Cholinga chofesa phwetekere ndi zipatso zawo zomwe alimi amamvetsera kwambiri. Komabe, ziyenera kumveka kuti pakukolola bwino, choyamba, ndikofunika kukula mbande zabwino, zomwe zimafuna feteleza nthawi zambiri. Kuwonjezeranso kwina kwa mbewuyi kumafunika pafupifupi nthawi zonse, pansipa, tikambirana za mtundu wa feteleza womwe mukufunika kudyetsa tomato.
Zizindikiro za kusowa kwa zakudya m'thupi: kodi muyenera kudyetsa mbande nthawi yanji?
Nkhani yovuta kwambiri pamagulufomu ndi "Kodi mungadyetse bwanji mbande za phwetekere kuti zikhale zowonongeka?", Popeza mbande zochepa zimakhala zosavuta kupereka zokolola zabwino ndipo ndizo chizindikiro choyamba chomwe zomera zimasowa zakudya zina. 
Kawirikawiri, mbande zimabzalidwa mu dothi lapadera, zomwe zimadzaza ndi zigawo zonse zofunikira kukula kwa mbeu, choncho zimabwera pamwamba pa kuvala pokhapokha atakulungidwa kutsegula pansi.
Ndikofunikira! Ndikofunika kuphika mabedi a tomato m'dzinja, pamene wamaluwa nthawi zambiri amadzaza nthaka ndi manyowa kapena humus (ndani ali ndi). Ngati tikukamba za nthaka ya dongo kapena kumira, ndiye kuti kugwa ndikofunika kupanga peat ndi utuchi mu ito, yomwe inali nayo nthawi perepret. Ngati dothi limakhala ndi acidity, silidzasokoneza ufa wachabe kapena dolomite. Dziwani kuti kumapeto kwa mvula mukhoza kupanga manyowa okhawo pansi.
Pambuyo pakuika, mbande sizikula bwino nthawi zonse, koma chikhalidwe chake chimakuuzani zomwe tomato amafunikira:
- pamene mbande za phwetekere zowonjezereka zimachepetsa kukula kwa mbeu pambuyo pa kuika, ndi zobiriwira zake zobiriwira masamba amatembenukadziko lapansi limavutika kuchoka kwa nayitrogeni;
- pamene zomera zikukula mofulumira ndipo pali zowonjezera zowonjezera, zimayenera kuthana ndi zochepetsetsa za nayitrojeni m'nthaka (monga "kutchera mafuta" maluwa am'tsogolo m'tsogolomu kungachititse kuti chipatso chisamangirire ku tchire);
- masamba a tomato omwe apeza mthunzi wofiiriraPambuyo pa kusindikiza nthawi zambiri ndi umboni Kupanda phosphorous m'nthaka, ndipo ngati pali phosphorous kwambiri, masamba ndi ovary adzasanduka chikasu ndikugwa;
- Ngati kambewu kamasamba, atatha kusindikiza, imayamba kutha, imatanthauza kuti ilibe nayitrogeni, ngakhale ngati ili ndi mankhwala ochuluka kwambiri m'nthaka, masamba a mmerawo adzaphimbidwa ndi malo osasunthika;
- pamene masamba othandizira mu nthaka kumatsatira onjezerani nayitrogeni ndi potaziyamu, koma kuchuluka kwa phosphate, m'malo mwake, kuyesedwa kuti asasokoneze.
Ndikofunikira! Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti phwetephorous ndi potaziyamu zikatulutse chipatso chimodzimodzi, mbande ziyenera kudyetsedwa. Ubwino wa zipatso zoterozo zidzakhalanso bwino.Onetsetsani kuti mupange ndalama za feteleza komanso mukamabzala mbande zanu mumchenga. Inde, mukhoza kuchita popanda njirayi, koma ngati munda wanu uli wolemera mu nthaka yakuda.
Mukamagwiritsira ntchito chakudya, yesetsani kuti musapitirire mankhwalawa, monga momwe zomera zimaperekera "kuyamwa" (mankhwala owonjezera omwe amapezeka mu tomato amachititsa tomato molakwika kuposa momwe akusowa).
Ndondomeko yopatsa mbande
Mosasamala mtundu uliwonse wa feteleza womwe mungagwiritse ntchito kudyetsa tomato wanu, ndikofunika kutsatira mlingo ndi feteleza chitsanzo pa bere. Chiwembu cha feteleza mbande ya tomato ndi chonchi:
- Pafupifupi tsiku la 15 mutabzala mbande, mu makapu kapena mabokosi, ndi zomera zimayamba kumera, m'pofunika kuti mumere nthaka: madzi okwanira 1 litre, onetsetsani ndi supuni ya supuni ya nitrophoska ndi yovuta feteleza yopangira phwetekere. Zotsatira zake zimatsanulira chitsamba chilichonse.
- Pa tsiku la 25 mutatha kufesa mbewu, onjezerani yankho la nitrophoska ndi potassium permanganate pansi (yankho liyenera kukhala lofooka, ndiye kuthira madzi okwanira 1 litre zosapitirira 1 teaspoonful ya chinthu chilichonse). Mu 1 lita imodzi ya yankho si superfluous kuwonjezera 0,5 teaspoons ya zovuta feteleza. Kubwereza kavalidwe ka phwetekere n'kofunika masiku khumi ndi awiri.
- Pambuyo pa masiku khumi ndi limodzi, kuyambira nthawi yosankhanitsa tomato aang'ono, onjezerani potaziyamu sulphate ndi superphosphate kunthaka (onetsetsani supuni 10 pa chinthu chilichonse kwa madzi okwanira 10 malita). Olima munda amalimbikitsa kuwonjezera pa feteleza komanso supuni 2 za Kemira.
- Pambuyo pa masiku 7 mpaka 10 kuchokera tsiku loika, limatsanulidwa ndi njira yochepa ya potaziyamu permanganate.
- Pambuyo pa masiku 25 kuchokera tsiku lodzala, mbande imatsanuliridwa ndi yankho la saltpeter, lomwe lidasinthidwa m'madzi (ma gamu 10-20 okha a mankhwalawa amafunika kwa malita 10).
- Chakudya cha Foliar ndi chofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa chifukwa cha iwo zipatso za tomato zidzakula mwamsanga. Mukhoza kudyetsa zomera kamodzi pamlungu kapena kamodzi pa masiku asanu ndi limodzi. Pochita izi, 10 malita a madzi ayenera kuchepetsedwa mu 10 malita a urea, 10 magalamu a superphosphate ndi 10-15 magalamu a potaziyamu sulphate.
- Pamene yoyamba maluwa ikuwonekera pa tchire, imayenera kuwonjezeredwa ndi yankho la mullein ndi azofoska (25 magalamu a chinthu chilichonse pa 10 malita a madzi).
- Kuchokera pa nthawi ya maluwa tchire tidzakhala tikufunikira kudya ziwiri kapena zitatu, zomwe zikulimbikitsidwa kuti zichitike ndi nthawi ya masabata awiri. Kwa malita 10 a madzi muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito pafupifupi magalamu 15 a mullein (wamaluwa nthawi zambiri amalowetsamo zitosi za mbalame) ndi 20 gm ya potassium sulphate. Ngati palibe mullein, mukhoza kutenga saltpeter, koma pokhapokha chiŵerengero cha zinthu mu njirayi chidzakhala makilogalamu 25 a saltpeter ndi 30 magalamu a potassium sulphate.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati tomato amafesedwa panthaka yosauka, ndipo chilimwe chili mvula, chiwerengero cha kuvala chiyenera kuwonjezeredwa kawiri. Pa nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunika kuchepetsa mlingo wa feteleza onsewa ndi 1/3 kuti tomato "asatenthe".
Mitundu ya feteleza feteleza
Ngati simukudziwa momwe mungathandizire tomato kukula, tikhoza kukuuzani za feteleza osiyanasiyana omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu izi. Zosankhazi ndizofunikira kwa anthu onse okhala m'mudzi omwe angathe kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zambiri zakuthupi, komanso anthu okhala m'matawuni omwe amapeza mosavuta kusintha kwa zakudya zamchere.
Mukudziwa? Panthawi yosankha, saltpeter ndi superphosphate zikhoza kuwonjezeredwa pazitsime zomwe mbewuzo zidzabzalidwe. Komabe, simungagwiritse ntchito supuni imodzi ya feteleza pa 1 bwino.
Kudyetsa ndi mullein
Korovyak, nthawi zambiri, amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa feteleza phwetekere. Pamene mwatsopano, zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito pokonzekera mabedi pa kugwa.
Ngati tikukamba za kudyetsa mbande, ndiye Mullein amasonkhanitsidwa mu chidebe, adadzazidwa ndi madzi ndikusiyidwa masiku angapo pansi pa dzuwa. Pambuyo pa kuyaka kwachisakanizo ichi, imadulidwa kwambiri ndi madzi ndi kuthirira mabedi. Manyowa amenewa adzakhala othandiza m'munda wonsewo.
Ndikofunikira! Tomato amaopa kwambiri mlingo wa mullein, umene ukhoza kuuma tchire.
Gwiritsani phulusa
Mukamabzala mbande m'zitsime, mukhoza kuwonjezera pa supuni ziwiri za phulusa, zomwe zimapereka chitsamba ndi zinthu zonse zofunika. Zitha kutengedwa kuchokera ku chitofu, kapena mutha kudula nthambi zowonongeka ndi masamba omwe wagwa pa bedi lamtsogolo ndi tomato.
Phulusa ndi yabwino kwa tomato chifukwa ili ndi potassium zambiri, komanso phosphorus ndi calcium yokwanira. Zoona, ngakhale apa ndikofunika kuti musapitirire kutero - ndi bwino kuika nthaka yake m'dzinja; komanso, mapaundi sangagwiritsidwe ntchito pa 1 mita imodzi imodzi. Dothi lopitirira kwambiri la phulusa limalangizidwa kokha chifukwa cha dothi komanso dothi losavuta.
Kodi kudyetsa phwetekere mbande ndi yisiti?
Sikuti aliyense amadziwa kuti yisiti ikhoza kupindulitsa kwambiri ulimi, makamaka pankhani ya tomato. Kodi kudyetsa phwetekere mbande ndi yisiti? Kwa ichi muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira yowonjezera - 10 malita a madzi, onjezani magalamu 10 a yisiti yamoyo.
Poyambitsa ndondomekoyi, madzi ayenera kutenthedwa, ndipo ndiwothandiza kuchepetsa shuga. Njirayi ndi kutsanulira zitsamba za phwetekere.
Kupaka kovala pamwamba ndi njira ya iodine
Chifukwa cha ayodini, zipatso za tomato zimakula kwambiri, ndipo nthawi yakucha imatha kale kwambiri. Pakuthirira phwetekere, kamodzi pamlungu mupange yankho la 10 malita a madzi, momwe madontho 4-5 okha a ayodini adzakhale okwanira.
Manyowa a fetereza
Manyowa atsopano a tomato, komanso mullein, sakuvomerezeka kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito m'chaka, makamaka ngati si madzi, koma akuphatikiza ndi udzu. Ngati iyo imabweretsedwa pansi mu kugwa, ndiye pafupi ndi kasupe onsewo adzavunda ndikupanga kompositi wachilengedwe m'nthaka. Tomato ndi manyowa abwino kwambiri a mahatchi kapena manyowa a nkhuku.
Kugwiritsa ntchito urea pofuna kudyetsa tomato
Urea ndi zabwino kwambiri gwero la nayitrogeni. Koma kodi mungadyetse bwanji urea tomato, omwe adakali mmera?
Kupaka zovala zapamwamba n'kofunika kuti mutha kuwatsitsa mbatata ku mbedi, kuthirira ndi yankho la urea mwanjira yoti masentimita 20 a mcherewo pa 1 mita imodzi. Amaluwa ambiri amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito urea pofuna chithandizo cha ma foliar.
Kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala pofuna kudyetsa tomato
Mwadzidzidzi yokonzekera tomato, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito superphosphate popeza kukonzekera kumeneku kungapangitse nthaka kukhala yomweyo ndi nayitrogeni, calcium, magnesium, sulfure komanso phosphorous. Njira yothetsera matope a superphosphate imatha kupopedwa. Kwa feteleza ovuta omwe akulimbikitsidwa kuti agwiritse ntchito pamabedi ndi tomato, amagwiranso ntchito nitroammofosk.
Kodi mungatani kuti mudye chakudya?
Thanzi la Foliar limaphatikizapo kupopera tchire ndi madzi ndi feteleza. Kawirikawiri, njirayi siyenela, komabe, ngati tomato atabzalidwa pa nthaka yosavuta kwambiri, maonekedwe a tchire awo amasonyeza kuti alibe calcium ndi phosphorous, kapena maluwa adzawonekera msanga pa tchire, popanda kuvala pamwamba.
Kodi kudyetsa mmera phwetekere foliar njira? Chinthu chabwino kwambiri pa cholinga chimenechi ndi boron, chomwe chimapereka zotsatirazi zabwino za zitsamba ndi zipatso zake:
- pamene processing maluwa nthambi, izo zimapangitsa mapangidwe awo mazira ndi chitukuko cha zipatso;
- tomato opatsidwa boron kukhala okoma;
- Zovala zoterozo zimalepheretsa tchire ndi tomato ndi tizirombo toyambitsa matenda ndi matenda.
Kasamba a phwetekere ayenera kukhala yankho lokonzedwa motere: 1 lita imodzi ya madzi otentha (osati madzi otentha), muyenera kuwonjezera 1 gramu ya boric acid. Sikoyenera kutulutsa masamba ndi mazira, komanso zipatso, ngati zakhazikitsidwa kale. Chitsamba chilichonse chimafuna pafupifupi 10 ml ya feteleza.
Kodi mungadyetse bwanji tomato pa maluwa?
Taphunzira kale funso lakuti "Kodi tingadyetse bwanji mbande zazing'ono za tomato?" Komabe, chomerachi chimafunikanso kuthandizira panthawi ya maluwa, makamaka pankhani ya kulima wowonjezera kutentha. Mwachindunji pa nthawiyi, tchire ndi maluwa awo amalimbikitsidwa kudyetsedwa ndi apadera zovuta kukonzekera - nitroammophoska, kemira ndi diammophos.
Mitundu yambiri yamaluwa imakhala ndi boron ndi phosphorous, yoyamba yomwe ili yabwino kupereka nawo foliar njira. Zamoyo zimakhalanso zothandiza, chinthu chachikulu ndichochipanga kukhala chizolowezi komanso ndifupipafupi.
Mukudziwa? Tomato sakonda nthawi yomwe amamwetsa madzi, choncho ngati chilimwe chimakhala chokwanira, ndiye kuti simungadandaule kwambiri za chinyezi. Komanso, kuti mukolole bwino, zitsamba za phwetekere ziyenera kubzalidwa pamtunda wa masentimita 45 kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake komanso nthawi zonse mu dzuŵa la sunlit.
Ngati tikuyankhula za wowonjezera kutentha kwa nthaka, ndiye kuti akulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza zokha zokhazokha, popeza zinthu zoterezi zimakhala ndi zotsatira zosiyana kusiyana ndi kunja.
Ngati mutatsatira malangizi onse okhudza feteleza a phwetekere, kuyambira mukubzala, mutha kusangalala kwambiri ndi zipatso zokoma ndi zokoma. Pa nthawi yomweyo, zokolola zidzakhala zolemera kwambiri, ndipo nthaka idzakhalabe yobzala chifukwa chodzala mbewu zina.
