhwala onse ogula ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera malinga ndi malangizo, omwe amasonyeza malamulo awo.
Frostbite
Monga lamulo, chisanu chotchedwa frostbite chingatenge chikondwerero m'nyengo yozizira ndi kuchepa kwakukulu mu kutentha. Ngati chomeracho chimakhala chozizira kwambiri, ndiye kuti chimakhala chosasintha, ndipo ngati chimangokhala frostbitten, mawanga akuonekera. Nthendayi ikakhala yotentha kwambiri, imatha kuchiritsidwa, ndipo pang'onopang'ono -funika kuigwedeza pang'onopang'ono. Masiku ochepa oyambirira muyenera kusungira kutentha pa 0 ° C, ndiyeno pang'onopang'ono mukweza.
Kupanda kuwala
Nthendayi ikasowa kuwala, imakula (yotsekemera) - tsinde lake latambasula, mtundu wa thunthu umatuluka, kutalika kwa mitsempha ndi chiwerengero chawo chikucheperachepera, ndipo palibe zowonjezereka zomwe zikukula pa kukula. Kukonzekera izi, njerezi imayenera kuikidwa pamalo ounikiridwa kwambiri, ndipo mungathe kudulidwa nsonga. Pofuna kuteteza kulenga koyendera bwino kwa mbewu.
Kulingalira kwa nthaka
HKulumikiza kwa nthaka kumachitika chifukwa cha kuthirira kwa cacti ndi madzi ovuta, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi salsiamu salt muwonjezera. Zotsatira zake, cactus yanu imadetsedwa kapena zimayambira zimayamba kusokoneza. Zidzathandiza kuthetsa vutoli lokha lokha.
Owonjezera nayitrogeni mu nthaka
Kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni m'nthaka kumabweretsa kukula kwakukulu kwa zomera, zomwe sizikuyenda ndi maluwa. Izi zimachitika kawirikawiri ngati feteleza okhala ndi mkulu wa nayitrojeni akugwiritsidwa ntchito. Zizindikiro zazikulu za nayitrogeni yochuluka m'nthaka ndi kukula kochepa kwa mitsempha chifukwa cha kukula kwakukulu kwa tsinde, kuvunda kwa mizu, kusintha kwa kusintha kwa kutentha, zomera zimayikidwa matenda osiyanasiyana. Yankho la vutoli ndilo kusamalidwa kwa cactus m'nthaka, zomwe sizili ndi zakudya zambiri.
Mukudziwa? M'nthaŵi zakale, madokotala a ku Latin America amagwiritsa ntchito singano zowonjezera kuti zidye mabala.
Matenda a cacti kwambiri. Kuteteza khungu kumatenda osiyanasiyana kumaphatikizapo kuchita nthawi zonse zowononga komanso zowononga.
