Viticulture yayika kale kukhala maluwa kapena kukula.
Kwa ambiri, kukula kwa mphesa ndizochita zowonongeka komanso tanthauzo la moyo, zomwe, makamaka, sizingabweretse chisangalalo, komanso chitetezo chakuthupi.
V.Zagorulko ndi mmodzi wa otchuka kwambiri pakati pa ogulitsa vinyo, amene wasintha pokhala wophunzira masewera kwa akatswiri enieni m'munda wake.
Mbalameyi ndi mlembi wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa yotchuka, malo olemekezeka mndandanda wa zosiyanasiyana "Ruslan".
Ndi za iye ndi makhalidwe ake omwe tidzakulangizani m'nkhaniyi.
Timadziŵa kwambiri makhalidwe ofunika kwambiri mphesa "Ruslan"
Zagorulko V.V. anapanga mtundu uwu wamphesa wa mphesa kuchokera ku mitundu yabwino ngati "Mphatso ya Zaporozhye" ndi "Kuban".
Chifukwa cha mitundu iyi, mawonekedwe opangidwa sanalandire kukoma kokha, komanso mawonekedwe okongola komanso osasangalatsa.
Ndi mphesa zomwe zimakongoletsa tebulo nthawi iliyonse ya chaka.
Mphesa "Ruslan" imamera bwino kwambiri pakati pa gulu, ndipo imatha kubereka zipatso pokhapokha polima malonda komanso m'makampani. Makamaka, masiku ano zosiyanasiyana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pozungulira gawo lakummwera ndi pakati pakati pa mayiko monga Ukraine, Kazakhstan ndi Russia.
Kukula kwa mphesa za mitundu iyi ya mphesa ndikulukulu.
Pafupifupi kulemera kwa gulu limodzi ndi 0.5-0.8 kilogalamu. Pali zonse zing'onozing'ono ndi zazikulu, kusamalira chitsamba champhesa ndi nyengo nyengo yonseyi imakhala ndi gawo lalikulu pa izi.
Mu mawonekedwe, nthawi zambiri amatha kusakaniza, ndi zipatso zopanda kuyika.
Makamaka amasangalala ndi mfundo yakuti zipatso zake ndizofanana, popanda peyala.
Mbali zapadera za mphesa "Ruslan", zimakhala ndi maonekedwe okongola kwambiri komanso khungu lakuda (nthawi zina ngakhale lakuda) khungu.
Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti khungu la zipatso zimenezi ndi lochepa kwambiri, koma limakhalanso ndi puloteni (yopangira sera yapadera yomwe imapanga mphesa). Ndi zonsezi, zimang'ambika mosavuta ndi kudya popanda mavuto, popanda kukhudza kukoma.
Kulankhula za khalidwe lomalizira, lomwe liri la kukoma, mphesa "Ruslan" ikhoza kutchedwa chimodzi mwa zovuta kwambiri komanso zoyambirira. Pambuyo pake, kukoma kwa zipatso zake kumagwirizana kwambiri, ndipo chifukwa cha mnofu wandiweyani wambiri, ndi wachifundo. Koma chosiyana chake ndi kukoma kokoma kwa maula, zomwe zosiyanasiyana zimayamikiridwa ndi okondedwa.
Shuga ya zipatsozi ndi 18%, ndi acidity ya 6.5 g / l.
Koma chofunika kwambiri cha zipatso za zosiyanasiyanazi ndi zazikulu kwambiri. Pafupifupi, kulemera kwa mabulosi amodzi kumakhala ndi magalamu 18 mpaka 20, omwe ndi chizindikiro chochititsa chidwi cha mphesa. Ngakhale kuti ali ndi khungu ndi khungu lochepa, amasungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali.
Mitundu imeneyi imakondanso zokolola zazikulu komanso kwa nthawi yoyamba yakucha. Chifukwa cha mphamvu shrub, imatha kupanga mphukira yaitali komanso yamphamvu. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, mpesa umakula bwino, mlingo wokhala ndi mphukira ndi wofanana ndi 72.6%.
Ndi zonsezi, coefficient of fruitfulness ya zosiyanasiyana izi ndi 1.2-1.5. Choncho, palibe imodzi, koma magulu atatu omwe angathe kukula bwino pamphuno limodzi. Kuchuluka kotereku sikukhudza ubwino wa mbewu: ndi bwino komanso kuvala, chitsamba chidzachotsa mbewu.
Koma, pambali pa chimanga chachikulu, masango amakhala nthawi zonse pamapiri a Ruslan mphesa. Sizosadabwitsa, koma mbeuyi ili ndi nthawi yakuphuka bwino isanayambe nyengo yozizira m'madera onse.
Mwa njira, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesayi ili molawirira kwambiri. Nthawi ya zomera za chitsamba chake amatha masiku 100-115 okha, zomwe zimakulolani kuyamba kusonkhanitsa zokolola zake kuyambira pa August 10.
Maluso mphesa "Ruslan"
- Mpesa wa zosiyanasiyanazi uli ndi maluwa a amuna ndi akazi, omwe amathandiza kuti asamayambe kuyendetsa mungu, koma ndi mitundu yomwe imafalikira panthawi yomweyo. Chifukwa cha ichi, mphesa sizimadya zipatso.
- Kubala zipatso ndi khalidwe la mbeu, zomwe zimatha kusamalidwa bwino ndikusungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali popanda kuoneka ndi kulawa. Komanso, masango akhoza kusungidwa kuthengo kwa nthawi ndithu, atatha kucha.
- Kuwonjezera pa kukoma kwake, zipatso za mphesa zimakhala ndi zothandiza zambiri. Zakudya zamtamini ndi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zowonjezera zimathandiza kuti zikhale zofunikira kwambiri kwa matenda a magazi, khansa, kutupa kwa nyamakazi, matenda a impso. Chifukwa cha ntchito yake, chakudya chonse cha m'mimba chimayankha bwino, thupi limakhala bwino kwambiri.
- Kukonzekera kwa mbale sikugwiritsidwa ntchito kokha zipatso za mphesa zosiyana siyana, komanso masamba ake obiriwira. Njira yowonjezereka ya ntchito yawo ndiyo kukonza ma marinades.
- Chifukwa cha kukana kwake kutentha, mphesa za "Rusla" zikhoza kukula ngati zosafunika. Mphesa wa zitsamba sizimawonongeke pochepetsa kutentha kwa nyengo -24ºС.
- Pa matenda oterewa monga mildew ndi oidium, mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakhala yopanda chidwi. Palibe chowonongeko ndi kuvunda kwa imvi, chifukwa kuthamanga kwa jini kunajambulidwa ku mphesa ya Ruslan kuchokera ku maonekedwe a makolo.
- Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yoyenera kwa kulima masewera ndi mafakitale; Chimafalikira mosavuta, chomwe chimalimbikitsidwa ndi mpweya wabwino wa rooting wa cuttings wokolola ku chitsamba cha Ruslan mphesa.
Ambiri amatsutsa kwambiri maluwa amenewa chifukwa chakuti mabulosi onse ali ndi mafupa 1-2. Mwachidziwikire, amatha kuwonetsa kukoma mtima komanso momwe mphesa zimakhalira. Koma panthawi yomweyi, izi sizichepetsa kutchuka kwa "Ruslan".
Chosavuta kwambiri ndi zipatso zosweka mu mkhalidwe wa dothi lapamwamba ndi mpweya wambiri. Komabe, poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina, Ruslan izi sizowopsya kwambiri. Inde, ngakhale pansi pa zovuta kwambiri, gawo lochepa kwambiri la mbewulo latsekedwa. Kuwonjezera apo, zipatsozi sizowola, koma zimakhala zoyenera kudya.
Zimakhalanso zosangalatsa kuwerenga malamulo a chisamaliro cha autumnal mphesa.
Chimene mukufunikira kudziwa za kubzala mitengo ya mphesa mitundu "Ruslan": kufotokozera zofunikira zomwe zikufunika kukula ndi kulunjika
Njira zoberekera zachisamba cha mphesa pali zingapo. Aliyense wa iwo ali ndi ubwino wake, choncho ndi bwino kusankha njirayo potsatira mfundo zotsatirazi:
- Kubzala mbande za mphesa pamidzi yawo. Njira yowonjezereka yofalitsa mphesa ngati malo anu alibe masamba ena omwe amatha kusindikizidwa. Ubwino ndi chakuti chitsamba chotsatiracho chimafafaniza makhalidwe onse a kalasi yake, osati khalidwe la chitsa. Ndi zophweka kugula kapena kukula mmera pawekha; kusamalira izo sikufunikanso khama. Zing'onozing'ono zingabzalidwe pakatikatikati, ndi kugwa. M'dzinja, iyi ndi nthawi kuyambira pakati pa mwezi wa October kufikira chisanu choyamba. M'chaka, mbande zokhazikika kuchokera ku kugwa zimabzalidwa ndi kutentha koyamba, ndipo zomwe zimakula kuchokera ku cuttings ndi zobiriwira zimachokera pakati pa mwezi wa May mpaka tsiku loyamba la chilimwe. Mukamabzala, mbewu zimakhala zobisika.
- Kujambula grafting wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya cuttings kwa rootstocks, yomwe ili ndi katundu wambiri wosatha nkhuni. Pachifukwa ichi, "zakuda" (osanadzutse) cuttings ndi "zobiriwira" zingagwiritsidwe ntchito. N'chimodzimodzinso ndi masituni a katemera. Kuphatikizidwa kuli ndi ubwino wake chifukwa cha kubereka kotere kwa mphesa chitsamba chimayamba kubala zipatso mofulumira, chifukwa mwamsanga mutangozika mizu, chitsamba cholimba ndi chabwino kwambiri cha chitsamba choyamba chimayamba kuchidyetsa. Mphesa zoterozo zingakhale zolimba muzaka zoyambirira za kukula. Katemera amachitika pakatikati pa kasupe kapena pakatikati pa autumn, malingana ndi mtundu wa iye omwe mukufuna kuti muwukwaniritse.
- Kuberekera mphesa pogwiritsa ntchito matepi. Kuti mukule chitsamba chatsopano mwanjira iyi, mukufunikira wokalamba ndi fruiting. Kuti muchite izi, tengani imodzi mwa mphukira yake yayitali ndi yamphamvu, yomwe ikugwera pansi. Komanso, m'pofunika kuwaza ndi nthaka, ndipo patapita kanthawi kuthawa kudzayamba mizu yake ndipo idzayamba kukula ngati chitsamba chodziimira. Ikhoza kupalesedwa ngati sapling. Mukhoza kuchita njirayi chaka chonse. Ubwino waukulu wa matepi ndikuti amayamba kupanga zokolola zoyamba mofulumira kwambiri, kale chaka chachiwiri.
Mphesa - imodzi mwa zomera zokonda kwambiri dzuwa, zomwe zimangokhala mwachidule Sangathe kubzalidwa mumthunzi.
Ndikuganiza kuti mwazindikira kuti okonda nthawi zambiri amalima chomera ichi kumbali ya kumwera kwa nyumba kapena arbor. Njirayi ndi yothandiza kwambiri, popeza nyumbayi sizimazimitsa chomeracho ndipo nthawi yomweyo zimakhala zosavuta kuti imange chithandizo chophimba.
Ndiponso, nthawi zambiri mphesa zimabzalidwa pamapiri kapena pafupi ndi arbors. Njira izi ndizothandiza kwambiri. Mulimonsemo, ziyenera kunyalidwa m'maganizo kuti palibe zomera kapena pafupi ndi mitengo yomwe imayenera kukhala mthunzi.
Choncho, kuika munda wamphesa, kapena kungobzala zinyama zingapo, ziyenera kumangoganizira za kukula kwawo. Popeza mphesa zosiyanasiyana "Ruslan" ali ndi kwambiri chitsamba cholimba ndi champhamvu, chifukwa choweta ndi fruiting, pamafunika malo ambiri. Choncho, pakati pa tchire chobzala mumzere umodzi nthawi zambiri sizimachepera 1.5 mamita.
Kawirikawiri, kumbuyo kumakhala kokwanira, ngakhale mutha kuyandikira mtali wautali. Pakati pa mizera ya mphesa izi ndikutembenuka ndi mamita 3.
Ponena za nthaka, chofunikira chachikulu ndicho kuthana ndi chinyezi bwino kupyolera mwachokha komanso kuti sichigwira nthawi yaitali. Njira yabwino ndi nthaka yakuda, kapena dothi lina lopanda.
Komanso, musayiwale za madzi apansi. Ndipotu, mizu ya mphesa imakula kwambiri, kotero iyenera kukhala bodza pamtunda wa mamita awiri.
Kubzala mbande ntchito yofunika kwambiri ndi kukonzekera dzenje. Izi ziyenera kukhala ndi feteleza zofunika kwa mbeu mu zaka zoyamba za kukula. Pa chifukwa ichi, kuya kwa dzenje kuyenera kukhala pafupifupi 0,8 mamita ndi chimodzimodzi m'lifupi. Pa nthawi yomweyo, dzenje lalikulu lidzatenga chisakanizo cha dothi lachonde ndi ndowa 2-3 za humus.
Mphesa sizingakhoze kubzalidwa mwachindunji pamsakaniza uwu, chifukwa mizu yake ingakhoze kuonongeka. Pachifukwa ichi, dothi lina lachonde limatsanulira kuchokera pamwamba, koma popanda feteleza. Kuwonjezera apo, dzenje limasiyidwa kwa masabata awiri, kotero kuti nthakayo imachotsedwa.
Mbeuzo zimagulidwa bwino m'midzi yapadera kapena kuchokera kwa anthu omwe akhala akugwira ntchito mu viticulture. Mbeu yabwino imatha kudziwika ndi mtundu ndi mkhalidwe wa mizu yake: iyenera kukhala yoyera komanso yosadetsedwa. Komanso, malipiro apamwamba a mmera - ngati mmera uli wokondweretsa komanso watsopano, ndiye kudula kudzakhala kobiriwira.
Pambuyo pa kugula, iyenera kusungidwa m'chipinda chodetsa ndi chinyezi, ndipo nthawi yomweyo musanabzala - m'madzi ndi njira yothetsera mizu yokonzekera.
Mukamabzala mphesa mu dzenje, nkofunika kuti musaike mizu yake ndikuyang'ana kukula kwa nthaka. Mwa kukumba mphesa, nthaka yozungulira iyo imakhala madzi okwanira ndipo imakhala yambiri. Komanso, nkofunika kuti musaiwale za chithandizo chake.
Pakuti kubereka mphesa mwanjirayi ndikofunika kwambiri kukonzekera zipangizo. Makamaka, kusinthanitsa kwa kusinthanitsa sikuyenera kuonongeka kapena kuuma, mwinamwake sikudzatha kuzimitsa. Maso abwino kwambiri pa izo - 1-2. Gawo lochepa la kudula kusadulidwe kudulidwa kumbali zonse ziwiri kuti mphete ipangidwe.
Komanso, amafunikiralolani tsikulo m'madzikotero kuti kudula kumatetezedwa bwino.
Kuti katundu akhale okonzekera kuzumikizanitsa, sitepe yoyamba ndiyo kuchotsa chitsamba chakale, ndikusiyidwa kokha pang'onopang'ono ndi 10 cm penechki. Dothi lodulidwa limasambidwa mosamala ndipo limakhala losalala. Ndendende pakati pa katundu mumayenera kupatukana. Kuzama kwake kuyenera kukhala kotheka kwambiri kuti kudula kungakhale koyenera mkati.
Ngati mumapanga kwambiri, mukhoza kuwononga katunduyo. Pambuyo pake, phesiyo imatsika kugawanika, mwamphamvu kwambiri ndipo imakhala yophimba ndi dongo. Musaiwale kumwa madzi ndi kusungunula nthaka. Kwa nyengo yozizira, onetsetsani kuti mukuphimba.
Pang'ono ponena za kusamalira mphesa "Ruslan"
- Kuthirira kumafunika asanayambe maluwa komanso panthawi yokolola. Komanso, chitsamba chimathirira madzi asanafike chilala.
- Ndikofunika kuti mutenge nthaka mutatha kuthirira - ili ndi masentimita atatu a utuchi kapena moss.
- Mphesa zosasinthasintha - chinsinsi chokolola. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati izi, komanso feteleza zamchere: nayitrogeni, potaziyamu, phosphates.
- Pa nthawi imene chitsamba "chimagona" chiyenera kudulidwa chaka chilichonse, kuchotsa masamba 10 pa mphukira iliyonse.
- Sikoyenera kubisa izi zosiyanasiyana m'nyengo yozizira, ngakhale zili zoyenera. Onetsetsani kuti mubisala mbande zokha.
- Ngakhalenso maluwa asanayambe maluwa, zitsamba zonse zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosamalitsa chifukwa cha matenda a fungal.
