Ngakhalenso wosakudziwa bowa osadziwa zambiri samasakanikirana ndi bowa la mitundu ina, monga dzina lawo limayankhula palokha: bowa onse a mitundu iyi ali ndi khungu lamakono. Bowa wa bolet ndi mitundu yoposa 40 yosiyanasiyana. Kawirikawiri, bowa lamoto la banja la Boletov amatchulidwa ngati buzzers.
Nthawi zambiri zimakula m'nkhalango zosakanikirana, zowonongeka komanso zapine, koma zimapezekanso paliponse padziko lapansi, zomwe zimadziwika ndi nyengo yozizira, komanso ngakhale ku Africa ndi Australia.
Tiyeni tiwone kuti ndi mitundu yanji ya mafuta ndi momwe amasiyana.
Mbuzi
Bowa wochuluka kwambiri wotchedwa boletus ndi ana. Kawirikawiri, osankha bowa samamvetsera. Ndipo pachabe, monga chokoma kwambiri komanso mwamtheradi bowa. 
Misonkho ya bowayi ikuchitika kuyambira July mpaka September. Iwo ali ndi zipewa zofooka za mucous. Monga nkhumba zonse, mbuzi ndi mitundu ya mycorrhiza-yomwe imakhala yabwino pafupi ndi mitengo ya coniferous pa dothi la mchenga. Bowa amaonekera m'magulu akuluakulu mvula yambiri.
Kunja, mbuzi ikuwoneka ngati bowa wa mokhovik, koma ili ndi kapu yowonjezera yambiri, yokhala ndi khungu lofiirira pamwamba. Tsinde ndi mndandanda wa ma bowa ndi ofiira. Mapulogalamu a bowa ndi achikasu, ndipo m'malo amtunda amawombera pang'ono.
Mukudziwa? Kozlyak amangogwiritsa ntchito mphutsi basi. Chithunzi chodziwikiratu ndi chikhomo cha mbuzi pamtambo, koma kwenikweni palibe choyenera kutenga. Ngakhale mutatha kudula bowa tikuwona phazi loyera, izi sizikutanthauza kuti kapu yake sidzakhala yovuta. Mukamayang'ana bowa wambiri kuti mukhale ndi mbozi, mudzakhumudwa kwambiri.Kuchokera ku anyamata omwe amatha kuphika akuphika bowa ufa. Pochita izi, bowa zouma zimangokhala mu chopukusira khofi. Ndikofunika kuwonjezera ufa pamene mukuphika mbale muzitsulo zochepetsetsa monga momwe zimakhalira zokoma komanso zonunkhira, kuposa bowa watsopano.
Butter Bellini
Kodi bellini akuwoneka bwanji? Amakhala ndi chipewa choyera kapena chofiirira chokhala ndi masentimita 6 ndi 14 masentimita. Kamtsika kakang'ono kamene kali ndi kapu, kamene kamakhala kakukula, kamakhala kakang'ono kwambiri, ndipo mbali yake yapakati imakhala mtundu wambiri. Kumbali yake yamkati, mbale zofiira zamasamba zobiriwira zimawoneka, zomwe zimayikidwa pole. 
Bowa ili ndi tsinde laling'ono, lopaka, loyera, lomwe limakhala lopindika komanso lopanda pansi. Chakudya cha batala chimakhala ndi mnofu wonyezimira, chokoma chokoma kwambiri ndipo chimatulutsa fungo la bowa.
Bowa umakhala m'nkhalango ya pine ndi coniferous ndipo sichidalira kwambiri za nthaka. Zimakula pokhapokha komanso m'magulu. Mukhoza kuwona mafuta a Bellini pokhapokha m'nkhalango ya m'dzinja.
Mbale yakuda batala
Buluu woyera umakhala ndi masentimita 12 m'mimba mwake. Maseŵera aang'ono, kapu imakhala yowonjezera kwambiri, koma ngati bowa limakula, imatha kuuluka ndipo nthawi zina limakhala lolimba. 
Mukudziwa? Nkhumba zazing'ono zimakhala ndi chipewa choyera, chomwe chimadetsedwa ndi ukalamba ndipo chimakhala choyera kapena chachikasu, ndipo nyengo yamvula imakhala ngakhale yosalala-azitona.
Choyera cha batala chimakhala ndi phokoso losalala, lachimake kwambiri lomwe limakhala ndi pang'ono. Tsabola ya kapu imasiyanitsa mosavuta. Bowa ali ndi thupi loyera kapena lachikasu, lomwe limakhala lofiira.
Mafuta amtengo wapatali kapena oundana, oyera. Ndili ndi msinkhu, ukhoza kukhala ndi mabala ndi ma tubercles, omwe angagwirizane ndi kupanga mawotchi.
Brown wofiira batala
Manyowa achikasu ali ndi kapu yozungulira kwambiri. Monga bowa limakula, kapu ya chikasu ndi yachikasu imakhala ndi mawonekedwe a msuti ndipo imatha kukula pakati pa 5 ndi 14 masentimita. Chingwe cha achinyamata amakhala ndi azitona kapena imvi. Pamene ikukula, kapu imasoka ndipo imadzaza ndi mamba ang'onoang'ono, omwe amatha kutha msinkhu. 
Mnofu wa batala wachikasu-bulauni ukhoza kunena za kukula kwake kwa bowa: Poyamba imakhala yonyezimira, kenako imvi-lalanje, kenako imakhala yofiirira, ndipo ndi kukula kumakhala kowala komanso kuwala pang'ono. Bowawa ali wandiweyani, wovuta kufota.
Bowa lachikasu kapena lachikasu la bowa lachikasu limafika kutalika kwa masentimita atatu mpaka 9. Mafuta akhoza kukhala ndi fungo lachangu, koma amamvekanso kwambiri ndi singano zapine.
Mukudziwa? Ngakhale kuti maonekedwe okongola ndi otetezeka kwambiri, mafuta obiriwira achikasu sangagwiritsidwe ntchito mobwerezabwereza mu otola bowa koma siwotchera kwambiri, choncho amadyedwa mu mawonekedwe ophimba.
Buluu wa bulauni wobiriwira umakula bwino pamtunda wa mchenga, umapezeka m'nkhalango kuyambira June mpaka November. Bowa limakula pokhapokha ndi m'magulu ang'onoang'ono.
Dothi la mafuta lachikasu
Mafuta achikasu amatha, kufotokoza kwake komwe kumasiyanasiyana pang'ono ndi kufotokoza kwa Boletovs ena onse, amakonda chikondi ndipo amapezeka m'nkhalango ndi nthaka yamchenga. Nkhumba zimakula zonse zimangokulira komanso m'magulu akuluakulu. N'zotheka kusonkhanitsa maboti achikasu pambuyo pa mvula yambiri, kuyambira May mpaka November. Bowa ali ndi kapu yomwe ili ndi masentimita 3 mpaka 6 cm. 
Ndikofunikira! Ngakhale kuti zimakhala zabwino kwambiri, mbale yakukasu ya chikasu imatengedwa kuti imakhala yokwanira, monga khungu lake lili ndi zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa kutsekula m'mimba.
Nkhumba zazing'ono zili ndi makapu, omwe, akakhala okhwima, mafutawa amatseguka ndipo amakhala oboola. Malingana ndi msinkhu, mtundu wa kapu wa bowa ukhoza kukhala wachikasu, wachikasu-chikasu, ocher-chikasu, komanso chokoleti. Pamwamba pa kapu imakhala yovuta kwambiri, khungu limachotsedwa mosavuta.
Mafuta achikasu amatha kukhala ndi mwendo womwe umakhala wolemera masentimita atatu ndipo uli ndi mphete ya mafuta, pamwamba pake yomwe imakhala yoyera ndipo pansi pake ili ndi chikasu. Mu bowa aang'ono, mpheteyo ndi yoyera, koma pokhala ndi zaka zambiri imakhala ndi nsalu yofiirira. Matope a bowa amakhala okongola kwambiri, koma ali ndi zaka amakhala ofiira.
Mnofu woyera wa bowa ukhoza kukhala wachikasu. M'dera la kapu ndi pamwamba pa mwendo, ndi lalanje kapena marble, ndipo pansi pake ndi bulauni pang'ono. Butters okongola ndi okoma kwambiri, choncho osati anthu okha, komanso mphutsi za tizilombo tonse timadyetsa bwino, choncho kupeza bowa lonse ndi ntchito yovuta kwambiri.
Granular bataladi
Mbewu ya batala ya tirigu siimawidwa ndi kusungulumwa, choncho imatha kukumana ndi anzanu basi. Nkhumba zimakhala makamaka m'nkhalango zamphesa, mu udzu wochepa. 
Bowa ali ndi kapu yochepa kusiyana ndi mitundu ina ya mafuta, choncho nthawi zina imawuma. Chipewa chozungulira cha bowa chimakhala pafupifupi masentimita 10.
Zitsanzo zazing'ono zimakhala ndi zipewa zofiira kapena zofiira, zomwe zikamakula zimakhala zobiriwira kapena zachikasu. Chikhalidwe chimakhala ndi timachubu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapanga utoto wonyezimira kapena kuwala kobiriwira.
Bowawa ali ndi mabala obiriwira a chikasu, okoma-okoma osasintha mtundu patsiku. Tsinde lachikasu la bowa limakhala lalikulu mpaka masentimita 8, kumtunda ndi loyera ndipo liri ndi mbewu ndi zida.
Kunja, mafuta oyenerera amawotchera, mofanana ndi mbale ya batala, yeniyeni, kusiyana kwake ndi kusakhala kwa mphete pa filimu. Chokongoletsera chosakaniza ndi bowa wodyera omwe ali ndi makhalidwe abwino kwambiri ndipo amadyedwa mwatsopano, asungunuka kapena mchere.
Mchere wa mkungudza
Mkanda wa mkungudza uli ndi chipewa cha pakati pa 3 mpaka 15 masentimita. Bowa laling'ono lingadzitamande ndi mawonekedwe ake, koma msinkhu wawo umakhala wowongoka ndipo umakhala woboola pakati. 
Mtundu wa kapu ndi wobiriwira, ndipo nyengo yamvula kapena yamvula imakhala yochuluka, pamene imalira mofulumira ndipo imakhala yofiira.
Mnofu wa buluu wa mkungudza ndi woyera kapena wachikasu, umasuntha pang'ono mu kulawa ndipo amapereka fungo labwino la amondi. Mipope yake ndi ma pores ali ndi ocheri wa azitona, wofiira wachikasu kapena mtundu wa lalanje-bulauni.
Mitengo ya mkungudza imakhala ndi tinthu tambirimbiri tomwe timapanga pamwamba, kutalika kwake kufika pa masentimita 4 mpaka 12. Bowa amapezeka mkungudza, mkungudza kapena nkhalango. Nthaŵi yosonkhanitsa bowa zimagwirizana ndi kuyamba kwa maluwa a pine.
Mukudziwa? Posachedwapa, asayansi atulukira mu zinthu zamtengo wapatali za mafuta zomwe zimathetsa mutu, komanso kuthandizira kuthetsa vutoli.
Larch batalasi
Mafuta a larch amakhala pafupi ndi mabala. Larch maslata amapezeka m'nkhalango kuyambira July mpaka November. Mtundu uwu wa mafuta umakhala ndi ntchito yabwino kwambiri ndipo umakula m'magulu akuluakulu. 
Katsamba katsamba kakang'ono kameneka kamakhala kosalala kakomedwe ka mandimu-chikasu kapena malalanje-chikasu-chikasu, chomwe chili chovuta kuchira. Mtundu wake wa spongy umasiyanasiyana ndi chikasu mpaka brownish-chikasu;
Mgugu wamakono wa bowa kumtunda umakongoletsedwa ndi mphete, pamwamba pake yomwe ili ndi mandimu-chikasu, ndipo pansi pake ili ndi mtundu wachikasu. Mafuta a mafutawa ndi achikasu, koma panthawi yopuma ndi yobiriwira. Bowa amakhala ndi kukoma pang'ono komanso kukoma kokoma.
Chophika cha buledi weniweni
Oiler akukula pa dothi la mchenga. Nyengo yosonkhanitsa imayamba mu Meyi ndipo imatha mu September. Mitundu ya zipatso imakula yokha kapena m'magulu. 
Ndikofunikira! Madokotala amalangiza kuti asamadye mafuta ochuluka kwa omwe ali ndi matenda aliwonse a m'mimba. Chowonadi ndi chakuti bowa wochuluka kwambiri ali ndi cellulose, wophimbidwa mu quinine, zomwe zimangowonongetsa kudya, komabe zingayambitse kutupa kwa dongosolo lakumagazi.
Bulugudi weniweni wakongoletsedwa ndi chipewa cha masentimita 10, kuyamba ndi chikhomo ndipo kenaka amakhala ophwanyika ndi kachidutswa kakang'ono pakati pa mawonekedwe ake, okhala ndi chokoleti-bulauni ndipo nthawi zina ali ndi mthunzi wa violet wochepa. Bowayi ili ndi mitsempha yotchedwa radial-fibrous mucosa, yomwe imapezeka mosavuta. Miphika ya bowa aang'ono amakhala otumbululuka chikasu, koma m'kupita kwa nthawi amdima ndipo amakhala mdima wonyezimira.
Mafinya a bowa amakhala otumbululuka, koma ngati bowa limakula, amakhala ofiira achikasu, kenako amawoneka achikasu. Mndandanda wa tubulawu umamangirizidwa ku tsinde lalitali, kufika masentimita 10 mpaka 25 ndikukhala ndi mandimu-chikasu kumtunda, ndi mthunzi wa brownish m'munsi. Monga bowa limakula, bulangeti yoyera ya mafilimu, yomwe imayambanso kugwirizanitsa kapu ndi tsinde, imakhalabe ngati mphete ya violet kapena ya bulauni.
Mafuta agolabasi alipo kwambiri yowutsa mudyo komanso yofewa ndipo ali ndi kukoma kwa makhalidwe, ofanana ndi zamkati za bowa zoyera. Chowonadi chenicheni cha buluu sizinafanane wina ndi mnzake, choncho ndizosatheka kuwasokoneza.
Chodabwitsa cha batalagu
Chokakalabasi chodabwitsa chimakhala ndi nthiti yambiri yambiri, yomwe imakhala yolemera pakati pa 5 ndi 15 masentimita. Bowawo amapanga tsinde lalifupi, kufika kutalika kwa masentimita 11 ndi kukongoletsedwa ndi mphete yomwe imakhala mkatikati. 
Bowa wodyera wokoma umene uli woyenera kukwira, kuyanika ndi malo ogona.
Pepala batala
Mafuta ojambulawo akhoza kukhala ndi kapu, yomwe imakhala ya mamita 3 mpaka 15. Pamphepete mwa kapu, mungathe kuganizira za flakes, zomwe ziri zotsalira za blank blanket. Chipewa cha bowa chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ambirimbiri. Mtundu wake umadalira nyengo: pamtambo wautali umakhala wandiweyani, ndipo umakhala wouma kwambiri. Komanso, kapu ya bowa imasintha mtundu pamene imakhala ndi tizilombo. 
Zithunzi zojambulajambula zazing'ono zofiira, zofiira za njerwa, zipewa zofiira za vinyo kapena zofiira zomwe zimakhala ndi zing'onozing'ono zofiirira kapena zofiirira. Msuzi wachikasu wa bowa ukhoza kufika kutalika kwa masentimita 12. Malo amtunduwu amadulidwa ndi timachubu zomwe zimadutsa mwendo ndikupanga manda.
Mapulogalamu achikasu a bowa ali ndi kuthamanga kwakukulu ndipo amawombera pang'onopang'ono, koma ndi okondweretsa kwambiri. Mafuta opaka utoto angadye ngakhale popanda kutentha kwapakati.
Ruby mafuta
Manyowa a ruby ndi bowa wosakondedwa kwambiri omwe amapezeka mu nkhalango ya thundu. Nkhumba zazing'ono zili ndi kapu yofiira kapena yofiira, yomwe imatha kutsegulidwa ndipo imakhala yotsika kwambiri. Ili ndi chimfine chowopsa. Ma tubes ndi pores a bowa ndi ofiira piritsi ndipo samasintha mtundu akawonongeka. 
Chigoba choboola kapena chozungulira cha pinki chimapitirira mpaka pansi ndipo chimaphimbidwa ndi maluwa ofiira.
Bowa ali ndi chikasu, mnofu chomwe sichimasintha mtundu mlengalenga ndipo sichimatchedwa bowa kukoma ndi fungo.
Buluu wofiira
Buluu wofiira wofiira ali ndi chipewa chachikasu chokhala chachikasu kapena chotsamira, chophimba ndi mamba ofiira a lalanje. 
Kugwa mitsuko yamtundu wachikasu kapena yachikasu yamatenda imakhala ndi ma pores ambiri. Chophimbacho chimakhala chikugwera pansi mpaka kumtunda, ndi mwendo wofiira wa chikasu ndi lalanje. Chowala chikasu wandiweyani zamkati za bowa pa fracture akutembenukira wofiira ndipo amapereka zosavuta zodziwika bowa kukoma.
Ofiira ofiira ofiira amapezeka ku Alps, Western Siberia, Altai, Western Siberia ndi ku Ulaya.
Wofiira wabuluu
Buluu wofiira ndi bowa pang'ono amene amamera m'nkhalango zosakanikirana ndipo amatha kukondweretsa masamba athu ndi zokoma zofewa ndi zonunkhira zabwino za bowa. Bowa amakhala pansi pa mazira ndikupanga mycelium nawo. Mukhoza kupita kukafuna nkhumba zofiira kuyambira July mpaka November. 
Olima alimi omwe amadziwa kuti ali ndi bowa amatha kunena kuti n'zosatheka kuwona kapu yofiira yofiira ya mafuta ofiira mu udzu. Bowa saloledwa kusungulumwa, choncho, ngati mwapeza mbale imodzi ya batala, ndiye kuti mudzawasonkhanitsa kuti mutenge khungu.
Mukaphika, khungu limachotsedwa ku bowa, chifukwa limakhala losautsa mtundu wakuda panthawi ya chithandizo cha kutentha, ndipo zotsekemera zimakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira.
Dothi la batala wakuda
Mafuta akuda amapezeka m'mapiri aang'ono omwe amadziwika bwino kwambiri. Bowa amakula m'magulu akuluakulu. 
Chophimba chokhala ndi chifuwa chapakati ndi choyera choyera ndi chobiriwira chobiriwira kapena chofiirira, kapu ya mafuta imatha kufika mamita 10, ndipo imakhala ndi chonyowa chofewa. Zofiira zakuda kapena zofiira zakuda za ma bowa zimakhala ndi mabotolo akuluakulu omwe amatsika ku mwendo.
Msola wa bowa wachinyamata umakhala wozunguliridwa ndi makutu ambiri, omwe amatha ndi nthawi. Chophimbacho chimadzazidwa ndi pepala lolimba limene lingathe kuchotsedwa mosavuta pochepetsa bowa kwa mphindi zingapo m'madzi otentha.
Chakudya cha batala cha Siberia
Chophimba cha bowa cha Siberian chomera cha bowa chikhoza kukula kuchokera pamasentimita 4 mpaka 10. Zophika za bowa zazing'ono zimakhala ndi maonekedwe akuluakulu, ndi maonekedwe okhwima ndi maonekedwe a azitona kapena azitona. Chipewa cha bowachi chimapangidwa ndi utoto wofiira. Mtundu wa miyendo ndi zamkati za bowa ndi chikasu kapena chikasu chachikasu. 
Kunja, mbale ya batala ya ku Siberia imakhala yofanana kwambiri ndi mbale ya mkungudza, koma imakhala ndi kuwala kuposa mtundu wake.
Ndikofunikira! Akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo apeza kuti bowa ndi bowa ambiri amatha kupeza ma radionuclides, motero m'pofunika kumvetsera kwambiri malo awo.
Mafuta akhoza kulankhula kwa nthawi yaitali. Koma chinthu chachikulu - ndi bowa kwambiri chokoma, zomwe ziri zabwino komanso zodzikongoletsera. Mafuta ndi wathanzi komanso ali ndi thanzi. Komabe, mukasankha bowa, samalani kwambiri ndipo musaiwale kuti simuyenera kutumiza makope okayikira kwa bulu, chifukwa kumwa kwawo kungawononge poizoni.
