Kukula mphesa ndi ntchito yosangalatsa komanso yosangalatsa yomwe ingafanane ndi kulenga kwenikweni, makamaka pankhani ya kulima, kubalana ndi kuswana kwa mitundu yatsopano, ndi zokonda ndi zoyambirira.
Posachedwapa, chiwerengero chawo chikuwonjezeka, kotero wolima aliyense angasankhe yekha mtundu woyenera kwambiri, wofanana ndi zomwe akumana nazo ndi zomwe amakonda.
Pa nthawi yomweyi, njira yowonjezera yosankha zomera pamene ikukula m'dera la dziko lathu ndikutentha kwawo komanso kusakhudzidwa ndi chitukuko cha matenda osiyanasiyana.
Zonsezi ndizokhazikika "Liana", ndikuphatikiza kukoma mtima ndi kudzichepetsa mu chisamaliro.
Ndi mtundu wanji?
Mphesa "Liana" ("Vierul", Moldova) Zina mwa gulu la mitundu yoyera ya tebulo ndi nthawi yokalamba.
Karmakod, Korinka Russkaya, Alexander ndi Pleven amakhalanso ndi mitundu ya tebulo.
Nthawi yomwe tsamba limatuluka kuti likolole liri pafupi masiku 125-135. Yambani kwathunthu ndi September 10-15.
Amethyst, Crystal ndi Athos amakhalanso atsopano.
Wovuta ndi wolimba. Sifunikira malo osungirako nyengo yozizira, pansi pa chisanu chokwanira.
Pa nthawi yomweyo, ngakhale nyengo yozizira kwambiri, mpaka 57 peresenti, ndipo 76 peresenti ya masamba otsala adzakhalabe pamunda. Zotsatira zabwino pa kukula ndi kukolola zikuwonetsedwa pa dothi la kuwala ndi loamy mtundu.
Zili bwino kulekerera ndi chisanu ndi mitundu monga Kukongola kwa Kumpoto, Super Extra ndi Arched.
Samalani: Polima izi, ndikofunikira kumamatira kulemera kwa maso a 40-50 pa chitsamba. Kudulira kuyenera kuchitidwa pa maso 6-9.
Mphesa Lyan: kufotokozera zosiyanasiyana
Kukula kwa masango mu "Liana" - ambiri.
Zili ndi mawonekedwe ophatikizana kapena aang'ono, omwe ali ndi mazira ndi mawonekedwe akulu (pafupifupi 3.8 g, magawo: 2.5 x 1.8 cm). Ambiri olemera thupi ndi 300 mpaka 400 g, kukula: 16 x 12 cm.
Mtundu wa Zipatso: zobiriwira zobiriwira ndi golide, nthawi zina ndi zotchedwa "tani". Mavitaminiwo ndi amchere, ndi juiciness abwino ndi khungu lofewa. Chiwerengero cha mbewu sizing'ono (nthawi zambiri osaposa). Kukoma kwake kumakhala kosavuta komanso kununkhira fungo la nutmeg, kukumbukira mtundu wotchuka wa Moldovan "Chaush".
Muscat Novoshakhtinsky, Anthony Wamkulu ndi Anyuta adzakondweretsani ndi kukoma kwa muscat.
Zitsamba - zamkati, ndi masamba ozungulira ndi asanu lobes, ndi sing'anga kapena amphamvu dissection. Kuchokera pamwamba - yosalala, kuwala kobiriwira. Kukhumudwa kuchokera pansi kumbali kulibe.
Achinyamata amawombera pa korona, ndipo masamba a masamba aang'ono amakhala a mtundu wofiirira. Pamphepete mwa pepala ndi mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe a mtundu wa cloves atatu. Kukula kwa tchire kumakhala kofulumira. Mtengo wa mpesa ndi wabwino. Mtundu wa maluwa ndi hermaphroditic (kugonana).
Romeo, Helios ndi Charlie amakhalanso ndi maluwa okwatirana.
Malangizo othandiza: Ngakhale kuti "Liana" ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yomwe imakhala ndi chilekerero chokwanira, posakhala chinyezi chokwanira kwa nthawi yayitali, izi zosiyanasiyana zimatha kuyendetsa phokoso ndi mazira onse omwe amachititsa kuchepa kwake.
Chithunzi
Zithunzi za mphesa "Ljana":
Chiyambi ndi Kumera
Monga zofunikira za makolo pakuti kupeza mphesa "Ljana" anagwiritsidwa ntchito mitundu "Chaush white" ndi "Pierrel". Dera lopweteka - Republic of Moldovakuchokera kumene anabweretsedwa ku Russia mu 1980 (kudera la Lower Pridonya), kudzera ku malo osungirako ana aakazi a mzinda wa Tsyurupinsk.
Ndi mtundu wosakanikirana wa mtundu wovuta wa chilengedwe chonse, wopangidwa kuchokera ku mitundu ya European ndi America. Mitundu yobereketsa inabweretsa DD. Verderevsky, K.A. Voitovich, I.N. Naydenova.
Universal ndi Muscat Hamburg, Kishmishi Jupiter ndi Lydia.
Zizindikiro ndi mikhalidwe yapadera
Chimodzi mwa zinthu zazikuluzikulu za mitundu ya mphesa "Ljana" ndizokolola zake zabwinoChigawo chachikulu ndi pafupifupi makilogalamu 6 pagulu kapena kuyambira 120 mpaka 160 pa hekitala.
Mphatso ya Magarach, Chikumbutso cha Kherson Wokhala M'chilimwe ndipo Rkatsiteli adzakondweretsani ndi kukolola kwakukulu.
Chiwerengero cha mabulosi a mabulosi pa mphukira yopangidwa - 1.3 ma PC., Pa zipatso - 1.5 ma PC. Coefficient of fruiting - 1.6, kubala - 1.7.
Shuga zokhutira mu zipatso "Lena" ndizovuta kwambiri. Berry madzi shuga wokhutira ndi izi ndi 14-18% ndi acidity wa 6.5 mpaka 6.7 g / l.
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito palimodzi mwatsopano ndi zamzitini. Malingana ndi makhalidwe ake okoma, mphesayi imapezeka paziti 8.2.
Zina mwa ubwino wa zosiyanasiyanazi zingakhalenso chifukwa cha chilala, chisanu kukana, zabwino transportability ndi uthenga wabwino..
Sifunikira pogona panthawi yozizira komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala apadera pofuna chitetezo ndi kupewa. Zosasamala matenda ndi tizirombo. Zogwirizana bwino ndi mitundu ya mizu.
Kukaniza matenda kumakhalanso kosiyana Delight White, Augustine ndi Krasin.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Okonda munda wamaluwa ambiri omwe amayambitsa zosiyana siyana "Liana" pazinthu zawo, amafotokoza kuti ndi "opanda mavuto" komanso "osavuta kusamalira." Makamaka, iye amayenera kufufuza kotero chifukwa cha chitetezo chake kwa matenda ambiri ndi tizirombo ta chikhalidwe ichi.
Izi zikuphatikizapo mildew, gray gray, oidium, komanso akangaude, phylloxera, ndi zina zotero. Komabe, mu zochitika zosiyanasiyana za chiwembu, izi zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi khansara ya bakiteriya.
Dzina limeneli kawirikawiri limatchedwa kukula kwa khansa yomwe imapanga pamanja ndi shtambe ya mphesa (nthawi zambiri pambuyo pa nyengo yowopsya komanso yowonjezereka kapena kutentha kwambiri).
Wothandizira matendawa ndi bacterium a mtundu wa Pseudomonas tumefaciens Sm. ndi Madera.- Agrobaoterium tumefaciens [Sm. ndi Mazinda.] Conn., kuchititsa kuwonongeka kwa crustacean ku mizu ndi ziwalo zina za zomera.
Mitundu ya tizilomboyi imalowa m'mabisa a mphesa kudzera m'mabala ndi mafirimenti. Momwemo zimachulukira, zimayambitsa kusintha kwa thupi ndi kuziwononga, ndipo izi zimachitika kwa nthawi yaitali.
Pambuyo pake, mabakiteriya omwe amapezeka mu nthaka, amapezeka kwa zaka zambiri.
Pofuna kuteteza mphesa ku matenda owopsawa, nkofunika kuteteza madzi osasunthika ku mizu yake ndikuziteteza ku chisanu.
Njira zowonongeka: kuchotsa kukula kwa mphukira ndi kutetezedwa koyenera kwa malo ocheka ndi malo otsekemera. Ngati njirayi singakuthandizeni, ndi bwino kuthetsa tchire kwathunthu ndikuyamba kukula mphesa kuyambira pachiyambi.
Kawirikawiri, "Liana" ali ndi kukana kwakukulu kwa pafupifupi matenda onse a mphesa., kuphatikizapo anthracnose, bacteriosis, chlorosis ndi rubella, komanso tizilombo toononga, kuphatikizapo tsamba la masamba.
Kotero, mphesa "Liana", chifukwa cha njira zake zogwiritsira ntchito ndi njira zosavuta zaulimi, ndi yoyenera kwa wamaluwa ndi omwa vinyo osadziwa zambiri. Zopindulitsa zake zazikulu ndi izi:
- Kutentha kwachisanu;
- Zipatso zabwino ndi mawonekedwe okongola;
- Kukoma kwabwino;
- Matenda abwino ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda;
- Zosavuta kusamalira ndi kulima.
Makhalidwe amenewa amachititsa kuti zikhale zosiyana siyana m'madera osiyanasiyana a dzikoli, kuphatikizapo malo ochepa omwe amatha kutentha chaka ndi chaka komanso kupeza zokolola zolimba ngakhale m'zaka zosangalatsa kwambiri.
