Pakali pano, akalulu akuswana bwino - nthambi ya chuma cha dziko, yomwe imabweretsa phindu lalikulu. Nyama imakwezedwa chifukwa cha ubweya waukulu ndi nyama zodyera. Tsopano pali mitundu pafupifupi 90 ya akalulu, omwe amamera kuwonjezeka kwa mafakitale ku ziweto, komanso amakhala ndi ziweto.
Mtundu uliwonse uli ndi ubwino wake ndi ubwino wake. Kawirikawiri, mitundu yonse ya akalulu imapindulitsa kwambiri, choncho, ziweto zonse zobwezeretsa ziweto zimapanga kuswana. M'buku lino, timaganizira zochitika za akalulu akuluakulu.
Kwa ambiri, kalulu wamkulu woyera ndi munthu wokondedwa kwambiri mu nkhani ya L. Carroll! Ichi ndi nyama yokongola yomwe imakondedwa ndi ana ndi akulu, kotero ndimasangalala kuisunga kunyumba.
Kwa nthawi yayitali, obereketsa anagwira ntchito yotulutsa zinyama zoyera, chifukwa cha akalulu a mtundu waukulu kwambiri anawonekera. Iwo mwamsanga adalandira kuzindikira kwa anthu onse, ndipo adakhalanso otchuka pakati pa alimi a abusa akunyumba ndi akunja. Pakalipano, amawombera pa mafakitale chifukwa cha ubweya wokongola ndi nyama yamtengo wapatali. Ndi zifukwa ziti za mtunduwu ndi zomwe zimayambira kubzala kwake, mudzaphunzira kuchokera m'buku lino.
Kufotokozera
White Giant ndi mtundu wa meatshkurnaya wa ku Belgium, womwe umapezeka chifukwa cha akalulu a alubino a Flandre ovuta komanso ovuta. Chinyamacho chinabweretsedwa ku Russia kuchokera ku Germany mu 1927.
Ku USSR, akatswiri a Soviet anayesetsa kukonza makhalidwe awo. Chotsatira chake, mtundu wamphongo woyera unasinthika mwa kutsata njira yokha kuswana ndi kuyambira kwa chinchillas ndi akalulu a chimphona chachikulu ndi flandre.
Chiberekero chafalikira, nthawi zambiri chimabzalidwa m'minda yamapiri ndi m'minda. Pakali pano, ziweto zamtengo wapatali za akalulu oterewa zimayikidwa mu Tula ndi Krasnoyarsk Territories, ku Tatarstan, kumadera a Leningrad ndi Kursk.
Maonekedwe
Oimira masiku ano amtunduwu amadziwika ndi kulemera kwakukulu kwa thupi (pafupifupi 5.1 kg). Monga lamulo, iwo sali olemera kuposa 8.3 makilogalamu ndipo osachepera 4.3 makilogalamu. Awa ndi anthu akuluakulu, omwe kutalika kwa thupi lawo kufika pamtunda wa 60 masentimita ndipo sali osachepera 59 masentimita, pamene chifuwa chachikulu ndi chofufumitsa ndi 37 cm, ndi chifuwa chachikulu cha 39 cm.
Thupi lawo limapangidwira, malamulo osungunuka ndi amphamvu, ndipo mafupa ndi ofooka. Mutu wautali ndi wamtali ndi makutu yaitali (15-18 masentimita). Ndilo mafuko aatali kwambiri omwe ali ndi maso ofiira ndi tsitsi lalitali, lofiira. Ubweya wa nyama ndi wandiweyani komanso wonyezimira, koma osati wongoganizira komanso wongokhala ngati chinchillas. Mutu wapansi ndi kupotoza pang'ono. Pali tsitsi pafupifupi makumi awiri ndi ziwiri. Alimi oyipa amalandira zikopa zazikulu, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimapatsidwa mtundu wa ubweya wolemera.
Mtundu wa ubweya umakhala woyera koma wopanda ubweya ndi zosafunika, izi ndi chifukwa chakuti anthu omwe ali ndi ziweto amakhala ndi jini la ulubino.
Kukonzekera
Uwu ndiwo mtundu woyamba wa chakudya, omwe ali ndi akalulu a miyezi isanu, omwe ali ndi kulemera kwambiri tsiku ndi tsiku. Miyezi iŵiri ikulemera 1, 5 kg, miyezi itatu-kale 2 kg, ndipo miyezi inayi ikulemera pafupifupi makilogalamu atatu (pafupifupi 2,6 makilogalamu). Polemera, anthu achinyamata amagawidwa kukhala mitundu ndi makalasi.
Oimira a mtundu uwu nthawi zambiri amapita ndi magulu ena kuti akapeze mitundu yatsopano.
Mbali kuswana, chisamaliro
Ndikofunika kuti nyama zoterezo zisambe: kuyeretsa maselo panthawi ndi kuchiritsa maulendo kawiri pachaka. Ngati nyama yatsopano kapena gulu la zinyama limatsanuliridwa ku ziweto, iyenera kusungidwa, kuyang'anitsitsa, kuyesa maselo awo ndipo itatha kulowetsa anthu ambiri.
Ngati chinyamachi chikudwala, chimakhala chosiyana ndi chiwerengero cha anthu, komanso gulu la anthu, ndipo maselo awo amatetezedwa. Izi ndizomwe zingakuthandizeni kupewa matenda ambiri.
N'zosavuta kubereka anthu oterewa, nthawi zonse ndi chaka chonse okonzekera kukwatirana. Kuti akwaniritse amalola amuna aamuna asanu kapena asanu ndi awiri aliwonse. N'koopsa kuti muwabwezeretse, iwo amachira mwamsanga ndikukhala osasamala.
Asanayambe kuswana, chikho ndi chakudya chikuchotsedwa ku khola la mwamuna. Khola la mkazi limakonzedwera okolu (kuyeretsa ndi kutetezedwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda), mwa iye kuika nkhuni (bwino spruce) kuyika udzu kapena udzu pamwamba. Kuchokera pamenepo mayi woyembekezera adzamanga chisa.
Izi ziyenera kuchitidwa, chifukwa apobe mkazi alibe chinthu chomanga chisa, ndipo ana akhoza kufa. Gwiritsani ntchito nyemba zokha zokha, chifukwa nthawi zambiri zimamangidwa ndi mwana wakhanda m'mabowo onse (mphuno, makutu ndi maso). Kuonjezera apo, mayi akumwa mowa, kuyeza 35 x 60 x 30 masentimita, amaikidwa kumanzere kapena kumbali yonse ya khola, ndipo chivindikirochi chimayikidwa pamwamba kuti tifufuze chisa chake pamwamba.
Khola liyenera kukhala lalikulu, silikhoza kuikidwa padzuwa, m'nyengo yozizira limatetezedwa ndi mphepo ndi mvula, nthawi zina imatentha. Sitiyenera kulenga ma drafts. Monga chitetezo kwa alendo osafuna (makoswe, mbewa, etc.), pansi ndi mbali za khola zili ndi tini. Maselo amasungidwa ndi matabwa awiri, ndipo zitseko zimapanga matope ndikugwiritsa ntchito magetsi oyambirira. Mabanki kwa odyetsa ndi oledzera ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo. Musanayengere, maselo amayeretsedwa ndikupachikidwabe.
Maluso
Mitundu yodabwitsa ya mtunduwu imatengedwa kuti ndi yapamwamba kwambiri ya mkaka wazimayi, amatha kupanga makilogalamu 220 a mkaka patsiku (pafupifupi 200g), pafupifupi ngati Soviet chinchillas. Izi zimapangitsa kuti azitha kukweza anawo ngati broiler. Omwe alimi olima bwino omwe ali ndi ziwembu zapakhomo amakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino, ana awo a miyezi iwiri akulemera makilogalamu awiri.
Zilonda zazing'ono sizidutsa ana 7-8, akuyesa ngati chizindikiro chabwino cha fecundity.
Oimira a mtundu uwu akulimbikitsidwa ndi akatswiri kuti azitha kuphatikiza.
Amakhala ndi mtima wodekha, amakhala bwino ndi akuluakulu ndi ana, kotero amakhala osamalidwa.
Kuipa
Zizindikiro za kulemera ndi kukula kwa zizindikiro za pedigree zimapangitsa kusungidwa kwawo kumalo osatsekedwa kusagwiritsidwe ntchito; amamva bwino m'mabotolo akuluakulu. Ngati ali okalamba m'nyumba, nthawi zambiri amavutika ndi matenda a dermatitis ndi mastitis, komanso amapereka chiwerengero chokwanira chaukwati pa 1 kapena 2. Mukazi, pambuyo pa maola 2-3, mastitis imapezeka nthawi zambiri ngati ikasungidwa m'chipinda chobisika.
Kawirikawiri pakati pa oimira a mtunduwo amawoneka ngati anthu omwe ali ndi chilakolako chosasunthika, amadulidwa kumenyedwa ndi kutsekemera kwa m'mawere kumbuyo kwa mapewa. Nthawi zina akalulu amabadwa ndi mazenera osakwanira kapena anthu omwe ali ndi ubweya wofanana ndi ubweya wa akalulu a downy "chubby". Zonsezi zimachitika chifukwa cha zofooka zazikulu za mtundu, anthu oterewa saloledwa.
Kudyetsa mbali
Nyama zazikuluzikulu za fluffy zimakhala zosasamala mu chisamaliro ndipo sizisankha chakudya. Amadyetsedwa mofanana ndi akalulu a mitundu ina. Chakudya chapadera chimayambitsidwa kwa amayi omwe ali ndi pakati ndi zinyama. Choyamba, amagwiritsa ntchito masamba atsopano, udzu, udzu, ndi mbewu. Ngati ndi kotheka, chakudyacho chimapindula ndi mavitamini ndi ma microelements. Nkhumba amaperekedwa mu mawonekedwe oponderezedwa, chifukwa chaichi amagwiritsa ntchito chipangizo cha tirigu.
Kuwonjezera pa kukula, zimphona sizisiyana ndi mitundu yokongola yokongola, choncho nthawi zambiri amakhala kunyumba, ngakhale kukula kwake kwakukulu. Ndithudi iyi ndi kalulu wokongola kwambiri yomwe imakondweretsa diso ndipo imapangitsa kukhala ndi mtima wosangalala. Kuti iye asakhale gawo la methyl mnyumba, ndiye mpaka kwa miyezi inayi ayenera kuti azikhala pamodzi. Ngati nyama zimadyetsedwa chakudya chouma, amafunika kupatsidwa madzi okwanira nthawi zonse.
Pali nthawi pamene anthu akuluakulu (ngakhale akazi omwe akudikirira okrol) amakana madzi, amaonedwa kuti ndi abwino chifukwa amasonyeza kuti pali madzi okwanira pa chakudya cha munthu woteroyo. Alimi oyipa amawalimbikitsa kupereka "vinaigrette"Ichi ndi chakudya chapadera chomwe chiyenera kuphikidwa kwa maola awiri. Zimakhala ndi chakudya cha masamba, komanso zotsalira za zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba. Zimaphwanyidwa, zophika, zitakhazikika, zimatsanulidwa ndikupatsidwa kadzutsa za ziweto. Mu saladi, mukhoza kuwonjezera masamba owiritsa omwe sadyetsedwa. Zikhoza kukhala squash, dzungu kapena mbatata, ndi nettle, quinoa ndi mapesi a chimanga. M'nyengo yotentha mungathe kulowa mphukira za mitengo ndi udzu wobiriwira.
M'dzinja, ndibwino kukolola chakudya: masamba owopsa, komanso phwetekere, nkhaka, dzungu, chimanga, nyemba, mpendadzuwa ndi nsonga zina. M'nyengo yozizira, makamaka udzu ndi tirigu zimadyetsedwa, monga momwe mungachitire, mukhoza kupereka mkate wothira mkaka kuti udye.
Okrol
Omwe amapanga ziweto amatha kupanga mapulani ndi okroly, kupanga ndandanda yapadera. Yabwino kuswana anapeza kuchokera m'nyengo yozizira, masika ndi chilimwe okrolov. Mu kugwa, iwo amaphedwa nyama, chifukwa amachedwa kulemera.
Maola atatu kapena anayi asanabereke, kalulu wam'tsogolo amathyola chidebe chokhalira chisa, ndiye amathyola m'mimba mwake ndi kumakwirira pamwamba pake. Pakatikati, mkazi amasowa madzi oledzera mwamsanga komanso mosavuta. Kawirikawiri, ndondomekoyi imachitika usiku ndipo imatenga mphindi khumi kapena kuposera ola limodzi. Atabadwa, amayi amanyengerera ana, amawaika m'chisa ndi kuwaphimba nawo.
Zilondazi ndizopaka mkaka, pakadali pano 8-10 makanda atsala pansi pawo, ngati amayi ali mkaka-kawirikawiri, ndiye kuti ana asanu ndi awiri ndi asanu ndi awiri (7) amasiyidwa ndi mayiyo, ngati mayi alibe mkaka (izi ndizosawerengeka) kapena ngati nambala ya mwanayo imakhala yoposa, chisa chomwe akalulu aang'ono ali.
Sikovuta kupanga ana kukhala pansi, ayenera kuchitidwa mosamala kwambiri. Mayi asanabadwe amachotsedwa ku khola, akalulu omwe amachokera kwawo, amatsukidwa ndi madontho ndi udzu, ndipo amaikidwa pakatikati pa chisa chake, chophimba ndi chisa chachisa china. Chonde dziwani kuti ana obadwa kumene sayenera kukhala osiyana kwambiri mu msinkhu ndi kulemera kwa ana kuchokera ku chisa cha wina.
Kusamalira Kalulu
Khola ndi ana akhanda ayenera kuikidwa pamalo opanda phokoso, kumene kulibe zida. Amayi omwe ali ndi ana ayenera kukhala mu mkhalidwe wa mtendere ndi bata. Nyama zimangogwiridwa ngati njira yomaliza. Zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndizo ziyenera kuchitidwa bwino, popanda kuyenda mofulumira komanso kovuta.
Akazi atabweretsa chilakolakocho, ng'ombe ziyenera kufufuza mosamala mwana wakhanda, anthu akufa ayenera kuchotsedwa ku chisa, ndipo athanzi ayenera kusiya. Musanayese, yambani manja bwinobwino ndikuwapukuta. Ana amafufuzidwanso pa miyezi iwiri. Pa nthawiyi, iwo ali ndi tsitsi lopenya ndikuwona bwino. Makanda ali ofooka, osayanjanitsika, ndi maso opunduka komanso tsitsi lopweteka lomwe limachotsedwa chisa. Pakuti mazira a chilimwe ndi autumn amafunikira chisamaliro chapadera, amakula pang'onopang'ono.
Kale pa tsiku 16-20, makanda amayesa kutuluka pachilumbacho. N'zotheka kupatukana ana kuchokera kwa amayi okha pamene atha kuyamwitsa nthawi, patatha miyezi itatu atabadwa. Ndizosatheka kugula kapena kugulitsa ana a miyezi iwiri, ali ofooka kwambiri, chitetezo chawo chonse chimadalira kuchuluka kwa ubwino wa mkaka wa amayi. Kuonjezera apo, ali ndi mphamvu zokhudzana ndi zakuthupi ndi zamaganizo kwa amayi.
Ana amitundu amaikidwa pa tsiku la 60 la kubadwa, amasungidwa anayi mu khola, mosiyana ndi akazi ndi amuna. Amuna omwe ali ndi miyezi itatu amatha kusudzulana pa nthawi imodzi m'maselo osiyanasiyana, ndipo akazi amatha kukhala awiri pa khola.
Achinyamata akuthawa amatha kuchotsedwa pambuyo pa masiku 40-45, ndipo akukhazikitsidwa m'magulu a anthu asanu kapena asanu ndi mmodzi. Poyamba, anyamatawa amadyetsedwa pamene amadyetsa amayi awo, pang'onopang'ono amayamba zakudya zatsopano kapena kusintha zakudya zonse. Akalulu amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzinthu zatsopano kwa nthawi yaitali.
Mu miyezi itatu, ndikofunika kudziwa kugonana pa nthawi yoyenera. Pa msinkhu uwu, kusiyana kwa pakati pa amuna ndi akazi kumatha kuchotsedwa. Zinyama zimatembenuzidwa kumbuyo kwawo, dzanja limodzi limagwira kumbuyo kwa khosi, lina ndi mchira ndikukankhira kumalo pafupi ndi anus. Muzimayi, mumatha kuona mtundu wa pinki, womwe umakhala wochepetsera mchira, ndipo amunawo amatha kuona bwinobwino kachilombo kakang'ono kamene kali ndi dzenje pamwamba.
Pambuyo pozindikira za amuna, ndizofunika kusiyanitsa pakati pa amuna ndi akazi kuti athetse chiopsezo cha achinyamata. Amuna amtundu sangathe kusungidwa m'magulu, chifukwa pakutha msinkhu, amayamba kumenyana ndipo amatha kuvulazana wina ndi mnzake, osagwirizana ndi moyo. Pakhala pali milandu pamene munthu wamphamvu amachotsa mazira ochita mpikisano.
Zochitika payekha zimayenera nthawi yake. Iwo sangathe kupambana, kuponderezana kapena kuponderezedwa, zonsezi zimachepetsa mphamvu zobereka za munthu aliyense, zimapangitsa kuti azikhala osagwira ntchito ndipo zimabweretsa ana ochepa.
Kukhazikitsa anthu achinyamata omwe akutsalira m'mbuyo mwa chitukuko amadyetsedwa mwamphamvu komanso osadulidwa. Iwo "amakanidwa" ndipo amapangidwa kukhala magulu osiyana.
Pofuna kulemba kalulu amatenga zizindikiro. Kuti muchite izi, tcherani khutu la mwana wamwamuna wa zaka 30 mpaka 45, mutengeni ndi kumwa mowa, kujambulani utoto ndi nambala yofunikila mu sitiroko ya tattoo, pangani mphika pafupi ndi m'mphepete mwa khutu (pakati pakati ndi kunja) ndi mascara alowe mu bala. Nambala yowonjezera imalembedwa kudzanja lamanja, kumanzere - mwezi ndi chaka cha kubadwa (chiwerengero chotsiriza).
