Radishi imatanthawuza mbewu zoyambirira zomwe sizimakhudzidwa ndi matenda. Komabe, izo zikuchitikabe. Kulima ndi munda wabwino kumapewa ambiri a iwo. M'nkhani ino tikambirana za zizindikiro ndi njira zothana ndi matenda a radish.
Mbewu iyi ikhoza kugonjetsa onse mavairasi ndi tizilombo tizilombo. Amakondweretsa matenda owopsa monga dzimbiri, maonekedwe, mabakiteriya amphamvu, ndi zina zotero.
Mukudziwa? Radishi ndi imodzi mwa mbewu zoyamba za masamba, zomwe, chifukwa cha mavitamini opindulitsa ndi mchere, zimathandiza munthu kuthana ndi kuchepa kwa vitamini. Mizu ya masamba imakhala ndi mavitamini B, P, PP, amino acid, shuga, mapuloteni, calcium, phosphorous, chitsulo ndi zinthu zina zothandiza.
Mbalame Belle Kabichi (dzimbiri loyera)
Imodzi mwa matenda omwe amafala kwambiri a fungo la radish ndi zikhalidwe zina za kabichi ndizobwino, kapena dzimbiri loyera. Zimakondwera ndi bowa Albugo Candida (Ziweto) Gray. Zimakhudza masamba, zimayambira, pedicels ndi testes - zili ndi zokutira mafuta oyera. Pamene matendawa akupita, minofu yomwe imakhudzidwa imakhala yofiirira ndi youma.
Zokongola zomwe zimapangitsa kuti dzimbiri lizikula ndi nyengo yozizira, kuchuluka kwa namsongole m'munda, malo osamalidwa bwino m'dzinja.
Zotsatira zoletsa. Popeza kuti nyengo yachisanu ya tizilombo ya tizilombo ndi tizilombo tomwe timatha kukolola, nkofunika kuthana ndi namsongole mnthawi yake ndikukwanitsa kukolola kwazomera.
Pogonjetsedwa kwambiri ndi nsalu, radish imatulutsidwa ndi zokonzekera zamkuwa, fungicides motsutsana ndi downy mildew mumtanda ("Ridomil Gold MC", "Ditan M", etc.).
Ndikofunikira! Pamene kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa radish ndi fungicides, m'pofunika kuwonjezera zomatira. Izi zikhoza kukhala njira yothetsera sopo madzi (1 ml ya sopo madzi / 10 l) kapena njira zina.
Quila
Matendawa amakhudza mizu ya radish - amaoneka ngati kukula kwa mipira kapena fusiform. Poyamba, kukulaku sikungathe kusiyanitsa ku mizu, chifukwa iwo ali ndi mtundu wofanana nawo. Pamene matendawa akukula, mizu imasanduka bulauni ndi kuvunda. Ichi ndi chifukwa chake radishes samakula.
Zinthu zabwino zimabzala mbeu m'madera otsika ndi madzi ochulukirapo. Zimathandizanso kuti chitukuko chikhale chonchi. Chovulaza chachikulu pa keel ndi nthawi yopanda chinyezi. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amafalikira kudothi kapena manyowa.
Zotsatira zoletsa. Ndikofunika kuononga namsongole mu nthawi. Popeza mbeu imatha kutenga kachilombo ka HIV, iyenera kukhala yotetezedwa ndi matendawa musanafese. Ndikofunika kutsatira ndondomeko yoyendetsa mbewu.
Kwa njira zothandizira, pamaso pa kufesa radish (2-3 masiku), nkhuni phulusa (100 g / 1 sq. M) yawonjezedwa ku zitsime. Musanabzala mbewu, nthaka imamasulidwa. Mukamabzala mbande, laimu imayikidwa pazitsime (35-40 g / 1 bwino). Chinthu chofunika kwambiri ndi kugwedeza mbande.
Pofuna kuchiza matendawa a radish, nthaka imatulutsidwa ndi mkaka wa mandimu (2 makapu a laimu / 10 malita a madzi). Kugwiritsa ntchito - 1 lita imodzi yothetsera 1 mbeu.
Mukudziwa? Pofuna kupeŵa matenda ambiri a radish, muyenera kutsatira malamulo a kayendedwe ka mbewu. Zomwezo: masamba awa sayenera kubzalidwa pambuyo pa mbeu iliyonse ya banja la cruciferous (kabichi, mpiru, rutabaga, etc.). Ndi bwino kudzala radishes pa chiwembu kumene mbatata, tomato, nyemba, ndi nkhaka poyamba zinakula. Pa malo omwewo radishes ayenera kubzalidwa patapita zaka zitatu. Sitikulimbikitsanso kuti tipeze radishes pafupi ndi mbewu zofunikira za cruciferous.
Radish mosaic
Mosaic ndi matenda owopsa a radish. Amadziwika ndi kukula kwa chomera, chithunzi cha maonekedwe ndi maonekedwe amphamvu a kukula kwa masamba ake. Zizindikiro zoyambirira sizikuwonekeratu - zojambula zojambula pamasamba, zomwe zimakhala malo osokonezeka.
Zotsatira zoletsa. Njira zothandizira radish mosaic lero sizinapangidwe. Mitengo yodwala imachotsedwa posachedwa ndikuwonongedwa.
Popeza ophika nsabwe, nsabwe za m'masamba, ndi nthata zimakhala ngati zonyamulira mavairasi, ndizofunika kuthana ndi vutoli pakutha kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mothandizidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Ndikofunika kuti udzu udye pansi pa radish ndi pakati pa mizere, kuwononga namsongole.
Cruciferous Mildew
Chidebe cha powdery pamasamba, petioles ndi mapesi a radish amasonyeza kugonjetsedwa kwa zomera ndi bowa Brassicae ndi Erysiphe communis f - omwe amagwiritsa ntchito causative mawonekedwe a powdery mildew. Kenaka patina imakhala bulauni. Mutha kuziwona makamaka pamwamba pa pepala la pepala. Masamba owuma, mawonekedwe awo ndi opunduka. Rasdish yonse imachepa kukula.
Zotsatira zoletsa. Ngati mwawona kuti tsamba la radish likuwuma, ndipo mukufunafuna kudziwa zomwe mungachite, tikukulangizani kuti muzitha kuchiza zomera ndi fungicides zomwe zimaletsa kukula kwa powdery mildew (Ridomil Gold MC, Ditan M, etc.) kapena Bordeaux madzi.
Pofuna kupewa matenda, munthu ayenera kutsata malangizowo pazowolola mbewu ndi kupewa kubzala mitengo yofiira pafupi ndi zina zotchedwa cruciferous.
Perinosporosis (downy mildew)
Zizindikiro za peronosporosis zimaonekera pamasamba. Poyamba mazira a chlorotic amapangidwa pa iwo, kenako amawoneka achikasu, obiri, angular, kenako ofiira. Pamunsi pa pepala la pepala muli pachimake cha imvi-violet. The causative wothandizira matendawa ndi bowa Pseudoperonospora cubensis Rostowz.
Zotsatira zoletsa. Ndi chitukuko cha matendawa, njira zomwezo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito monga mu cruciferous mildew.
Grey kuvunda
Ndi nthendayi ya nkhungu yakuda, mizu ya radish imadzazidwa ndi mawanga ofiira, omwe amawoneka ngati imvi yofiira. Wothandizira matendawa ndi bowa Botrytis cinerea Pers. ndi Fr., omwe amanyamulidwa ndi mphepo, madzi, akukumana ndi mizu ya kachilombo ka HIV. Black sclerotia angapangidwe pa zinyalala za mbewu.
Zomwe zimathandiza kuti chitukukochi chizikula ndizozizira kwambiri ndi chinyezi, mwachitsanzo, mvula ndi kuzizira.
Zotsatira zoletsa. Pambuyo pozindikira kuti zomera zimadwala, ziyenera kuchotsedwa nthawi yomweyo ndikuwonongedwa. Pofuna kuteteza radish ku matendawa, mungagwiritse ntchito mankhwala a buluu, Bordeaux madzi, fungicides monga Ridomil Gold MC, Skor, Khom, Readzol, ndi zina. .
Ndikofunikira! Pofuna kubzala ndikofunika kusankha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya radish, yomwe imadziwika ndi kukana matenda ambiri.
Vascular bacteriosis
Anthu akuluakulu amakhudzidwa ndi mitsempha ya bacteriosis, mbande ndizochepa. Chizindikiro chodziwika ndi matendawa ndi bakiteriya ndi mdima wa mitsempha pamasamba. Masamba ayamba kutembenukira chikasu, kutha ndi kugwa.
Kukula kwa matenda a bacteriosis kumalimbikitsidwa ndi mvula kawirikawiri komanso kuwononga chikhalidwe ndi tizirombo. Matendawa amakhala mu mbewu, maselo a mfumukazi ndi zomera zowonongeka.
Zotsatira zoletsa. Pofuna kupewa matenda a radish ndi matendawa, tiyenera kusamala kwambiri kuti tisankhe mbewu. Asanafese, ayenera kusungidwa m'madzi otentha (+50 ° C) kwa mphindi 20. Pambuyo pake ayenera kuuma. Kusankhidwa kwa mbeu ndi kofunikira pa zomera zowonongeka, musanadzale kupewa kusamalidwa.
M'pofunikanso kugwira ntchito yokolola yophukira yotsalira. Musanyalanyaze malamulo oyendetsa mbewu. Chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa kupewa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Msolo wakuda
Matenda a mitsempha yakuda amagwira achinyamata zomera, amawonetseredwa ndi chikasu ndi maonekedwe a masamba ndi kuphulika pansi pa tsinde.
Zotsatira zoletsa. Pofuna kuteteza matenda omwewo pa zomera zako, nkofunika kusamalira mbewu ndikuchiza mbeu asanayambe kufesa.
Mbewu zakuthupi amachiritsidwa ndi madzi aloe, adyo zamkati mankhwala, manganese. Mbande sayenera kubzalidwa thickly. Nthaŵi zambiri kumabwera. Musalole kutentha kwakukulu, kulemera kwa ulimi wothirira.
Masiku atatu musanadzalemo mbande, nthaka iyenera kuthiriridwa ndi njira yothetsera sulfure (40 g / 10 l madzi). Nthawi yomweyo musanadzalemo, nthaka imathiriridwa ndi yotentha yothetsera potaziyamu permanganate (1.5 g / 5 l madzi). Pakukula zomera, nthaka imakhala pafupi ndi mapesi ndi mchenga ndi wosanjikiza mpaka 2 masentimita wandiweyani kapena osakaniza mchenga ndi phulusa. Izi zimachepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda a mliri wakuda. Mbewu zina zimathirira ndi njira yothetsera potassium permanganate (3-5 g / 10 l madzi).
Ngati mwazindikira kuti pa chifukwa china radish akutembenuka wakuda, mwinamwake mukulimbana ndi matenda omwe amatchedwa kukuda kwa mizu. Mizu ili ndi mawanga a buluu. Mawanga ofanana angapezeke muzu wa mizu. Chomera chimatuluka ndikufa.
Zotsatira zoletsa. Chifukwa chachikulu cha vuto ili ndi waterlogging, kotero madzi okwanira ayenera kukhala oyenera. Mitengo yodwala iyenera kuchotsedwa, nthaka imatetezedwa.
Kukula radish kumakhala kovuta kupeza ndi kuchiza matenda alionse. Odziŵa zambiri za zizindikiro za matenda akuluakulu ndi mayendedwe awo, nthawi zonse mungayambe kulandira mbewu za masamba nthawi ndi kusunga zokolola.
