Anthu osiyana amalima mphesa pazinthu zosiyanasiyana: ena amangokhala "okha", ena amachita izi mwakhama ndikugulitsa ndalama pogulitsa mbewu, pamene ena amayesetsa kukhala ndi chomera chokongoletsera pamtunda wawo chomwe chimakulungidwa moyang'ana kutsogolo kwa nyumba kapena gazebo.
Koma pali alimi omwe amafotokoza zoyesayesa zonse kuti apeze zosiyanasiyana zomwe zingagwirizane ndi ntchito zonsezi.
Mmodzi wa mitundu ya mphesayi, yomwe siimasowa kwambiri, ndi "Augustine".
Pansipa, tiyesa kufotokoza zinsinsi zonse ndi zodziwika bwino za izi zosiyanasiyana kuti tikudziwitse bwino momwe zingathere ndikukonzekera kukonzekera kubzala mpesa.
Kufotokozera za mphesa "Augustine"
Kukufotokozerani inu ndi mitundu yodabwitsa ya mphesa, choyamba muyenera kumvetsera kukhalapo kwa mayina ena angapo.
Ngati mukuyenera kukumana ndi mitundu ngati "V25 / 20", "Pleven Sustainable" kapena "Phenomenon", mukudziwa - izi ndi zofanana "Augustine".
Mmodzi mwa mayina omwe anatchulidwawa anapeza ndi makolo ake, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya "Pleven", yomwe, chifukwa cha kuyesera kwa obereketsa ku Bulgaria, idakula kwambiri.
Mtundu wina wa kholo "Augustine" ndi mphesa "Vilar Blanc", yomwe adatsutsa. Mitengo ya mphesayi ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pa gome, ndiko kuti, kawirikawiri amadyedwa mwatsopano komanso osagwiritsidwa ntchito pazokonza zamakono.
Mitengo ya mphesa imatanthauzira mosiyanasiyana mokwanira, yomwe imathandizidwa ndi kukwirira koyambirira kwa zipatso zake bwino kukana otsika kutentha.
Kawirikawiri, masango a mphesa "Augustine" ali ndi zofanana kwambiri ndi zipatso za zosiyanasiyana "Pleven".
Zimakhala zazikulu kwambiri, zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, nthawi zambiri mapiko angapangidwe. Ambiri a mulu wa gulu limodzi akhoza kusiyana ndi 0.4 mpaka 1 kilogalamu.
Zipatso za mchenga sizinayikidwa kwambiri, ngakhale kukula kwake kwakukulu - 2.8 x2.0 sentimenti. Kulemera kwake kwa zipatso kunkafotokoza mitundu yaying'ono - kuchokera 5 mpaka 8 magalamu.
Mbali yapadera ya zipatsozo ndi mtundu woyera kapena wonyezimira wa khungu lawo, chifukwa cha kuwala kwa dzuwa komwe kumapangitsa kuti ziwoneke bwino.
Zotsatirazi zimapatsa mpesa wokongola wambiri "Augustine", akukweza nkhani zawo.
Zokonda za mitundu iyi ya mphesa ndizosavuta, koma chifukwa cha zinyama zowonongeka, zipatsozo zimakhala ndi chikondi chapadera ndi chiyambi. Kawirikawiri, kukoma kwawo kumakhala kosavuta komanso kogwirizana.
Pali maswiti ambiri, chifukwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakhala ndi shuga wabwino kwambiri, womwe sungachepetse ngakhale ndi mvula yamphamvu kwambiri. Ngakhale khunguli liri lamphamvu, silikumva pamene likudya.
Mphesa yamphesayi imatengedwa mofulumira kwambiri chifukwa chipatso chake zipse kumapeto kwa mwezi wa August.
Nyengo yowonjezera ya chitsamba nthawi zambiri imatha masiku 117 okha. Kubala zipatso zonse kumakhala kochuluka ndipo nthawi zina kumafuna kukangana.
Zomwe zimachitikira winegrowers amadziwa kuti ngati mutasiya mphukira imodzi yokha pa mphukira imodzi, koma nthawi yakucha ya mbeu idzachepetsedwa kufika pansi pa 10. Koma ngati mulibe nthawi yochita robot, simudzadandaula za zokolola: ngakhale zitakula Patapita kanthawi, chitsamba chidzabala mosavuta zipatso zilizonse.
Ngati tilankhulani mmafanizo a zokolola zomwe zingatheke kukolola, kuchokera ku hekita imodzi ya zomera zokhalapo zosiyanasiyana, ndiye kuti chiwerengerochi ndi 120-140. Pamene mphesa zikukula, kuchokera ku chitsamba chimodzi popanda mavuto mungathe kusonkhanitsa pafupifupi 60 kilogalamu ya zipatso.
Anthu ogulitsa vinyo amakonda "Augustine" osati mbewu zokhazokha, koma makamaka chifukwa choti zipatso zamtchire zimakhala zosavuta, ngakhale mosamalidwa bwino.
Kulankhula za zokolola, muyenera kumvetsera makhalidwe omwe amachititsa kuti zitheke kupeza zotsatira zapamwamba. Choyamba, ndi chitsamba chokula cholimba chomwe chimakhala ndi mphukira zabwino, zomwe zimapangidwira.
Zosiyanasiyana zimafalitsa mosavuta, zomwe zimathandizidwa mwamsanga mizu ya cuttings.
Mwachidule za ena zoyenera mphesa "Augustine"
- Chitsamba cha mphesa cha omwe adalongosola zosiyanasiyana chimakhala ndi maluwa amodzi, omwe amatsimikizira kuti sizingawonekere, komanso kuti palibe nyemba zamtengo wapatali komanso zowonongeka bwino za inflorescences. Kuwonjezera apo, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya "Augustine" ndi yabwino kwambiri pollinator kwa mitundu yambiri ya mphesa, nthawi yomwe maluwa amamera.
- Kutsegulira koyamba kwa mbewu ndi luso la zipatso zimasungidwa kuthengo kwa pafupi masabata awiri popanda kutaya kukoma ndi maonekedwe.
- Zipatso sizitanthauza kokha zipatso za zipatso, komanso chifukwa choyenera kuyenda pamtunda wautali.
- Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakhala yowonjezereka ndi matenda omwe amafala kwambiri m'minda ya mpesa.
- Nsapato sizingathe kuwononga zipatso. Izi zikhoza kuchititsa kuti zipatso zowonongeka zikhalepo, koma panopa, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sizingachitike chaka chilichonse.
- Chitsambacho chimapirira mosavuta otsika yozizira kutentha. Makamaka, kuwerenga kwa thermometer pa -24ºє nkhuni sikuonongeka. Koma ngakhale izi, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yophimba mbewu, makamaka ikadzala ku Middle Climate Region.
- Chomera cholimba ndi chodzichepetsa pochoka ndicho chokongoletsera chabwino cha arches ndi arbors. Makamaka, pamene kukukula kukukula kungapangitse kukula kwa masango.
- Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi imodzi mwa zowonjezereka mu viticulture, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poswana.
Kuipa mitundu: kodi muyenera kukonzekera pasadakhale?
- Ndi mvula yayitali komanso yautali, zipatso za maluwazo zimawonongeka, zomwe kenako zimawombera.
- Mavitamini akuluakulu, osachotsedwa kuthengo kwa milungu iwiri itatha msinkhu, amayamba kuthawa okha.
- Pali kuwonongeka kwa manda komwe kumayambitsa zipatsozo.
- Mu zipatso za zosiyanasiyanazi muli mbewu zingapo zomwe ndi zazikulu. Alimi ambiri amaona kuti izi ndizovuta kwambiri mphesa.
- Kuyenda kwa nthawi yaitali kungapangitse zipatsozo kugwa kuchokera ku gululo.
Pazochitika za kubzala mitundu
Chikhalidwe cha mphesa chimawonjezeka mophweka. Komanso, pali njira zingapo zolima chomera chokongola ichi:
- Kubzala mbande zosiyanasiyana zimadalira mizu yawo, kapena kumtengowo.
- Kubalana pogwiritsa ntchito cuttings kumtengowo m'matangadza ndi katundu waukulu wa nkhuni zosatha.
- Gwiritsani ntchito mbeu yobereketsa.
- Kupeza chitsamba chatsopano ndi matepi.
Sankhani njira imodzi kapena yongodzigwiritsira ntchito zomwe mungakwanitse komanso zothandiza. Mwachitsanzo, ngati palibe chitsamba cha mphesa chakale kapena kuthekera kwa kufalitsa "matepi" a Augustine, zotsatirazi zimangogwera kwa inu.
Nthawi ya chaka ndi nthawi yobzala mphesa zimadalira mtundu wa kubzala kumene mwasankha. Ngati mwagula mbewu yobiriwira, iyenera kubzalidwa kasupe, ngakhale kuti nthawi yambiri yophukira imayenera kubzala mbande.
Kawirikawiri, muyenera kutchula ubwino wa nyengo iliyonse.
Phindu la kubzala kwa kasupe ndi awa:
- M'chaka, pali kutentha kwakukulu, chifukwa chomwe chitsamba chokha chokha chimangoyenda bwino pamalo atsopano ndikuyamba kukula.
- Pambuyo pa nyengo yonseyi kuti likhale lolimba pamaso pa chisanu cha chisanu.
- Zimakhulupirira kuti tchire chomwe chinabzalidwa masika chimayamba kuthamanga mofulumira kwambiri kuposa nthawi yophukira.
Koma, chitsamba chodzala mu kasupe chiyenera kuthiriridwa nthawi zambiri, chifukwa nthaka ikudontha pa nthawi ino kusiyana ndi kugwa, ndipo chinyezicho chimachokera mowonjezereka mwachibadwa.
Kuwonjezera pamenepo, vuto lalikulu la masika ndiloti panthawiyi zimakhala zovuta kugula mbewu za mphesa zofunikira. Kotero, kubzala mphesa mu kugwa kumakhalanso ndi ubwino wake, womwe uyeneranso kuwonjezeredwa:
- Pafupifupi zonse zobzala zokolola mphesa zimakolola mu kugwa. Pachifukwa ichi, ndizomveka kwambiri kudzala mipesa nthawi ino, osati kusunga cuttings kapena mbande mpaka masika.
- Zikatero, ngati mupitirizabe kusungira zipangizo mpaka masika, muyenera kudziwa: Kudyetsa kwadzu ndi malo abwino a mbande za mphesa komanso ngati katemera wa m'nyengo yozizira ndi njira yabwino yosungiramo.
Inde, ambiri, ngakhale kuti akukangana, amasankha kubzala mphesa kumapeto kwa nyengo, chifukwa akuopa kufesa mphesa m'nyengo yozizira. Inde, pali zogwirizana ndi izi, koma mulimonsemo, sikungathe kuyankha mosavuta zomwe zili zoyenera.
Tikamalankhula za mphesa, ndiye kuti mbewuyi ingatchedwe kuti ndi yopanda nzeru pazomwe zimakula, makamaka ku nthaka. Komabe, mitundu ya mphesa ya Augustine imalimbikitsidwa kuti ikhale wamkulu mu dothi labwino lomwe limakhala ndi chinyezi.
Inde, si malo onse omwe ali ndi nthaka yofanana. Pachifukwa ichi, njira yokhayo ikanakhala yoperekera kudyetsa nkhuku nthawi zonse ndi zakudya (zonse zakuthupi ndi feteleza mchere), komanso nthawi zonse zimwe madzi ngati kuli kofunikira.
Komabe, sitiyenera kuiwala za chikondi cha mphesa ku dzuwa. M'malo ozizira, mpesa sungokula bwino, komanso umapatsa mbewu zosauka komanso zosasunthika, zomwe zimakula molakwika. Choncho, pachimake, mphesa zimakula kuchokera kum'mwera kapena kumwera chakumadzulo kwa nyumbayo, kotero kuti nyumbayo imatetezeranso zojambulazo.
Ndiponso, izi zosiyanasiyana zimalimbikitsidwa. kukula pa mabwalo, kapena pafupi ndi arbors. Mu njira iliyonse yotsatilayi, nkofunika kukumbukira kuti pansi pomwe chitsamba chimakula, mpweya wozizira sumazengereza. Pa chifukwa chimenechi, mphesa zabwino zimabzalidwa kumapiri ndi mapiri.
Akatswiri amalimbikitsa kuchita Pambuyo pakati pa tchire la mzere umodzi osachepera mamita 1.5koma pakati pa mizere ya tchire za zosiyanasiyanazi ndi mamita 3. Chifukwa cha ndondomeko iyi, tchire sizingagwirizane kwambiri ndi mthunzi wina ndi mzake.
Masabata angapo musanafike pamtunda ndikofunika kwambiri Konzani dzenje la mphesa. Kuzama kwake kuli pafupi mamita 0,8 (m'lifupi ndi koyenera), zomwe zidzathe kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa feteleza pansi pake.
Makamaka, osakanikirana ndi dothi lachonde m'chitsime amabweretsa 2-3 ndowa za kompositi. Kusakaniza kwa feteleza kumafunikanso kukonzedwa ndi dothi lina, lomwe lidzawalekanitsa iwo ku mizu ya mmera, kuteteza iwo ku zotentha.
Kenaka, dzenje lasiyidwa kuti zitsimikizidwe kuti feteleza zonsezi zatsimikiziridwa bwino komanso kuti mutabzala kapangidwe ka pulasitala kameneka sichitha.
Pambuyo pazimenezi muyenera kuyamba kufufuza ndi kugula mphesa zamitundu zosiyanasiyana zomwe mukufunikira. Njira yaikulu yosankha mmera ndi xmizu yothirira madzi popanda kuwonongeka ndi kudula wobiriwira pamwamba pa mmera.
Ndiponso, musanayambe kukwera molunjika, sapling imatsikira m'madzi kwa masiku angapo. Panthawiyi, adzalandira nthawi yodzaza ndi chinyezi kuti asinthe nthawi yowonjezereka ya kusintha kwa malo atsopano.
N'zosangalatsanso kuwerenga za zabwino mphesa zoyera
Chodzala chokha chimadalira kuti mbeuyo iyenera kuikidwa mu dzenje pamtunda wa mizu yake: siziyenera kukhala pansi ngakhale kuganizira za nthaka. Mphesa ziyenera kuzungulidwa ndi nthaka pang'onopang'ono komanso mosamala kuti zisamawononge mizu.
Pakatikati mwa njirayi, mukhoza kutsanulira mu ndowa ya madzi, yomwe onetsani nthaka yomwe yadzaza kale. Atadzaza dzenje mpaka kumapeto, chithandizo chimayandikira pafupi ndi mmera. Komanso, adamwetsanso madzi ochulukirapo. Nthaka kuzungulira imalimbikitsidwa kuti mulch.
Graft Augustine mphesa ku chitsa ndi lalikulu la osatha nkhuni
Kuphatikizira mphesa ku nsalu yakale ndi kuti muzu, makamaka pakati, pali kuvutitsidwa pang'ono. Ndiko kumene kudula kumayikidwa. Pambuyo pake, katunduyo amamangiriridwa mwamphamvu kuti ukhale ndi mwayi woweta miyendo. Koma kuti muchite zonse mwaluso komanso mwaluso, muyenera kukonzekera bwino zipangizo.
Yoyamba ndi konzekera phesi labwinoomwe ayenera kuyang'ana maso 2-3. Mbali yam'mwamba ndi maso iyenera kugwedezeka, yomwe imatulutsa nthawi yaitali kuti isunge chinyezi.
Koma mbali ya kumunsi iyenera kudulidwa mosamalitsa kuchokera kumbali zonse ziwiri kuti ikhale yothandizana bwino ndi mitengo ya mtengo. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, musanagwiritsire ntchito, gawo lochepetsedwa lidakonzedwa kwa nthawi yambiri m'madzi ndi njira zothetsera mizu zowonjezera.
Pofuna kukonzekera katundu, ndikofunikira kuchotsa shrub wakale, kupatula chitsa cha 10 centimita. Kuphatikiza apo, kudula pamwamba kumakhala koyeretsedwa mosamala kuti kukhale bwino.
Kugawidwa sikuyenera kuchitidwa mozama, chifukwa kungamuvulaze. Mitengo ingapo imatha kusonkhanitsidwa pamtundu umodzi, ngati m'lifupi mwake imalola. Inoculation imatsirizidwa polemba malo ophatikizidwa ndi njira zina zomwe tafotokoza, kufotokoza kubzala kwa mmera.
Malangizo pa kusamalira zosiyanasiyana "Augustine"
- Mphesa zimafuna kuti nthaka ikhale yofanana. Pa chifukwa ichi, imafunika kuthirira nthawi zonse. Onetsetsani kuti mutha kuthirira mchenga musanayambe maluwa komanso panthawi yopanga mbewu.
- Pambuyo kuthirira, dothi liri ndi mulch - 3 centimita ya moss kapena yakuda utuchi.
- Pogwiritsa ntchito mphesa zosiyanasiyana, feteleza / humus ndi phosphate-potashi feteleza amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
- Chaka chilichonse m'nyengo yamtendere, mphesa ziyenera kudulidwa, kuchepetsa mphukira iliyonse ndi maso 6-12, malinga ndi mtundu wa chitsamba. Kwa izi zosiyanasiyana, mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe ambiri ndi opambana.
- M'nyengo yozizira, mphesa iyi imatetezedwa. Zomera zakale zimapangidwira mafilimu.
- Ngakhale kuti pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazinthu zosiyanasiyana, iye analimbikitsa njira yothetsera kupopera mankhwala patsogolo pa maluwa komanso pomaliza.
