Kuti mbewu zambiri zikolole bwino komanso zowonjezereka, m'pofunika kuwapatsa nthawi yoteteza matenda ndi tizirombo. Osati zosiyana pa izi ndi mitengo ya zipatso yomwe imakula mumunda. Makamaka, wamaluwa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi chidwi pa zomwe angapopere maapulo musanakhale maluwa. Ndipotu, pali zipangizo zambiri zothandiza, koma muyenera kudziwa momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito nthawi yoyenera komanso liti.
Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza mitengo ya apulo m'chaka
Kugwiritsira ntchito mitengo ya apulo nthawi yamakono ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri chomwe chimathandiza kuthetsa matenda ambiri ndi tizirombo ta mitengo. Komabe, muyenera kudziwa kuti nkhondo yolimbana ndi tizirombo iyenera kuchitika mu magawo atatu.
Yoyamba - kawirikawiri imayamba pakati pa mwezi wa March (kutentha kwa mpweya kumangokhala pa 5 ° C). Panthawiyi, cholinga chachikulu cha mankhwala a apulo ndiko kuteteza matenda ndi kuwononga opulumuka m'nyengo yozizira, komabe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sitikutha. Pamaso pa kutupa kwa impso, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumachitika ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, ndiko kuti, fungicides apadera ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Musanayambe kulandira chithandizo, m'pofunikira kudula korona, kuyeretsa thunthu ku makungwa akale ndi akufa, komanso kuyeretsa malo owonongeka ndikuchotsani masamba otsala kuyambira chaka chatha. 
Mukudziwa? Pogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ndikofunikira kwambiri kuganizira makhalidwe a moyo wa mtengo; Kodi nyengo yomwe ikukula mu mtengo wa apulo ndi yotani makamaka (kuchokera pachiyambi cha mphukira imatha mpaka kugwa kwa masamba). Musagwire nawo ntchito mutatha maluwa, chifukwa maapulo ayamba kucha.Gawo lachiwiri limayamba kumayambiriro kwa nyengo ya kukula m'mapulo, ndiko kuti, pamene masamba ayambira pachimake, koma mitengo ya apulo siidakwera (kuyambira kumapeto kwa March mpaka pakati pa April). Pachifukwa ichi, cholinga cha chithandizo chomwe chidzachitidwe ndicho kuwonongeka kwa nsabwe za m'masamba, nkhupakupa, apulo tsvetoid, scythora, nkhumba, ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timadzuka pambuyo pochita dzuŵa.
Kuwonjezera apo, kukonza maapulo nthawiyi kudzakuthandizani kuchotsa nkhanambo ndi zowola zipatso, vuto lomwe ndilofunikira kwambiri m'chaka. Copper sulphate yankho, Bordeaux madzi, colloidal sulfuri ndi "Lepidocid" (matumbo omwe amathandiza kuchepetsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda) amatha kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa. Ndipo potsiriza, gawo lachitatu, lachitali la kukonzanso mitengo ya apulo m'chaka chikutanthauza kuchitika kwa chochitikachi mwamsanga mutatha mitengo. Kusankha mankhwala abwino, mungathe kuchotsa njenjete, njenjete, nsabwe za m'masamba, moths, nkhupakupa ndi zitsamba. Komanso kupopera mankhwala kumathandiza kuthetsa matenda omwe anawoneka bwino. Pamene maluwa a apulo amatha, kupopera mbewu kwa gawo lachiwiri kungathe kubwerezedwa.
Ndikofunikira! Chifukwa chakuti nthawi ya maluwa a apulo, palibe mankhwala omwe angapangidwe, ino ndi nthawi yabwino yoyeretsa namsongole omwe amawonekera pamtengo.
Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito apulo mutatha maluwa
Gawo lomaliza la kupopera kwa mitengo ya apulo limagawidwa m'magawo awiri: yoyamba - mwamsanga pamitengo ya maluwa, ndipo yachiwiri - masabata atatu mutatha kuchiza. Kwa aliyense wa iwo, amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala awo omwe tidzakambirana m'munsimu.
Ndalama zotchuka kwambiri pa nthawi yoyamba
Pambuyo pa maluwa, korona wa mitengo ikhoza kupopedwa ndi nthaka sulphate (ingathandize kupewa chitukuko cha rosette), komanso mankhwala ena, omwe ali ndi sulfure ndi mkuwa - amateteza zomera ku dzimbiri. Kuchotsa nkhanambo (matenda omwe amawonekera pa masamba, mapesi, maluwa ndi petioles), kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi Bordeaux osakaniza, mkuwa sulfate, polycarbacin (muyeso wa 4 g pa madzi okwanira 1 litre) kapena polykhom amathandiza bwino.
Kusamalira mtengo wa apulo m'chaka, makamaka makamaka, kupopera mankhwala pambuyo pa maluwa, ukhoza kuchitidwa pogwiritsa ntchito fungicidal kukonzekera, sodium phosphate (10 g pa 1 l madzi) kapena kukonzekera "Skor" (kuchepetsedwa malinga ndi malangizo omwe atsekedwa). Pofuna kulimbana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba ndi kuyamwa panthawiyi, shag kapena fodya wa fodya pa mlingo wa 400 g pa 10 malita a madzi ndi abwino, pambuyo pake pangopangidwe kawiri kawiri ndi 40 g sopo. Chifukwa cha kulowetsedwa ndi kofunika kuti utenge zomera zonse.
Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, mavitamini opangidwa ndi decoction ya masamba a phwetekere, chitsamba chowawa, dandelion, mbatata ndi yarrow angagwiritsidwe ntchito pochizira maapulo kuchokera ku tizirombo pambuyo pa maluwa.
Mukudziwa? Apple mitengo, mapeyala, yamatcheri, yamatcheri ndi mitengo ina ya zipatso amafunika kutentha kutentha, chifukwa popanda izi, maluwa sangathe kukula bwino. Ngakhalenso zina mwa izo zikuphuka, zipatso sizikhalabe zokoma ngati zomera zomwe zakhala zikutha.
Momwe mungachitire mtengo wa apulo kuchokera ku tizirombo mu masabata 2-3 mutatha maluwa
Amaluwa ena amatha kupanga munda ndi urea ndi mkuwa sulphate osati kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, koma pambuyo pa maluwa apulo. Koma ngati nthawi ya mchere sulphate ili yabwino kwambiri, ndiye bwino kugwiritsa ntchito urea nthawi yomweyo mitengo itadzuka. Chida chilichonse chili ndi nthawi yake, chifukwa zotsatira zake zimadalira osati zokhazokha, komanso nthawi yopopera mbewu. Mwachitsanzo, pamene mukuganiza kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa apulo kachiwiri pambuyo pa maluwa (masabata awiri pambuyo pa chithandizo cham'mbuyo), ndiye kuti mukufunika zotsatirazi. 
"Benzophosphate" - Amatumbo otchuka amtundu wa tizilombo. Ndizabwino kuyang'anira tizirombo timene timadya ndi kuyamwa. Pa nthawi yomweyi, kukonzekera bwino sikusokoneza njuchi ndi mphutsi za chopukusira. Mankhwalawa akukonzekera pa mlingo wa 70 g wa mankhwala 10% ndi malita 10 a madzi, kenako mankhwalawa amatenga zotsatira zake kwa masiku 15.
Ndikofunikira! "Benzophosphate" sangagwiritsidwe ntchito kawiri pa nyengo."Malathion" - Tizilombo tina odziŵika bwino omwe amathetseratu nthata, nkhono, nsabwe za m'masamba, zamatsenga, njenjete ndi njenjete. Pa nthawi yomweyi, mankhwalawa ndi owopsa kwa njuchi, zomwe sitinganyalanyaze ngati pali njuchi pamalowa. Kukonzekera kumakonzedwa pa mlingo wa 60 g wa mankhwala pa 10 malita a madzi. Pogwiritsa ntchito mitengo ya apulo yaing'ono, mpaka malita awiri a zitsulo ayenera kugwera pamtengo umodzi, pamene kupopera mbewu yazomera wamkulu kumafuna malita 10 a zolembedwa.
Chlorofos njira - Njira zina zamatumbo zomwe zimatulutsa m'mimba. Sizothandiza kwambiri polimbana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba kapena tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, koma ndizoopsa kwambiri kwa mphutsi komanso akuluakulu a udzudzu, ntchentche, mitundu ina ya mbozi ndi nkhupakupa. Zotsatira za mankhwalawa zimatenga masiku khumi. Kuchulukitsa kuchepetsa: 70 g ya mankhwala 10 malita a madzi. Komanso m'pofunika kukumbukira kuti n'kosatheka kuwonjezera Bordeaux madzi mu "Chlorofos".
Palinso mankhwala ambiri ofanana, koma musanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito, onetsetsani kuti mukuwerenga malangizowa ndikuwonekerani kuti ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa.
Momwe mungaperekere apulo mutatha maluwa
Kaya mutenga mankhwala apulo Bordeaux madzi, urea, kapena kupeza njira zowonjezera kuti muchotse mitengo kuchokera ku tizirombo m'chaka, mulimonsemo, muyenera kudziwa momwe mungaperekere. Choyamba, konzekerani madzi osankhidwa (omwe asungunuka kale m'madzi), makina opangira njira (pump) ndi zipangizo zoyenera kuteteza (maski, magolovesi ndi mapiritsi).
Ziri zosavuta kuti utulutse apulo ya mthunzi: zonse zomwe mukufunikira kuti mutero ndizomwe mukupita kuzungulira mmerawu kangapo ndipo mumatulutsa fungicide pamwamba pake. Palibe chifukwa choyang'ana makwerero ndikutuluka kuti mukafike ku nthambi zosavuta.
Koma mitengo ya apulo yaing'ono, ndiye chinthu china chovuta kwambiri. Ndikofunika kupopera mankhwalawo pamtunda wonsewo, kuyambira pa thunthu ndi kutha kumtunda kwambiri (yesetsani kuphonya nthambi imodzi).
Ndikofunikira! Kuganizira kwambiri njira yothetsera vutoli kungapweteke kwambiri achinyamata, ndipo kutentha kwa mankhwala kumawoneka pamphuno wochepa kwambiri.Pofuna kupewa zotsatira zoterezi, yesetsani kuyesera kakang'ono: sankhani chomera chimodzi ndikugwiritsira ntchito osakaniza osakaniza ku nthambi yake (imodzi yokha!). Ndiye dikirani masiku angapo (masiku 2-3) ndi kuyang'anitsitsa. Ngati mbewuyo ikuwoneka yathanzi ndipo palibe malo achilendo pamalo opangidwira, zikutanthauza kuti mukhoza kupopera bwinobwino mbeu zomwe zili m'munda.
Ngati mtengo wakale wa apulo utasankhidwa kuti uyesedwe, ndiye kuti potsirizira pake mudzalandira zotsatira ziwiri zomwe zingatheke: kaya gawo lowonongeka la zomera silingathe kubwezeretsa, kapena mankhwalawa sangathe kuvulaza mtengo waukulu wounikira (koma udzawononga zomera zonse zazing'ono, zomwe zimagwa masiku angapo).
Kotero, mwaphunzira kupopera mitengo ya apulo m'chaka ndi zomwe muyenera kuchita izi, tsopano zimangokhala kuti zipeze njira zofunikira ndikufika kuntchito (ngati, ndithudi, nthawi ya chaka imalola).
Komabe, zirizonse zomwe mungasankhe m'chaka kuti mupulumule mitengo yanu ya apulo, mulimonsemo, musaiwale za cholinga chomwe chachitidwa. Ngati zomera zikuwonetsa zizindikiro zooneka bwino za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena matenda, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kumakhala koyenera, koma ngati palibe zizindikiro za nsabwe za m'masamba, masamba a masamba kapena alendo ena omwe sali ovomerezeka akayendera, zimathabe kuchita popanda kuthana ndi mitengo ya apulo m'chaka. tizirombo. Komabe, musayiwale za kupewa, chifukwa ndi iye amene angakupulumutseni ku chiwopsezo cha tizilombo towononga, ndikupanga zinthu zabwino kwambiri kuti tipeze mitengo ya apulo m'munda.
