Tonsefe timagwirizana ndi chilimwe ndi zinthu zosiyana ndi zinthu.
Kwa ena, iyi ndi nyanja, chifukwa munthu wina ndi wotentha kwambiri m'tawuni, koma kwa munthu uyu ali mwana mu midzi ya agogo aakazi ndi zipatso zambiri zokoma kuchokera ku nkhalango ndi kumunda wamaluwa.
Koma, mwazigawo zitatu izi, tonse tikuyembekeza kuti nyengo yotentha ya chaka idzathe, kotero kuti mphesa zowonongeka ku dzuwa ziwoneke pamsika kapena pamunda wawo.
Ndipo makamaka zabwino, iwo ali okongola komanso okondweretsa.
Izi ndi zipatso za mphesa zotchedwa "NiZina", yomwe inabadwa chifukwa cha khama lokonda mphesa wa banja lachidziwitso la Krainov.
Ndi mitundu yanji yosiyanasiyana, ndipo ndi makhalidwe ake otani: kufotokozera mphesa "Nizina"
Mphesa imeneyi sichinthu chosiyana, koma mtundu wosakanizidwa wa mitundu iwiri ya mphesa ngati "Chithumwa" (chomwe chimatchedwanso "Kesha 1") ndi "Kishmish Radiant".
Ndi chifukwa chakuti iwo akuphatikizana ndi aphunzitsi osadziwika a N.V. Krainov kuti mphesa zabwino ngati "Nizina" zinatuluka.
Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti pamunsi pa machitidwe a makolo a V.V. Zagorulko inapanganso mitundu yosiyana kwambiri, yomwe imatchedwa "Lily of the Valley."
Koma popeza olembawo anali osiyana, mitunduyo inakhalanso yosiyana kwambiri, komabe ndi yoyenera kutcheru.
Zokhudza mphesa "Nizina", zomwe tikufuna kuzifotokoza m'nkhaniyi, zikutanthauza mitundu ya mphesa, chifukwa ili ndi kukoma kwabwino komanso kuwonetsera bwino.
Mphesa ndi mosasunthikazomwe zimakulolani kuti zikule osati kummwera kwa Russia, komanso pakati pa nyengo yozungulira.
Mafuta ndi mphesa za "Nizina": momwe mungazindikire pakati pa mitundu ina
Khadi lamalonda la mitundu yonse ya mphesa ndi maburashi ake, omwe ndi aakulu kwambiri mu "Nizina". Kawirikawiri, chikhomo chawo chachikulu ndi makilogalamu 0,6-0.7, ngakhale ena akhoza kufika 1.5-3 kilograms.
Mbali za mawonekedwe a gulu ali awo cylindric conical mawonekedwe ndi zipatso zomwe zimayikidwa pamtundu wa masentimita mpaka pakati. Kawirikawiri, amawoneka okongola ndipo ali ndi khalidwe labwino kwambiri.
Koma zipatsozo, zimakhalanso zodabwitsa mu mphesayi. Pafupipafupi, magawo awo amadziwika monga 3x2, 2 masentimita, ndi zizindikiro za kulemera kwake kwa mabulosi umodzi mu 10-12 gm.
Maonekedwe a zipatso ndi okongola kwambiri. Koma iwo amadziwika kwambiri ndi mtundu wawo wofiira wofiira, chifukwa chakuti ofooka powonekera kwenikweni amawoneka mu dzuwa.
Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti zipatsozo zimayamba kuoneka mofiira kwambiri kusiyana ndi momwe zilakolako zawo zimakhudzira wogula. Kotero, ngakhale masabata awiri asanakhale okhwima, amatha kale kukhala amdima ndi kutsekemera.
Kuwonjezera pamenepo, zipatsozi zimakhala ndi zokometsetsa komanso zolemera kwambiri, zomwe zimakhudza thupi labwino komanso lamadzi wambiri. Zosangalatsa kwambiri zimatchedwa kuti khungu limadyidwanso, ngakhale liri ndi dongosolo lolimba kwambiri.
Kusungunuka kwawo shuga kumakhalanso pamwamba, pafupifupi 17-18%, pamene acidity wa zamkati ndi pamlingo wosapitirira 8-9 g / l.
Kukambirana za makhalidwe a mphesa za zipatso ndi zakucha "Nizina"
Mtundu wosakanizidwa wa mphesa umapindulitsa pamlingo waukulu kwambiri. Makamaka, chigawo ichi chimapangitsa chitsamba chake: chiri ndi kukula kwakukulu komanso kuchuluka kwa mphukira zopatsa zipatso.
Ponena za omaliza, chiwerengero chawo poyerekeza ndi chiwerengero cha nambala kuyambira 60 mpaka 80%.
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, pamphuno limodzi, pamagulu awiri kapena awiri akhoza kupangidwa, chifukwa chipatso cha zipatso "Nizin" chikufanana ndi chizindikiro 1-1.4.
Chothandiza ndicho kukhazikika kwa chitsamba cha fruiting cha mitundu iyi ya mphesa, komanso kumatha kutsegula maso 30-35 ndi 22-24 mphukira.
Ndi zonsezi, ndi chitsamba chimodzi, ngakhale osasamala kwambiri, mukhoza kusonkhanitsa pafupifupi mapaundi 6 a masango abwino.
Komanso, chitsamba chimayamba kubala chipatso kwa zaka 2-3 mutabzala mmalo osatha.
Ponena za zipatso za mphesa izi, malinga ndi izi, "Nizin" amawerengedwa kuti ndi ofanana. Makamaka, nthawi ya kukula kwa chitsamba, ndiko kuti, kuyambira nthawi yomwe maso ake akuphuka mpaka kukula kwa chipatso chimayamba, kumatha masiku 125-145, malingana ndi dera la kukula.
Kotero, mu dera limodzi, zokolola zingayambike kuyambira pa 20 August, mwa ena, pokhapokha pa 10 September.
Posakhalitsa ossofunika kwambiri makhalidwe abwino a mphesa "Nizina"
- Mitunduyi imakhala ndi nyengo yabwino yokolola, ikulepheretsa kukula ngakhale kumadera osiyanasiyana a Russia.
- Amadziwika ndi kukula kwakukulu kwa mphukira, komanso kukula kwa mpesa.
- Chifukwa cha maluwa amodzi ndi abambo, kukongola kwa chitsamba kumapezeka 100% ndipo chitsamba chimabereka zipatso zosakhazikika. Komanso, chifukwa cha izi, zipatso sizitsamba.
- Masango a mphesa amasiyanitsidwa ndi maonekedwe abwino komanso zipatso zabwino kwambiri.
- Zipatso zimatha kutenga mosavuta ngakhale kayendedwe kautali kwambiri.
- Kukaniza kwa chisanu kuli pamtunda wapamwamba kwambiri. Mitengo ya mpesa wa Vizina sinawonongeke ngakhale -23ºะก.
- Kukaniza matenda osiyanasiyana a minda ya mpesa, kuphatikizapo oidium, mildew ndi imvi zowola, mphesa iyi ili pamwamba kwambiri.
- Ngakhale kukoma kwa zipatso, mbewu za mphesa zomwe zafotokozedwa sizimakhudzidwa ndi ziwombankhanga.
Zovuta ndi mavuto a kukula mphesa Kraynova
Ngakhale mphesazo "Nizina" sizili zosangalatsa kwambiri kuti zisamalire, ziri ndi zofunikira zina zomwe zimakhala ndi zobzala. Makamaka, nkofunika kwambiri kuti chitsamba chikhale ndi malo akuluakulu a chakudya (ndikofunika kuti tizitsamba tchire patali kwambiri).
Komanso, phindu lalikulu la zokolola limapangidwa kuthengo. Inde, mukhoza kusiya zonsezo, koma kukula kwa magulu ndi zipatso zidzakhala zochepa kwambiri. Pachifukwa ichi, chitsamba chimafuna lamulo lovomerezeka. Pa nthawi yomweyi, sikuti chiwerengero cha mbewucho chimachotsedwa, komanso chimachokera.
Komanso, kuthamanga kwa chitsamba ku matenda monga oidium kumatha kuchepa kwambiri ngati kutentha kwa mphepo kumatentha kwambiri kwa nthawi yaitali. Pankhaniyi, akatswiri amalangiza spray mphesa zakudapamene iwo ali mu gawo limenelo pamene zipatso zimatsanulidwa.
Sulfure yogawanika ndi yabwino kwambiri poyambitsa pollination.
Ambiri amapezanso vuto lokhala ndi mbeu 2-3 mu zipatso. Inde, nthawi zina izi zingathe kulepheretsa chisangalalo cha zipatsozi. Koma mbali ina, mafupa ndi mbewu za kubzala zipatso, zomwe ziri zofunika
Zomwe muyenera kudziwa zokhudza zomwe zimabzala chitsamba cha mphesa: awulule zinsinsi zonse
Maluwa a mphesa si makamaka whimsical ku zikhalidwe za kukula ndi kubzala, ngakhale kudziwa zazing'ono zachinyengo zomwe zingakuthandizeni kukwaniritsa mofulumira ndi fruiting akadali ofunika.
Koma chinthu chofunikira kwambiri ndi kusankha malo abwino oti mubzala mbewuyi, yomwe ingakwaniritse zosowa zake zonse. Makamaka, payenera kuperekedwa kwa zotsatirazi:
- Malo owunikira kuti akule mphesa. Izi zikhoza kutchedwa chofunikira kwambiri, popeza m'malo amthunzi mphesa sizimakula, komanso zimabala zipatso zoipa. Choncho, sankhani mphesa chabe kumwera kwa chiwembu chanu.
- Chitetezo chochokera kumphepo ya kumpoto. Mphepo imakhala yoopsa kwambiri chifukwa cha ma inflorescences. Iwo ndi ofooka kwambiri, ndipo ndi mphepo yamphamvu, makamaka kuchokera kumpoto, amatha kuwuluka mozungulira. Izi sizikutanthawuza kuti tchire zimafunika kuti tibzalidwe m'malo opanda mphepo, koma simuyenera kuzisiya popanda chitetezo. Choncho, ndi bwino kubzala mphesa kumbali ya kumwera kwa nyumbayo. Chifukwa cha ichi, mudzateteza ndi kupanga zokongoletsera zokongola za nyumba yanu.
- Kubzala kwa nthaka. Chofunika kwambiri, makamaka ngati mukufuna kukwaniritsa zokolola zambiri. Zipatso zabwino za mphesa "Nizina" zimapereka pokhapokha mutakula pa nthaka yakuda, ngakhale ngati zimadyetsedwa nthawi zonse ku dothi lina, zotsatira zake zidzakhala zabwino.
- Madzi akuya pansi. Kukhala pafupi kwambiri ndi nthaka pamwamba kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwa mizu. Zabwino kwambiri, ngati ali pamtunda wa mamita 2.5. Nthawi zina, muyenera kukumba dzenje kapena dzenje lomwe lingakhale ngati ngalande.
- Ndondomeko ya kubzala mipesa. Tanena kale kuti mphesa "Nizina" imafuna malo ambiri odyera. Pa chifukwa ichi, pakati pa tchire la mawonekedwewa ndikofunika kupanga malo otetezeka kwambiri, pafupifupi mamita atatu. Pakati pa mizere iwiri - pafupifupi mamita 4.
Sankhani njira yobzala chitsamba champhesa "Nizina"
Mphesa zikhoza kufalikira m'njira zingapo, zomwe zilizonse zimagwira ntchito mwa njira yake. Kusiyana kumeneku kumangophatikizapo zokhazokha ndi zokhumba zanu.
1. Mbewu za mphesa. Ndi kosavuta kuti onse apeze komanso akule. Kufika sikungayambitsenso mavuto ngati mutakonzekera pasadakhale (tidzakulongosola mwatsatanetsatane).
Kuphatikizana kwakukulu kwa kusamba kwa mphesa ndiko kuti chitsamba chidzakhala ndi mitundu yonse yazinthu zosiyanasiyana + izi ndi zabwino ngati mphesa zimabzalidwa pachigawo choyamba.
2. Kumtengolera mitengo. Njira yochepetsetsa, kukula kwa chitsamba chatsopano ndi kulowera mwamsanga ku fruiting. Pambuyo pake, katunduyo pa nthawi ya kumtumikizanitsa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi matabwa osatha komanso mizu yabwino.
Koma pali vuto limodzi: ngati katunduyo si osiyanasiyana "Nizin", chitsamba chatsopano chikhoza kutaya makhalidwe ake ndi kukhala ndi makhalidwe a katundu (mwachitsanzo, akhoza kukhala ndi mphamvu yochepa).
3. Kugwiritsira ntchito matepi. Njira iyi ndi yabwino ngati inu kapena anzanu mumakhala ndi chitsamba cha Nizina chachitsulo pa chiwembu. Pachifukwa ichi, imodzi mwa mphukira yaitali kwambiri kwambiri imaponyera pansi ndikuwaza pamwamba pake.
Ndi chinyezi chokwanira, patapita kanthawi, mphukira idzayamba mizu ndikuyamba kukula, ngati chitsamba chosiyana. Ngati kagawo kakadulidwa, chitsamba chatsopano chikhoza kuikidwa ngati phula.
Kodi ndi nthawi iti yolima mphesa "Nizina"
Ponena za masiku odzala, ndiye chirichonse chingathe kutambasula kwambiri, makamaka masika. Kufunika kwakukulu pa nkhaniyi kumapangitsa njira yothetsera.
Mwachitsanzo, kumayambiriro kwa masika ndi m'dzinja, mungathe kubzala "mbatayi", maluwa, kapena kupanga nthambi.
Mu nyengo yozizira, nyengo ikayamba kukhazikika, mukhoza kudzala mbande zobiriwira kapena kubzala msipu wobiriwira. Mafupa amatha kukhala pafupifupi chaka chonse.
Chinthu chofunika kwambiri chokhudza kubzala mphesa mu kugwa ndi izi: Nthawi imayenera kusankhidwa pamene zipangizo zonse zodyera zatha, ndipo palibe nthawi yoti ayambe kukula patsogolo pa chisanu cha chisanu.
Kumadera akummwera, izi zikhoza kukhala mapeto a March, ndipo m'madera akutali kwambiri kumakhala kuyamba kapena pakati pa mwezi wa Oktoba.
Kudzala bwino kwa mphesa ndi mbande: zinthu ndi malamulo
Chofunika kwambiri kuti njira iyi yoberekera mphesa kukonzekera dzenje.
Ndikofunika kutsanulira mu feteleza kotero kuti akhoza kudyetsa chitsamba kufikira atalowa mu fruiting. Komanso, dzenje liyenera kukonzekera kale kwambiri kusiyana ndi momwe zimakhalira, chifukwa zonse zomwe zili mkatizi ziyenera kumira mpaka pano. Apo ayi, pamodzi ndi feteleza ndi nthaka, nyemba idzafesa, ndipo khosi lidzakhala pansi. Izi siziyenera kuloledwa mulimonsemo, chifukwa chake dzenje limakonzedweratu mu masabata awiri (chifukwa cha kubzala kwa mphesa, ikhoza kukonzekera kugwa).
Kutalika ndi m'katikati mwa dzenje likuyenera kuchita pafupi mamita 0.8, zomwe zingakuthandizeni kupanga feteleza okwanira. Monga momwe tawonera posachedwapa gwiritsani ntchito nthaka yothira, pang'ono potaziyamu mchere, superphosphates ndi nayitrogeni, komanso ndowa 2-3 za kompositi. Pomwe wadzaza chisakanizo ichi mu dzenje, ndiyeneranso kuliphimba ndi dothi losasunthika, lomwe lidzateteza mizu ku zotentha ndi feteleza.
Mbeu yokha imasankhidwa mosamala: mizu iyenera kukhala yoyera, ndipo chodula chapamwamba ndi chobiriwira.
Musanabzala, mizu yaying'ono imatsikira m'madzi, komanso mu njira yothetsera "Humate" yomwe imatha kukonzanso mizu. Kenaka, mmerawo umatsikira kudzenje mpaka pamzere wa mizu yake ndipo pang'onopang'ono anadzazidwa ndi dothi.
Kuti dothi likhale molimba kwambiri mu dzenje ndipo panalibe mpweya pafupi ndi mizu, theka la njirayi mukhoza kutsanulira 10 malita a madzi mu dzenje. Pambuyo pake, dzenje likupitirizabe kugona, ndipo pamapeto pake chitsamba cha mphesa chimatsitsidwanso madzi ambiri, omwe ayenera kukhala pafupifupi malita 20.
Pafupi ndi sapling ndi kofunika kuyendetsa chithandizo cholimba, chomwe chingakuthandizeni kuziphimba m'nyengo yozizira popanda kuwonongeka. Nthaka kuzungulira mmerayo imayikidwa ndi wosanjikiza wa 3-4 masentimita a mulch.
Ndizosangalatsanso kuwerenga za mitundu ya mphesa ku Siberia
Kusamalira mphesa: musaiwale za chirichonse?
- Musaiwale za kuthirira chitsamba cha mphesa. Ndipotu, kumafuna chinyezi zambiri panthawi yolowera zomera komanso panthawi yopanga mbewu. Komanso, chitsambachi chimaphatikizidwa pa nthawi yayitali.
- Kuti asunge chinyezi m'nthaka yaitali, chotsaliracho chiyenera kukhala chodzaza ndi mulch. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito moss kapena utuchi wamdima.
- Fruiting chitsamba ndi zofunika kudyetsa. Izi zidzakuthandizira kukula ndi kusasitsa kwa mphukira, komanso kukhazikitsa mbewu yokha. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwezo zomwe tinalimbikitsa kuti zikhale mu dzenje pamene mutabzala.
- Chaka chilichonse m'dzinja, mpesa uyenera kudulidwa. Ndibwino kuti mufupikitse mphukira iliyonse kapena 2-4, kapena 8-10. Ndiponso, mothandizidwa ndi kukonza mungathe kupanga chitsamba chokha. Ndibwino kuti "Nizina" asankhe mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe ambiri.
- Akuluakulu a chitsamba cha mphesa sangathe kubisala, koma mbande zoteteza ku chisanu ndizofunikira.
- Kupopera mankhwala a mphesa kuyenera kuchitika nthawi zonse. Izi zimachitidwa kwambiri pofuna kupewa, kotero kuti pamapeto pake safunikira kuthana nawo. Kutayidwa tchire pamaso pa maluwa ndi panthawi yopanga mbewu.
