Anthu ogwira ntchito m'nyengo ya chilimwe, komanso oyambitsa ntchitoyi, mwina amadziwa momwe zimakhalira zovuta kusamalira munda. Namsongole, dzuwa lotentha ndi matenda osiyanasiyana amapha gawo lalikulu la zokolola zam'tsogolo, choncho vuto la kusungidwa kwake likukula kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, kodi mumadziwa momwe mungaphimbe mabedi kuti muwateteze ku zovuta za chilengedwe? Ayi? Ndiye nkhaniyi ndi ya inu.
Filimu ya polyethylene
Chinthu chodziwika kwambiri komanso chogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi filimu ya pulasitiki. Kumeneko sikunagwiritsidwe ntchito: mu moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku, mafakitale ngakhale panthawi ya ntchito ya dacha-munda, chifukwa nthawi yayitali ndizofunikira kwambiri popanga wowonjezera kutentha (zosiyana za filimuyi zimakhala zosiyana siyana).
Mwachitsanzo, popanga filimu yowonongeka, kuwala kwa dzuwa kumaphatikizidwanso, komwe kumateteza kutentha kwa polima ku zotsatira zoipa za dzuwa. Mkhalidwe wa bata wazinthu zotere umatsimikiziridwa ndi kuchuluka kwa stabilizer yowonjezera. Kuonjezera apo, dawi imawonjezeredwa ku filimuyi, yomwe ingasinthe kuwala kwa dzuwa.
Ndikofunikira! Firimu ya polyethylene ikhoza kusunga kutentha bwino ndikusunga chinyezi popanda kusokoneza kapangidwe ndi mphamvu za nthaka. Komanso, chifukwa cha iye, amatha kuteteza nthaka kusamba feteleza, kutanthauza kuti nthawi yokolola idzakhala yoyambirira.
Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu kwa izi zophimba m'munda ndi filimu yakuda ndi yoyera, yomwe mbali imodzi ndi yakuda ndipo inayo ili yoyera. Ndibwino kuti tigwiritse ntchito m'mitengo yobiriwira, komwe ili ndi dziko lapansi loyera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti dzuwa liwoneke. Pa nthawi yomweyo, mbali yakuda salola kuti namsongole amere pakati pa mbeu zabwino.
Kuwonekera kwa filimu ya pulasitiki mukumanga nyumba zobiriwira kumasonyezedwa mu msinkhu waukulu wa mphamvu ndi kukana makina opanikizika. N'zotheka kukwanitsa kuchita bwino kwambiri chifukwa cha teknoloji yapadera yopanga zipangizo, pamene makina oyimilira amaikidwa mu filimu yapakati pa zitatu.
Mapangidwe a filimu yomwe imalimbikitsanso nthawi zambiri imaphatikizansopo zivomezi za UV, zomwe zimangowonjezera kuwala kwa dzuwa, komanso kuwonjezera moyo wa filimuyo. Chifukwa cha ichi, chikuwonjezeka kwambiri.
Mukudziwa? Pulogalamu ya polyethylene imapezeka mwachisawawa kuti katswiri wa ku Germany dzina lake Hans von Pechmann anakumana mu 1899.
Zina mwazinthu zina za filimu ya polyethylene, ndizosatheka kusiyanitsa mphamvu yabwino yotumizira, kuteteza kutentha ndi kuteteza zomera ku chisanu ndi mphepo.
Pa nthawi yomweyo zovuta za ntchito ziyenera kuphatikizapo mwayi wogwiritsidwa ntchito pokhazikika ndi chithunzi, kusakwanitsa kudutsa chinyezi ndi mpweya (muyenera kuyamwa nthawi zonse ndikupuma zomera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ndalama zitheke kuntchito) komanso mwayi wodwala matenda, omwe amachokera ku filimuyi.
Kuonjezerapo, pambuyo pa mvula, ngati madzi akuphatikizapo, filimu ikhoza kugwedezeka. Kawirikawiri pafupifupi polyethylene zakuthupi ndikwanira kwa nthawi imodzi, ngakhale mutayesa wonjezerani moyo wake wautumiki mwa kuchotsa, kutsuka ndi kuyanika bwino dacha yotsatira.
Mitundu Yopanda Mitundu Yopangidwa ndi Polypropylene
Zolemba zosafunika kwa mabedi (kuphatikizapo m'nyengo yozizira) - Izi ndizochita zachilengedwe, zomwe zimapangidwa ndi polypropylene fibers pogwiritsa ntchito kutentha. Zogwiritsa ntchito, zopanda nsalu ndizofanana ndi filimu ya polyethylene, koma khalidwe lawo labwino ndilosiyana.
Choyamba, Zipangizozi ndi zochepa kwambiri komanso zofiira kuposa polyethylene, ndipo zimatha kuphimba zomera popanda kuthandizira, pokhapokha kuponyera nsalu pamwamba. Kuphatikiza apo, mwayi wopindulitsa ndi kuthekera kudutsa chinyezi ndi mpweya, Chifukwa chake n'zotheka kuthirira zomera popanda kuchotsa chivundikiro chawo.
Malingana ndi kuchuluka kwa msinkhu, mapiritsi osapangidwa ndi polypropylene akhoza kugawidwa mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana:
- 17-30 g / m2 - Zida zomwe zingateteze mbande kutchire kuchokera ku dzuwa lotentha kwambiri ndi usiku wachisanu chisanu, ndi kuwonongeka kwa madzi, mpweya ndi kuwala, kuphatikizapo matenthedwe abwino othandizira, zimathandiza zomera kuti zikhazikitse zinthu zabwino kuti zikule bwino.
Phindu lina losagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsira ntchito nkhaniyi ngati malo ogulitsira kutentha ndikuteteza mbalame ndi tizilombo. Chifukwa cha nkhaniyi ndi makina a 17-30 g / sq.m, amakhalanso ndi masamba, tchire, zipatso, zipatso ndi zokongola, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimamera panthaka.
- 42-60 g / sq.m - Ndibwino kuti pakhale kukonza kwa wowonjezera kutentha ndi ma arcs, ndipo ndikofunika kupereka malo obisala ku zomera.
- 60 g / m2 - zowonjezereka zopanda nsalu "zaulesi", phindu la ntchito yomwe imalipilira mokwanira mtengo wake wamsika.
Pakati pa kupanga mapuloteni osakanizidwa, makampani ena angapangitse kuti apangidwe ndi UV stabilizer yokonzera moyo wa mankhwalawo.Kuwonjezera kwa kabasi wakuda kumapereka nonwovens mtundu wakuda umene umathandiza kutentha dzuwa, kotero kuti zomera pansi pa malo zimalandira kutentha kwambiri, ndipo namsongole obisika ku dzuwa amafa msanga.
Kawirikawiri, zinthu zakuda zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nsalu, ndipo zoyera zimatambasula mafelemu kuti ateteze munda. Kapangidwe kake kamaloleza kuti ipitirize kudutsa chinyezi, kotero kuthirira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza zamadzimadzi sikovuta.
Pakati pa kupanga mapuloteni osakanizidwa, makampani ena angapangitse kuti apangidwe ndi UV stabilizer yokonzera moyo wa mankhwalawo.Zina mwazinthu zosafunika zomwe sizinagwiritsidwe ntchito masiku ano n'zovuta kusankha njira yabwino. Komabe, musaiwale zimenezo Chofunika cha zonsezi ndi chimodzimodzi, ndipo kusiyana kuli kokha mu matekinoloje opanga katundu ndipo, ndithudi, pamtengo.
Njira yotchuka kwambiri pamsika wa pakhomo ndi spunbond (Zosavala zopangidwa ndi polymer kusungunuka spunbond), amene dzina lawo kwenikweni linakhala dzina la banja lophimba zipangizo.
Choncho, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuti eni a dacha apange chiganizo: spunbond kapena agrospan (nonwoven chophimba zinthu ndi moyo wautali wautumiki).
Kuphimba zinthu zamatabwa
Mulch yophimba zinthu (kapena kungoti "mulch") - Ichi ndi chogwiritsidwa ntchito kapena chogwiritsidwa ntchito popanga munda.
Cholengedwa chamoyo amadziwika ndi kuthekera kwa kuvunda mofulumira, chifukwa cha nthaka yomwe imaperekedwa ndi zinthu zothandiza (makhalidwe ake ndi abwino komanso kusintha kwa acidity). Poganizira kusintha kwa asidi momwe nthaka ikuyendera, m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito mulch wochuluka ndi kusamala kwambiri.
Pa nthawi yomweyo mulching zakuthupi omwe angaperekedwe mwa mawonekedwe a miyala, miyala, miyala, miyala yophwanyika, granite ndi ma marble chips, kuwonjezera pa cholinga chachikulu, amachitiranso ntchito yokongoletsera.
Monga nsanamira m'munda nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito filimu yakuda ndi yamitundu, yomwe ikhoza kuphatikizidwa ndi zokongoletsera.
Ndipotu, pokhapokha ngati ali ndi luso lokongoletsa ndi zokongoletsera zokhazokha (mwachitsanzo, kuphatikiza bwino kumapereka chingwe chopanda nsalu pansi ndi makungwa a mtengo pamwambapa) mukhoza kupeza zotsatira zogwira mtima kwambiri.
Kawirikawiri, agrofibre ya mulching imatanthawuza osapangidwa ndi polypropylene zipangizo, zomwe, ngakhale kuti sizovulaza anthu, nyama ndi zomera okha, sasiya mwayi uliwonse wamsongo kufa chifukwa cha kupanda kuwala. Kuchuluka kwa "nsalu" iyi (kwa wowonjezera kutentha kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri) ndi 50-60 g / sq.m.
Njira yogwiritsira ntchito mulch yophimba zinthu ndi izi: Kudikirira mpaka nthaka ikauma pambuyo yozizira, iyenera kukhala yokonzekera kubzala. Pambuyo pake, agrofibre wakuda imafalikira pamabedi, zomwe ziyenera kuteteza kumera kwa namsongole.
Mbewu zazing'ono zowonongeka zimabzalidwa muzitsulo zapachifwamba, zomwe zinayambika kale papepala pogwiritsa ntchito chinthu chilichonse chodula. Choncho, wamaluwa wamaluwa ndi alimi omwe akulima zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba amadzipulumutsa okha kuti asagwiritse ntchito mankhwala a herbicides mu udzu.
Kuwonjezera apo, simukusowa kutha nthawi yayitali pa dacha ziwembu, mukuyesera khama kwambiri pa kupalira munda wamaluwa. Sikudzakhalanso namsongole, ndipo mbewu zathanzi zikukula mumzere womwewo zidzakondweretsa inu ndi kusasitsa mwamsanga.
Strawberries nthawi zambiri anabzala pa mulch kuphimba zakuthupi. Zimakhala zophweka kuti zikule motere, chifukwa kwa zaka zitatu simungaganize za kubzala mbewu, ndipo namsongole ndi ocheperapo.
Ndikofunikira! Monga momwe chiwonetsero chimasonyezera, dziko lapansi pansi pa filimuyo limakhala losasunthika kwambiri kuposa pansi pa zinthu zopanda nsalu.Ndi zophweka kufotokoza zovuta izi: nthawi ya mvula, ngakhale mabulosi akukula pamtundu woterewu amachititsa mchere wambiri kusiyana ndi kuchokera pansi. Zimatuluka kuti zimakula mofulumira kuposa momwe zimakhalira. Komanso, mbeu yonseyi imakhalabe yoyera.
Polycarbonate
Kuphimba polycarbonate - njira yabwino kwambiri yopangira filimu yogona pogona za greenhouses. Mfundo zodalirikazi zimatha kuteteza zomera zonse kuchokera mvula, mphepo ndi mabakiteriya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zizikhala bwino kwambiri ndikukula bwino. Zofunikira Polycarbonate ndi pulasitiki ya pepala, yomwe ili mkati mwake, chinachake chofanana ndi "zisa". Ndikopepuka kwambiri kuposa mankhwala olimba ndipo alibe fungo labwino, ndipo mapepala amadziwika ndi mphamvu yapamwamba.
Mukudziwa?Poyerekeza ndi galasi, pepala la polycarbonate la maselo limalemera kasanu ndi kawiri, ndipo poyerekeza ndi akrisitiki, kulemera kwake kudzakhala katatu pang'ono.Tiyeneranso kuzindikira kuti kutentha ndi kutentha kwambiri kwa pulasitikiyi, ndipo poyera polycarbonate ikhoza kutumizira mpaka 92% ya dzuwa. Kawirikawiri, popanga mapepala a polycarbonate, zowonjezera mavitamini amawonjezereka kwa osakaniza, zomwe zimangowonjezera moyo wogwiritsira ntchito wafotokozedwa.
Mawindo apamwamba a mapepala a polycarbonate opangidwa lero ali ndi matanthauzo otsatirawa: 2.1 x 2 m, 2.1 x 6 m ndi 2.1 x 12 m, ndipo makulidwe awo akhoza kusiyana ndi 3.2 mm mpaka 3.2 cm.
Ngati mukufuna polycarbonate yowoneka bwino, kapena mumakonda nyimbo zowonongeka, mulimonsemo, simudzakhala ndi vuto ndi chisankho, popeza opanga lero amapereka mithunzi yambiri.
Pogwiritsa ntchito makonzedwewo, ndizovuta kwambiri, zinthuzo zikhoza kuteteza zomera kuchokera ku chisanu ndi mphepo. Kuphatikizidwa kwa polycarbonate n'kosavuta kusonkhanitsa ndipo adzatha kukukondweretsa kwa nthawi yaitali ndi kudalirika kwake.
Grid
Pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zingatanthauzidwe, ndi kumeta mzere. Zoonadi, izi sizitengera kutentha, komatu zimapangidwa ndi polypropylene ndi kuwonjezera kwa stabilizer, ndipo imatha kuteteza zomera zaulimi bwino kuchokera ku dzuwa.
Malo ambiri ogulitsa amakhala ndi zobiriwira, koma mungapezenso woyera. Kukula kwa galasi kumapangidwanso, koma m'lifupi mwake nthawi zonse ndilofanana ndi mamita 4. Nthawi zambiri, maukondewa amagwiritsidwa ntchito posankha zipatso akangofalitsa pansi pa mitengo.
Zirizonse zomwe zinali, koma chofunikira chachikulu cha kusankha chophimba ndizoyembekeza zanu ndi zofunidwa kuchokera ku ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, ngati kuli koyenera kuteteza zomera kuchokera kubwezeretsa chisanu, muyenera kumvetsera zofiira kapena filimu yoyera, pamene zipangizo zakuda ziyenera kuyanjana.
Komanso, zambiri zimadalira ndalama za nkhaniyo, ngakhale kuti mukulima mbewu nthawi zonse, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama kamodzi kugula chinthu chabwino kuposa kugula ndalama ndi kugula nyumba zatsopano chaka chilichonse.
