Nyama yokonzedwanso nthawizonse yakhala yamtengo wapatali kuposa yogulitsidwa, makamaka chifukwa cha khalidwe lake lapamwamba ndi limene linatchulidwa phindu la thanzi laumunthu.
Alimi omwe akumanga bizinesi yawo ya ng'ombe amakhala okonda kusankha zoweta ng'ombe ali ndi msinkhu wa kusintha kwa nyengo zosiyanasiyana ndi zokolola zabwino.
Ng'ombe za ku Hereford zikhoza kukhala ndi gulu ili.
Mbiri ya mtundu wa Hereford
Mizu ya ng'ombe ya Hereford imayamba UK. Kwa nthawi yoyamba ng'ombe ya mtundu uwu inabadwa mu XVIIIth ku Northern Ireland komwe ili ku Herefordshire, chifukwa cha zomwe anthu akulima omwe adafuna kusintha zamoyo ndi zokolola zam'deralo.
Achimereka anachita ntchito yabwino kuti abweretse mtundu umenewu kudziko lino.
Chifukwa cha ntchitoyi, ng'ombe za Hereford zinapeza malamulo amphamvu, misala yochititsa chidwi komanso luso lapadera loti lizigwirizana ndi nyengo iliyonse.
Makhalidwewa adawathandiza kuti akhale otchuka padziko lonse - kuchokera kumpoto ndi South America kupita ku Africa ndi Australia.
Iwo anabweretsedwa ku dziko lathu nthawi ya Soviet Union, nkhondo isanayambe 1941-1945.
Kuwoneka kwa ng'ombe ndi ng'ombe
Ng'ombe za Hereford zimadziwika ndi kupirira bwino, kupirira kwa nthawi yaitali popanda mavuto.
Kuwoneka kwa ziwetozi ndizosangalatsa kwambiri..
Chifukwa cha zolemera zawo, zazikulu ndi zovuta thupi, ng'ombe za Hereford zimadziwika kwambiri motsutsana ndi mbiri ya ng'ombe za mitundu ina.
Amadziwika mosavuta ndi zotsatirazi:
- mitu yonse ndi yamphamvu, yofiira; khosi ndi lalifupi;
- nyanga - zofiira, zoyera, pamapeto - mdima, kutsogolo ndi kumbali;
- Mtundu uli wofiira-bulauni, koma mphuno, milomo, kufota, khosi, khosi, mimba ndi ngaya pamchira ndi zoyera;
- thupi liri squat ndi lalitali, zolinga za khungu ndi zakuda;
- miyendo ndi yaifupi komanso yowonjezereka;
- udder mwa akazi - wofatsa.
Masiku ano, ng'ombe ya Hereford ndi imodzi mwazofala kwambiri padziko lapansi. Izi ndi chifukwa chakuti Zomwe zilipo sizifuna khama komanso ndalama zambiri.
Iwo ali amakhala zaka 15-18, lodziwika ndi kukula mofulumira komanso kudya mosadzichepetsa. Kuwonjezera kwina kwakukulu - kubweretsa ana wathanzi.
Zizindikiro
Hereford ziweto ng'ombe zimakhala ndi chidwi miyeso:
- kukula nyama zazikulu - pamwamba pa 130 cm;
- chest girth: ng'ombe - 190-195 cm, bullheads - 210-215 masentimita;
- kulemera: ng'ombe - 550-700 makilogalamu (ku UK - mpaka 850 kg), ng'ombe - 850-1000 makilogalamu (kufika 1300 makilogalamu - ku UK).
Nkhumba zimabadwa polemera 25-28 makilogalamu (ziweto) ndi 28-34 kg (bullheads). Malamulo abwino a ng'ombe amathandiza kuti mwanayo asamavutike, motero kuchepetsa kufa kwa ana ang'onoang'ono.
Zimakula mofulumira ndikulemera bwino. Pofika zaka chimodzi, mkaziyo amalemera makilogalamu 290, mwamuna wamwamuna - 340 makilogalamu (ali ndi mafuta okwana makilogalamu 400). Pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yotsatira, iwo amawonjezera pafupifupi makilogalamu 100.
Chenjerani: Nkhalangoyi ndi mtundu wa nyama, choncho, ng'ombezi sizimapanga maola 1100 mpaka 1200 mkaka pachaka.Monga lamulo, ng'ombe izi sizimayamwa, mkaka wonse umapita kukadyetsa ana, omwe amakula pa chiberekero.
Nyama ng'ombe ya Hereford amtengo wapatali kwambiri pamsika wogulitsa chifukwa chokhala ndi makhalidwe abwino: ndi "marble", yowutsa mudyo, wachifundo, yowonjezera komanso yapamwamba kwambiri. Mafayala ali ndi thupi lochepa kwambiri, mafutawo amakhala osiyana.
Nyama zikuluzikulu zimatumizidwa kukaphedwa. Pakulemera, analandira kuchokera kumutu umodzi wa ng'ombe, ndi pafupifupi 82-84%, zipatso zophera - 58-70%.
Chithunzi
Chithunzi cha mtundu wa Hereford ng'ombe:
Kusamalira ndi kusamalira
Ganizirani mfundo ziwiri zofunika kwambiri zomwe zingatheke kuti abambo otha kusamalira amatha kuchita zonse molondola.
Zosowa zoweta ng'ombe za ku Hereford ndizochepa kwambiri.
Chenjerani: malo omwe Herefords akukhala ayenera kukhala owuma ndi oyera. Ng'ombe za mtundu uwu zimagwirizanitsa ngakhale nyengo yovuta kwambiri, komabe, zojambulazo zingawachititse manyazi.
Amayi ayenera kusamalira ming'alu yonse mu nkhokwe inasindikizidwa. Nyama ziyenera nthawi zonse kukhala ndi mwayi wopeza madzi ndi chakudya, kotero ogwiritsa ntchito madzi ayenera kuikidwa pakati pa nkhokwe.
Zofunikira - kukhalapo kwa malo odyetserako ziweto. Sizimapweteka kumanga makola osiyana a akazi ndi ana a ng'ombe ndi makola a ana a ng'ombe.
Kukonzekera kudzakhala kumanga chipinda chapadera kwa ng'ombe zazikazi. Abweretseni kumeneko ayenera kukhala masiku angapo asanabadwe, ndipo atatha kubereka, ayenera kukhala kumeneko kwa sabata lina.
Mphamvu
Kusunga Ng'ombe za Hereford Kulipira eni eni mochepa. Chakudya chawo cha tsiku ndi tsiku chimakhala ndi udzu wosakanizidwa ndi balere wosasunthika.
Chenjerani: Ng'ombe zamphongo ziyenera kulandira chakudya chapadera, chifukwa mphamvu ndi mphamvu zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyamwitsa mwana pachiberekero.
Mtolo wa khola uyenera kukhala ndi silage, chakudya chouma komanso zofunikira zamchere.
Ng'ombe zatsopano zimadya mkaka wa amayi, zomwe ayenera kulandira maola 1.5 oyambirira atabadwa. Pakatha masabata awiri, chakudya chawo chingayambe kuchepetsedwa ndi udzu., ndiye pang'onopang'ono mumaphatikizapo mchere wambiri komanso wochuluka kwambiri.
Ng'ombeyo imakhala pa nthawi yomwe mayi ake amawonda kwa theka la chaka, kenako imachotsedwa ku udder ndikupita ku khola losiyana. Mbuzi yamphongo iyenera kukhala ndi udzu, zakudya zowonjezera komanso zokoma. Ndikofunikira ndipo m'pofunika kuwonjezera phosphorous, calcium ndi mapuloteni.
Matenda
Ng'ombe za ku Hereford omwe amadziwika ndi thanzi labwinoChoncho, zochitika pakati pa oimirira ndizochitika zosavuta kwambiri.
Pofuna kupewa izi, eni eniwo adzasamalira zinthu zabwino mu nkhokwe.
Kuswana malamulo
Nkhokwe zoberekera ku Hereford mtundu wapadera nzeru sizinali zosiyana. Mbali ya zoweta ziweto, zimayenera kupereka apafords ndi zinthu zoyenera zogwirira ntchito ndi zakudya zabwino, kuphatikizapo zinthu zofunika kwambiri m'zinthu zina za moyo wawo.
Chenjerani: Ngati kuli kofunika kuti asungidwe oyera a Herefords ndi makhalidwe awo, kuyambuka kwa munthu aliyense kuyenera kuchitika kokha pakati pa mtundu woperekedwa.
Zizindikiro za nyama za ng'ombe iyi ndizopambana ndipo zimafalitsidwa bwino ku ziweto za m'tsogolo.
Akatswiri amagwiritsa ntchito khalidwe ili pamene Herefords akuwoloka ndi anzawo a mitundu ina.
Ng'ombe za Hereford zatsimikiziridwa pa mafakitale amakono a zinyama.
Zopanda ulemu, kuleza mtima kwambiri ndi ng'ombe yamphongo anapanga Herefords imodzi mwa mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya ng'ombe.
