Imodzi mwa nthawi zofunika kwambiri pamoyo wa njuchi zakuthengo ndikuteteza "ntchito yawo" m'nyengo yozizira - nthawi imene mlimi aliyense wodziŵa ntchito kapena wolemba mapepala amayenera kuyandikira ndi udindo wake wonse, ataphunzira ndi mosamala nsonga zonse zomwe analangizidwa kuti azitha kutentha tizilombo zakutchire kuthengo.
About wintering kwa njuchi
Zomera za njuchi ndi njuchi zimatengedwa nthawi yapadera yoyesera, zomwe sizimaloleza zolakwika, kunyalanyaza ndi ulesi. Thanzi, mphamvu ndi tsogolo labwino la tizilombo ngati njira yosungira uchi m'chaka chotsatira chidzadalira kukonzekera kwa njuchi. 
Mukudziwa? Chithunzi choyambirira kwambiri cha njuchi, kumene amasonkhanitsa uchi, ndi zaka 15,000. Chithunzicho chili kum'maŵa kwa Spain, pamakoma a mapanga akale.
Makhalidwe a njuchi okha kumayambiriro kwa yophukira komanso pang'onopang'ono amayamba kusintha - poyembekezera kuzizira mofulumira, amakonzekera chisa chawo pasadakhale: amaika uchi kumtunda kwa zisa, kubweretsa uchi wambiri mumng'oma, yomwe imatseka mipata ndikuchepetsera khomo.
Njira zoterezi zimathandiza kusungira kutentha bwino mu "nyumba", kutetezera kuti asawombedwe ndi mphepo yozizira. Pambuyo pake, kuphatikizapo magawo omalizira, amadziwika ndi kuthamangitsidwa kwa drones, kudyetsa mopanda chilungamo mabokosi a uchi omwe amachitira m'nyengo yozizira, komanso kutha kwa pang'onopang'ono kwa kuchotsedwa kwa ana.
Zingakhale zothandiza kuti mudziwe kumene angayambe kulima njuchi, njuchi za mtundu wanji, momwe njuchi zimagwirira ntchito, za ntchito zazikulu za njuchi mu banja la njuchi, chifukwa chiyani, njuchi ndi njuchi, bwanji kubzala njuchi .
Kale m'nyengo yozizira, njuchi zimasonkhana pamodzi mu mpira, pakati pake ndi chiberekero. Amapitiriza kuyenda kuti apange kutentha kokwanira, kukulitsa pa kutentha kwapamwamba pamwamba pa 20 ° C.
Njuchi zakutchire kuthengo: kanema
Komabe, ngakhale kulimbika kwa tizilombo kwazizira kwa nthawi yaitali, iwo amafunikiranso kutenthetsa kwapadera kunja, mosasamala kanthu za mtundu wa nyengo yozizira, yomwe mlimi ayenera kupereka kuti apitirize kukhala ndi moyo wabwino.
Mitundu ya chisanu cha njuchi
Pali njira zambiri zomwe mungasankhire njuchi:
- kuthengo popanda chisanu;
- kuthengo pansi pa chisanu;
- mu kupambana (omshanik).
Mitundu iliyonse ili ndi mbali zake zomwe zimakhudza thanzi labwino ndi tsogolo la tizilombo. Mwachidziwikire, zinthu zonse zowonjezera zidzaperekedwa kuzinthu zowonongeka za freestyle wintering, choncho, choyamba tiyenera kunena mawu ochepa ponena za mitundu ina.
Phunzirani kukonzekera bwino njuchi zachisanu.
Kutentha kwa chisanu pansi pa chisanu kumatithandiza kugwiritsa ntchito chilengedwe cha chilengedwe (chipale chofewa) kuti apange kutentha kwapadera kwa mkati mwa njuchi, chifukwa ngakhale pamtunda wotsika kwambiri (pansipa -40 ° C), mkati mwa chisanu cha chisanu chidzapitirira kuzungulira -2 ° C. 
Kukonzekera kozizira kotentha "kozizira" kumapereka mlimi kuti apange njira zingapo zofunika, monga:
- mapuloteni ndi zina zotsegula zomwe zimapereka mpweya wabwino ziyenera kupangidwa ndi slate kapena matabwa - kuti asatenge chisanu kuti asalowe mumng'oma;
- Poyambitsa kukwera kwa ayezi, zomwe zingasokoneze mpweya wabwino, malo oyenera ayenera kutsukidwa ndi fosholo (kamodzi pa sabata);
- mu February ndi March, mumatchedwa "mawindo", pamene pali nyengo yozizira kunja kwa dzuwa, ndipo njuchi zimayenda mozungulira, 1-2 masiku ammbuyo (yang'anani maulendo a nyengo), ndi bwino kuponyera chisanu kuchoka ku khoma lakumaso, kuchotsa chitetezo chophimba kutchinga, kutsuka ndi kufalitsa udzu patsogolo pake. Pambuyo pouluka ntchentche, chishango chiyeneranso kutsamira pa khoma la mng'oma, chophimbidwa ndi chipale chofewa, kumvetsera, nthawi yomweyo, momwe mpweya udzakhalira.
Kusuntha ming†™ oma mumalo osungirako bwino (nyumba yachisanu) idzaperekanso njuchi kukhala ndi nthawi yabwino kwambiri yopuma mokwanira m'nyengo yozizira. Njira yayikulu yopanga njirayi ndiyo kupulumutsa mphamvu ya tizilombo, chifukwa cha zomwe adzasamalire zakudya zochepetsetsa komanso osadula matumbo. 
Omshanik si owomveka kukonzekera, nkhokwe yowonongeka ikhoza kutumikira chifukwa chaichi, chinthu chofunikira ndikuganizira zonse, ngakhale zinthu zosafunika kwenikweni:
- chipinda chiyenera kukhala chouma ndi chofunda, chosasunthidwa ndi mphepo ndipo osanyowa patsiku;
- Mawindo amafunika kutsekedwa ndi nsalu zakuda zomwe siziwathandiza masana, zomwe zimakhala zokhumudwitsa kwambiri njuchi. Matabwa sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri;
- Chotsani maonekedwe onse a chinyezi mwa kuyanika;
- Nthawi yomweyo kuzizira, msasa wotsatira wachisanu uyenera kuyesetsa kuteteza ku makoswe, kukonza misampha yapadera.
Kodi ubwino wa njuchi zakuthengo kuthengo ndi chiyani?
Kutchire, njuchi zimatha kupulumuka nthawi yachisanu kumapeto kwa matabwa kapena mitengo ya mathanthwe, pamene zimakhala ndi nyengo ya kutentha kwa madigiri 40 - zimakhala "zovuta" ndi kuzikhazika bwino, zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti uchi wokongola ndi mawonekedwe a ana abwino m'tsogolomu. 
Njira yowonjezera yozizira imakhazikanso pa mfundo yomweyi, koma pokhapokha kupambana kwa njirayo kumadalira nyengo ya dera kumene njuchi zilipo.
Kawirikawiri, pokhala nyengo yozizira nthawi zambiri motere, oweta omwe akudziwa bwino amapeza ubwino wambiri:
- kuthekera kwa njuchi zouluka pa masiku ofunda ndi ofunda;
- Kusungirako pomanga chisanu chapadera kapena zida zake;
- Simungathe kutumiza mng'oma kawiri pachaka - mu omshanik ndi kumbuyo;
- Njuchi zimayamba kukula, ndipo mfumukazi imayamba kufesa kale;
- Pomwe kutentha kumafika, tizilombo nthawi zina timatsuka nyanga.
Kodi kuipa kwa njuchi zakutchire ndi kotani?
Zowonongeka za nyengo yozizira ya njuchi ndizo:
- kufunika koyeretsa chipale chofewa kuti atsimikizire kuthawa;
- chitetezo cha ming'oma motsutsana ndi ziweto, zomwe zimangomva miseche ndikudya njuchi;
- Mthunzi wovomerezeka wa dera lanu kuchokera ku dzuwa, kuti tizilombo tisatuluke kunja kwa khoma lachikondi;
- kupereka gawoli kutetezedwa ku mphepo yamphamvu (kumanga mpanda).
Zifukwa za njuchi zakutchire zakutchire
Kutentha kwa njuchi zakutchire sikumabweretsa mavuto ena kwa alimi omwe atha kukonzekera ndondomeko yokonzekera bwino ndipo achita njira zosiyanasiyana zothandizira:
- kulamulira kuchuluka kwa chakudya kumng'oma. Ndi kusowa kooneka, ndibwino kuwonjezera mwamsanga;
- pamene mabanja ofooka amapezeka m'nyumba, zimakhala bwino kuti azisamutsira ku mphamvu, kotero kuti njuchi zonse zikhoza kutha m'nyengo yozizira bwino;
- malo osankhidwa abwino a nyumba. Malo ayenera kukhazikika ndipo, ngati n'kotheka, khalani chete. Chinthu chabwino kwambiri chikanakhala kukweza ming'oma pamtengo;
- Banja liyenera kukhala ndi chiberekero chachichepere ndi chonde, bwino kwambiri kamodzi kokha;
- Kumvetsera mwachidwi ku kampu ndikofunikira kuti mudziwe mavuto alionse. Phokoso lamkati mkati lingasonyeze, mwachitsanzo, kusowa chakudya.
Chinyezi ndi kutentha
Chofunika kwambiri cha nyengo yozizira ndi ulendo woyendera njuchi pamene kusintha kwa kutentha kwakukulu. Masiku oterewa, ndizofunika kwambiri kuteteza zipinda zam'mwamba zowonongeka kotero kuti kutentha m'nyumbamo sikukwera kwambiri kapena, mosiyana, sikugwera pansi pamtunda woyenera.
Ndikofunikira! Kutentha kwakukulu kwa nyengo yozizira yopanda mavuto iyenera kukhala yosiyana ndi 0 ° C mpaka + 2 ° C. Kutukuka kwakukulu (kudutsa +4°C) kupangitsa njuchi kukhala ndi mantha kwambiri. Pomwepo, chikhalidwe chawo chochulukirapo chidzachulukitsa kumwa uchi, poipa kwambiri - adzatha mwa kusiya mng'oma ndi imfa yachangu.
Kuchepa kwambiri mu chiwonetsero pa thermometer sikuwopsyeza njuchi za banja kwambiri; pakadali pano, mpweya wa madzi ukhoza kubweretsa vuto, lomwe limagwera pamakoma a nyumba ngati chisanu ndipo zimapangitsa kuti mvula ikhale yonyowa. Mng'oma wouma umayambitsa nkhungu yomwe ili yoopsa kwa uchi, zomwe zingathandize kuti ayambe kuyang'ana mofulumira.
Dothi lapadera la thermometer lidzakuthandizira kupeza vuto ndi kutentha kwa nthawi, ndi mpweya wokonzedwa bwino, moyenera kulola mpweya watsopano ozizira, kudzathandiza kupeŵa chinyezi chochuluka. 
Mimba
Pofuna kuika mng'oma kuti ikhale yozizira, mlimi ayenera kusungira zinthu izi: polyethylene, poizoni ya polystyrene, poizoni ya polyurethane, udzu, sacking ndi zovala zapanyumba.
Pang'onopang'ono sitepe:
- Gulu la zinyumba pafupi ndi wina ndi mzake kuti kuchepetsa mphepo kulowa mkati mwa makoma ena;
- Kutsekera mkati: ikani mafelemu kumbali zonse ziwiri za banja, kuphimba pamwamba ndi kutsekereza kwambiri mwamphamvu;
- kuyika udzu, kuwona zipangizo kapena masamba ogwa pansi pa nyumba;
- kuika kunja kunja ndi thovu (kumangiriza ku makoma akunja);
- Gwiritsani ntchito mpweya wabwino, mutsegula khomo.
Phunzirani momwe mungapangire ming'oma ya multicase, mng'oma wa Dadan, mng'oma wa Alpine, mng'oma wa Abbot Warre, Hive Boa, nucleus, pavilion.
Kupaka pamwamba
Alimi ambiri omwe ali ndi njuchi, atapanga chovala chokongoletsera kamodzi kisanafike nyengo yozizira komanso kuletsa njuchi kudyetsa njuchi.
Komano, kusokoneza mabanja m'nyengo yozizira sikunali kolondola. Choncho, nkofunikira kutembenukira ku njira yatsopano yomwe idakonzedwa posachedwa komanso yowonongeka. Pa nthawi yoyamba ya ming'oma, chimango chodzazidwa ndi uchi chimayikidwa padenga lawo (pazitsulo), kenako chimadzazidwa ndi nsalu .
Kodi ndi nthawi iti yodyetsa njuchi ndi candi ndi uchi wodyetsedwa.
Njirayi imakhala ndi luso labwino - njuchi, pokhala atadya chakudya, muwonjezeranso 2 kg a uchi mu katundu, zomwe zidzawapatsa chakudya chokwanira kusanafike kasupe. Chojambulacho chikhoza kuikidwa nthawi yozizira, koma musanayambe kutentha kutentha kwapanyumba.
Ndikofunika kuti njuchi zakudya zisakhale zokha za uchi. Kuwonjezera apo mwambo wapadera wapadera mitundu yake yapadera: Candi ndi uchi wophika.
Ndikofunikira! Mchere wa uchi kapena mavitamini ophimba sungagwiritsidwe ntchito, chifukwa, poyamba, njuchi sizigwira ntchito mokwanira kuti zigwiritse ntchito zotengerazo, ndipo kachiwiri, zimatha kuthawa m'nyumba kukafunafuna chiphuphu ndi kufa.
Mbali za njuchi zakutchire zakutchire
Chikhalidwe cha kukonzekera ming†™ oma m'nyengo yozizira chimasiyana mosiyana ndi nyengo. Mwachitsanzo, kumadera akum'mwera kwa Russia, kum'mwera kwa Ukraine ndi ku Central Asia, freestyle wintering sungapereke njira iliyonse yowonjezeretsera. Zomwe sitingathe kunena za chigawo cha pakati ndi kumpoto kwa Russia.
Pakatikati ndi kumpoto kwa Russia
Mbali za kukonzekera njuchi m'nyengo yozizira ndizovuta zochitika. Kuwonjezera pa kusankhidwa mosamala kwa njuchi zazikulu, alimi ayenera kumvetsera ku malo ogona a nyumba pansi pa chisanu.
Njirayi imaphatikizapo kupeza ming'oma pansi pa malo otetezeka, omwe, mpaka kumapeto kwa nyengo yozizira, idzateteza njuchi ku mphepo, madontho a kutentha mwadzidzidzi, kuwala kwa dzuwa ndi zina zotukitsa. 
Kuti nyengo yozizira ikhale yobweretsa zotsatira zabwino, ndibwino kuti mlimi azitsatira malamulo awiri ofunika: malo okwanira odyetserako zakudya komanso njira yabwino yozizira mpweya.
Mumasewero
Zima m'nyengo yotchedwa "chimakwirira" zimaonedwa kuti ndi njira yovuta kwambiri yoteteza mng'oma ku nyengo yozizira. Kuphimba kumatchedwa mapangidwe apadera omwe ali ndi zikopa (makoma ndi kutalika kwa denga la mamita 0.8).
Nthawi zambiri zishango zimapangidwa ndi matabwa apamwamba komanso okongola (makulidwe 0,25 m), anasonkhana pamatabwa yoyandikana. Payenera kukhala mipata yaying'ono pakati pa matabwa kuti azitha kufalitsa mpweya. Pafupifupi, ming'oma 2-3 idzagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga.
Nyumba ziyenera kuikidwa m'mayendedwe omwe ali kale pakati pa mwezi wa November, poyambira chisanu choyamba, kutsegulidwa pakatikati pa mwezi wa March, kuti apulumuke yoyamba. 
Kutentha kwachisanu
Zosangalatsa zazithunzizi:
- Kufewetsa nsonga za kusintha kwa kutentha;
- mpweya wokwanira wabwino chifukwa cha ming'alu yopangidwa kumanga.
Mukudziwa? Ku Igupto wakale, njuchi zazikulu za njuchi zinapangidwira njuchi, zomwe mpaka lero zingapezeke kumadera akutali kwambiri a dziko lino.
Pogwiritsa ntchito malamulo omwe ali pamwambawa, yoyamba ndi yozizira yambiri ya njuchi padzakhala yotetezeka ndipo posakhalitsa mlimi wakhama adzapatsidwa mphotho ya uchi wabwino kwambiri.
Ndemanga kuchokera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti
