Clematis ndi maluwa okongola, okongola komanso okoma mtima. Kuti mumve bwino kukongola kwa chomera ichi chodabwitsa, muyenera kuyesetsa kulikula. Maluwa akuluakulu, akugwa mvula, amachititsa mlimi kuti asamalire bwino mbewuyi, ngakhale, mwa njira, clematis sichifunikira izi.
Ndikofunikira! Clematis ndi chomera chakupha. Ngakhale kuti ndizoopsa kwambiri kuposa mbewu zina zam'munda, ndikofunika kuti musagwirizanitse ndi madzi ake, chifukwa zimayambitsa kuyabwa ndi kutentha kwa khungu. Kumbukiraninso kuti ngakhale masamba ang'onoang'ono a madzi kapena juzi angayambitse magazi m'mimba komanso matumbo a m'mimba.
Kulima kwa creeper iyi sikungayambitse mavuto ngakhale kuti ayambe kubzala mbewu, choncho aliyense amene akufuna kusangalala ndi kulingalira kwake kwa maluwa ake amatha kuyamba kuyambira m'munda wake.
Clematis kwa Mitsinje: mitundu yabwino kwambiri yokula
Mvula imakhala yovuta kwambiri, choncho nthawi zambiri imakhala yosawerengeka. Anthu omwe amakhala mumtsinjewa ayenera kutenga njira yodalirika yosankha mtundu wa clematis.
Kusiyana ndi njira yabwino yotsegulira ku Urals ali mitundu ya Peter, munda wamphesa ndi zobiriwira, monga iwo samalekerera nthawi zonse m'nyengo yozizira. Komanso si oyenera kukulitsa mitundu monga Kummawa, kuyaka ndi zofiirira, chifukwa chipiriro chawo chikwanira kungotenga -20 ° C, ndipo izi sizingatheke kuti tipulumuke kuntchito kotentha kwa Ural. Mitengo yotereyo imakhala yabwino mu greenhouses, greenhouses, minda yozizira kapena mphika zomera.
Mitundu yabwino ya clematis kwa Mizinda - awa ndiwo omwe ali a gulu lachiwiri ndi lachitatu, akuwombera kuti chifukwa cha wintering pang'ono mwafupikitsidwa kapena kwathunthu kuchotsedwa. Mitundu yambiri ya clematis imafuna malo apamwamba kwambiri m'nyengo yozizira. Ngati titenga monga maziko a mitundu ya mzere wa amayi, ndiye kwa ma Urals akulimbikitsidwa kusankha mitundu yotsatirayi:
- Mitundu yowonjezera ya Clematis Jakman ndi liana yomwe imakula kwambiri ndipo imamera mpaka kufika mamita 4 m'litali. Tchire timakhala ndi masamba okongola kwambiri ndipo timakhala ndi mizu yabwino. Sakusowa chisamaliro chapadera ndipo angakupatseni chidwi kwambiri ndi maluwa okongola a lilac kufika 20 masentimita awiri. Izi zosiyanasiyana zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mowolowa manja komanso maluwa ambiri. Pokonzekera nyengo yozizira, chomeracho chimadulidwa kwathunthu kapena masamba amawombera kuposa 30 cm.
- Integrifolia (mitundu yosakanizidwa ya clematis) Botanist anali owerengedwa ngati gulu losiyana la shrub clematis, omwe oimira akhoza kufika kutalika kwa mamita 2.5. Pakati pa maluwa, mipesa imadzala ndi maluwa okongola omwe amaoneka ngati belu.
- Vititsella (mtundu wosakanizidwa wa clematis wofiirira) - Ndizitsamba zooneka ngati chitsamba. Chomeracho chimafika kutalika mamita 3.5, pa masamba ovuta omwe amapanga ndi maluwa okongola kwambiri omwe akhoza kufika mpaka masentimita 12. Ambiri amakhala ofiira, ofiira ndi ofiira. Pakati pa maluwa, chitsamba chimodzi chachikulu chimakhala ndi maluwa ambiri.
Kusankha malo oti mubweretse clematis
Mukamabzala clematis mu Mitsinje, m'pofunika kutenga njira yoyenera ku kusankha malo akulima.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati mukufuna kudzala clematis, kumbukirani kuti chomeracho chikuopa mphepo yoziziritsa ndi ma drafts, choncho ngati mukulakwitsa posankha malo m'deralo, ndiye kuti simungakhoze kukuthandizani kuti muzisangalatsa ndikukula mofulumira.
Malo oti kulima mipesa ayenera kukhala owuma, opanda madzi omwe amatha patsiku. Ngati malo osankhidwa amadziwika ndi malo otetezeka a madzi a nthaka, ndiye kuti madzi okwera masentimita 20 opangidwa ndi miyala yophwanyika kapena njerwa zosweka ayenera kukhala okonzeka. Chifukwa chakuti mankhwalawa ndi mpesa, amafunikira bungwe la chithandizo. Poyamba, mudzafunikira kumangiriza chomeracho, koma pamene chikukula, chidzayamba kumamatira kuchikhazikitso chomwecho mothandizidwa ndi masamba a petioles.
Clematis amakonda kuwala, choncho malo oti akamatulukidwe ayenera kukhala dzuwa ndi kutetezedwa ku zojambula ndi mphepo.
Zizindikiro za kukhazikika kwa clematis mu Mitsinje
Poyera nthaka anabzala mipesa mu kugwa kapena kasupe. Ngati mutagula clematis sapling kumapeto kwa autumn, ndi bwino prikopat mpaka masika ndi malo otseguka pansi ndi kufika kwa kutentha masiku. Ngati mwagula mphukira m'nyengo ya chilimwe, mizu yomwe ili mu chidebe chatsekedwa, ndiye idabzalidwa pansi kugwa. Mutabzala komanso musanayambe kuwomba, chomeracho chiyenera kukonza mthunzi wapamwamba kwambiri, womwe udzateteze kuwala kwa dzuwa. Ngati mwagula mphukira ndi mizu yowuma, ndiye kuti muwonjezere mizu yopanga ndi kupulumuka kwa chomeracho, iyenera kuikidwa kwa maola 6 mpaka 8 m'madzi omwe Epin anali ataphatikizidwa kale.
Kusankhidwa kwa mbande
Mukamasankha mbande za clematis, kumbukirani kuti kuti zikhazikike m'midzi ndi m'madera opanda mavuto, m'pofunikira kuyang'anitsitsa gawo la pansi ndi rhizome kuti muwonongeke, komanso kugonjetsedwa ndi matenda opatsirana. Mukawona chilonda chopanda machiritso pa kachilomboka mukagula, ndiye kuti chomeracho chimakhudzidwa ndi bowa, choncho ndibwino kukana kugula.
Mosamala fufuzani rhizomes wa mbande. Mukhoza kugula bwinobwino mphukira, ngati mizu ikuluikulu imakhala ndi chophimba chachitsulo cha mizu ing'onoing'ono, siuma, sichimawongolera, ndikumangirira ndi zowola kapena nkhungu. Ngati kudula komwe mumasankha kokha ndi mizu yambiri, yopanda nthambi, ndiye kuti sizingatheke kuti mizu ikhale mizu kapena idzapweteka kwa nthawi yaitali.
Kukonzekera dzenje
Clematis ndi wodzichepetsa, koma ndi ovuta kwambiri pa kusankha nthaka. Chomeracho chimakondweretsa kuwala kosalala bwino, kamene kamapuma komanso kamapuma. Ngati dongo kapena loamy dothi likupezeka pawebusaiti yanu, ndiye kuti apange maonekedwe awo aeration, ayenera kusakanizidwa ndi mchenga pokonzekera nthaka.
Kupambana kwa kukula kwa clematis kumadalira kulondola kokwanira ndi kusamalira mbewu, Chofunika kwambiri ndi kukwaniritsa zofunikira zonse pakukula mipesa mu Mitsinje. Mukamabzala chitsamba, muyenera kuyamba kukumba dzenje lalikulu 60 cm, komanso masentimita 60 m'lifupi ndi kutalika. Pakatikati mwa dzenje muli phiri lamitsinje, lomwe liri ndi gawo lokhala ndi gawo lofanana la manyowa, humus ndi munda. Komanso, 150 g wa superphosphate ndi 400 g ya ufa wa dolomite akuwonjezeredwa.
Momwe mungamerekere clematis
Mukamabzala clematis ayenera kuika mmera pakatikati pa dzenje pa phiri la ngalande. Tsopano mwapang'onopang'ono tambani mizu pamtsinje ndikudzaza ndi nthaka yokonzeka. Mukamabzala mipesa, m'pofunika kuyanjanitsa nthaka m'dera la phesi ndi kumangiriza mphukira ku chithandizo choyambirira.
Mukudziwa? Zowonjezereka za pulasitiki, zimakhala zofunikira kwambiri kukonzekera dzenje lakudzala.
Mutabzala, chomeracho chiyenera kuthiriridwa ndi madzi ofunda. Kumbukirani kuti pofuna kuteteza zowola mizu yambiri, m'pofunika kuyimitsa firiji poyamba.
Momwe mungasamalire majekiti mumzindawu
Chumatisti yopanda chidziwitso sichidzafuna malo enieni omwe zomera zimakula pakakula. Chomeracho chidzakuyamikirani kwambiri pa kuthirira kwa nthawi yake, feteleza, kumasula nthaka ndi kudulira. Kusamalira bwino munthu wokongola ndichinsinsi cha maluwa ake okoma mtima. Chophimba chophimba pansi chikhoza kuikidwa kumbali ya chitsamba kuti chikhale chokongoletsera maonekedwe a malowa, omwe angathandize kuteteza mizu ya mpesa kutsutsana ndi kutenthedwa ndi dzuwa lotentha komanso kuteteza kutuluka kwa chinyezi mofulumira.
Kuthirira
Kuti clematis akondwere bwino kukula, amafuna bungwe la kuthirira bwino. Kusamba kosakwanira ndi chifukwa chachikulu chomwe chimayambitsa kufa kwa chomera. Liana amadya mofulumira madzi okwanira nthawi zambiri komanso ochepa, omwe amakhala oopsa kwambiri pakati pa chitsamba. Zachitidwe zoterezi zingapangitse kugonjetsedwa kwa khosi lazomeralo, ndipo, kuwonjezera apo, chinyezi sichitha kulowa pansi, pomwe mizu ya clematis ilipo.
Mizu ya mipesa imakhala yayikulu kwambiri ndipo imakhala yozama kwambiri, choncho zomera zimasowa madzi okwanira: chitsamba chachikulu chiyenera kulandira katatu madzi okwanira panthawi imodzi. Kuthirira bwino kumachitika bwino masiku onse anayi, koma kuti madzi asafalikire pang'onopang'ono, koma aloŵera kumtunda. Kuti muchite izi, kuzungulira kutchire kuti mupange dzenje lakuya masentimita 40 kuchokera ku mitengo ikuluikulu ya chitsamba. Mukamabzala chomera, n'zotheka kukumba zidutswa zitatu za mapaipi apulasitiki m'nthaka mosavuta komanso pang'onopang'ono kutsanulira madzi mkati mwa kuthirira.
Kupaka pamwamba
Clematis imafuna kuyambitsa mitundu yayikulu ya feteleza, yomwe imafotokozedwa ndi kuti chomeracho chili ndi maluwa aatali komanso odzaza, ndipo pambali pake, amafunikira mphamvu yowonjezeretsa gawo la pansi.
Ndikofunikira! Kumbukirani kuti feteleza iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ku nthaka pamene ikukula clematis nthawi zambiri, koma m'magawo ang'onoang'ono, popeza kuti njira imodzi yokha ya feteleza ikhoza kuwononga mizu yake ndi kuyaka kwa mankhwala.
Pamene mukukula clematis, m'pofunika kusinthanitsa kuyambira kwa organic ndi mchere feteleza. Lian iyenera kudyetsedwa osachepera 4 pa nyengo. Musanayambe feteleza, chomeracho chiyenera kuthiriridwa bwino, chifukwa izi zidzateteza kuchitika kwa mankhwala oyaka.
M'dzinja, musanayambe kukonzekera chitsamba, chifukwa cha nyengo yozizira, fupa chakudya chamtundu wa 200 g pa mita imodzi lalikulu chimayambira pansi. Chinsinsi chake ndi chakuti kukula kwa mbeu kumakhala ndi phosphorous. Popanda tsatanetsatane, masamba ake ayamba kukula, ndipo chitsamba chomwecho chidzaleka kukula. Mukhozanso kusangalatsa zomera ndi humus.
Mukudziwa? Clematis chitsamba, chomwe chili pambali ya maluwa, sichiri chovomerezeka kudyetsa, chifukwa izi zikhoza kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa nyengo.
Pakati pa chitukuko cha zamasamba, clematis imafuna feteleza wambiri ndi nayitrogeni, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwake zomera sizidzatha kuwonetsa mphamvu zake zowonongeka, ndipo masamba ake ndi maluwa adzakhala ang'onoang'ono, akhoza kuyamba kutembenuka chikasu ndi kufiira. Pofuna kuthetsa kusowa kwa nayitrogeni, mungathe kudyetsa tchire la slurry kuchepetsedwa m'madzi kapena zitosi za mbalame. Manyowa a feteleza ayenera kusinthidwa ndi mchere. Liana amakonda ammonium nitrate, urea ndi nitroammofosku. Mu nyengo yachisanu, zomera zimadayiranso jekeseni ndi potaziyamu. Pa nthawiyi, tchire tiyenera kudyetsedwa ndi potaziyamu nitrate.
Poyamba masiku otentha a kasupe, tchire timatsanuliridwa ndi mkaka wa laimu, zomwe zimathandiza kuti nthaka isasunthike.
Kudulira
Kudulira ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa kulima bwino kwa clematis.. Ndikofunika kuti tipewe kuphulika ndi kubwezeretsedwa kwa tchire, komanso kuwonjezera kukula kwa maluwa. Kudulira mitengo yafooka, yoonda ndi yoonongeka mphukira kumathandiza kupitiriza maluwa. M'nyengo yozizira, nthambi zazing'ono zimachotsedwa ku chitsamba, zomwe zimayambitsa kutuluka kwa mphukira zatsopano ndi kutalika maluwa.
Pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya clematis mutabzala pokhapokha ngati tsinde lalikulu likutambasula mopitirira mmwamba, motero amadulidwa, kusiya masamba ochepa chabe. Kusokoneza uku kumalimbikitsa mapangidwe angapo a basal zimayambira.
Pogwiritsa ntchito kudulira miyala Jacquesman, Vititsella, Intergrifolia, yomwe imatulutsa pachimake m'chaka choyamba cha moyo, kuchotsedwa kwa mphukira zakale kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa masika pafupi ndi mizu, yomwe imayambitsa kukula kwa nthambi zatsopano.
Clematis thandizo
Kuti chitukuko chachilendochi chikhale choyenera kukhazikitsa chithandizo, chomwe chikhoza kuyimilidwa ndi mabwinja, mapiramidi ndi mawonekedwe okongola kwambiri. Posankha chithandizo, kumbukirani izi kuchuluka kwake kwa mapangidwe ake sayenera kupitirira 1 - 1.2 cm. Muyeneranso kuzindikira kuti, kukula, kuthamanga kumapeza kulemera kwakukulu, motero sizinthu zonse zomwe zingathe kupirira.
Ndikofunikira! Mukasankha chithandizo, musabzalitse mtunda wa makilomita osachepera theka kuchokera ku khoma lamatabwa, ndipo chomeracho chiyenera kuwonjezeka kwambiri kuchokera ku chitsulo chamatabwa, chifukwa kukhalapo kwa nyumba zoterezi kungasokoneze chitukuko chake.Zitsulo zopangira zitsulo zopangidwa ndi matope ndi kukumba pafupi ndi tchire zimathandiza kwambiri kuthengo. Kuwonekera kosangalatsa kosangalatsa ndi zomangira za mbale. Zojambula zoterezi zidzakhala zokongoletsera zazikulu.
Njira zoberekera za clematis mu Mizinda
Clematis amafalitsidwa ndi kuika, kugawa tchire ndi kukulumikiza. Njira zonsezi ndi vegetative, choncho zimakulolani kusunga mitundu yonse ya zinyama ndikupeza zomera ndi mizu yawo. Mitundu yowonjezera kwambiri yotchedwa clematis mu Urals ikuphatikizidwa.
Mphukira yotengedwa kuchokera ku chitsamba imagawidwa mu cuttings kuyambira 8 mpaka 10 cm kutalika ndipo imayikidwa tsiku mu njira yothetsera mizu, kenako imabzalidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi yokutidwa ndi mtsuko wa galasi. Mitsinje isanawoneke, nthaka yomwe mbuto imayikidwa imatulutsidwa ndi madzi ndipo imakhala yonyowa nthawi zonse. Zomerazo zitakhala ndi mizu yawo, zimabzalidwa kuti zizikhalamo kwamuyaya.
Kugawikana kwa chitsamba kumatchuka kwambiri. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene mpesa wakula kwambiri, kapena pamene chitsamba chimaikidwa pamalo atsopano. Kugawana tchire kumayambiriro kwa masika kapena autumn. Pambuyo pake, chitsambacho chimagawidwa m'mitengo yambiri yodziimira, yomwe imabzalidwa pansi.
Olima amalimala amavomerezani kulumikiza mwazigawo. Kuti mupeze zokolola zakuthupi, achinyamata mphukira zachitsamba aikidwa m'mabowo okonzedweratu, ataphimbidwa ndi dziko lapansi, akusiya pamwamba pa mphukira pamwamba pa nthaka. Patapita nthawi, masambawo amamera, ndipo mphukira zimapangidwa kuchokera kwa iwo, zomwe zimasiyanitsidwa ndi chitsamba cha makolo, zimagawanika kukhala zomera zosasunthika ndipo zimabzalidwa mitsuko yosiyana.
Kodi kuteteza mpesa m'nyengo yozizira
Poyambira m'dzinja, muyenera kuganizira Kuteteza clematis mu Urals kutentha kutentha m'nyengo yozizira. Kuti muchite zimenezi, mvula ikayamba, muzitha kutsanulira chidebe cha humus pakatikati pa chitsamba, mutachotsa masamba onse pamtengowo ndikuchiritsa msuzi ndi mkuwa sulphate. Pambuyo pake, kukwera kwa chitsamba kumapangidwa mpaka kutalika kwa masentimita 15 ndi phulusa ndi mchenga.
Malo ogona a clematis akugwiritsa ntchito njira youma yokha: Mphukira ya chomeracho imapangidwa kapena kupotozedwa ndikuyikidwa pamunsi, kenako imadzazidwa ndi masamba owuma a oak, nthambi za spruce kapena thovu. Ikuphimbidwa ndi bokosi, lomwe liri ndi phukusi la zinthu zakutchire, kumtenga kumamveka kapena zinthu zina zopanda madzi, zinkakanikizika pamakona ndi njerwa kapena miyala ndipo zophimba pansi.
Kukula mu munda wa clematis kumatsegulira zopanda malire mwayi wopanga mbewu. Ndipo ngati simukukhala aulesi ndikupanga zinthu zabwino pamunda, ndiye Mitengo ing'onoing'ono yokha ya parmatisti ingasinthe ngakhale mbali yochepetsetsa kwambiri m'paradaiso.
