Mtundu wa mbewu yamkaka (kuchokera ku Lat. Centaurea) umakhala ndi mitundu yoposa 730 ya zomera zotchedwa herbaceous za banja Asteraceae. Dzinali adamupatsa ndi Carl Linney, pogwiritsa ntchito centaur. Mu nthano zakale zachi Greek, duwa lomweli limagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Chiron ngati mankhwala oletsa kupha mphamvu ya Lernean hydra. Malinga ndi lingaliro lina, dzina ladzikoli linayamba kudziwika kuyambira nthawi ya dokotala wotchuka - Hippocrates ndipo limatanthawuza "kubaya ng'ombe" potanthauzira.
Kufotokozera kwa Mchimaso
Ichi ndi chomera choyenda chokhala ndi mizu ya fibrous, cholimba kapena chopanda komanso chokhala ndi nthambi yolimba, yokutidwa ndi tsitsi lolimba mpaka kutalika kwa masentimita 120. Masamba amatha kusiyanasiyana mkati mwa tsinde lomwelo: pamwamba pa mphukira, yonse, yopapatiza komanso yayitali, kuchokera pansi ndi lobes, pang'ono zokulirapo.
Nsonga za tsinde zimakhazikitsidwa korona ndi maluwa omwe amatengedwa mu mabasiketi a inflorescence omwe amawonekera mu June, chomera chimamasula mpaka Okutobala. Kuphatikizika kwa inflorescence kumaphatikizapo maluwa enieni a tubular okhala ndi ma pisitili ndi stamens, komanso zabodza, bango, m'mphepete mwa mtanga. Amatha kukhala osavuta komanso opanda terry. Zojambula utoto, burgundy, buluu, cyan, chikasu, pinki, mitundu yoyera. Mphukira imakopeka bwino ndi tizilombo toyambitsa mungu.
Mitundu yamafuta
| Onani | Kufotokozera / Kutalika (cm) | Masamba | Maluwa |
| Buluu | Tsinde ndi lolunjika, nthambi. Chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri zam'mera. 20-80. | Zosiyana: zotsika ndi petiole, zapamwamba zopanda petiole chonse-marginal. | Wophatikizidwa mu inflorescence - mabasiketi. Mitunduyi ndi yamtambo komanso yamtambo. |
| Choyera | Osayamba. Kutetezedwa. Mpaka 30. | Woonda, wamtali, wapansi. | Terry. Mabasiketi a 4 cm. |
| Phiri | Chomera cholondola. 70. | Olimba, lanceolate, wobiriwira wautsi. | Kukula kwa masentimita 7-8. Maluwa apakati a tubular ndi lilac kapena pinki yowala. Pafupipafupi - wabuluu kapena wabala. |
| Wachikasu | Osayamba. Wokhala nthambi yolimba. Mpaka 100. | Lanceolate. | Chikasu, masentimita 5 mulifupi. |
| Wopanda mutu | Osatha ndi tsinde lophuka. Kufikira 120. | Akali, lanceolate, dissect. | Golide, 7 cm mulifupi. Cholandiracho chimakhala ndi masikelo ang'ono |
| Kummawa | Zosatha. 80 - 120. | Ndi petiole, cirrus - olekanitsidwa. | Ndi cholandilira cholimba yokutidwa ndi mamba akulu. Wachikasu. |
| Lugovoi | Osatha ndi chifuwa cholimba. Chomera chonse chimakutidwa ndi sillic yaying'ono villi. 80. | Pansi ndi petiole. Pamwamba popanda iyo, lanceolate. Dongosolo lina pa tsinde. | Maluwa abodza ndiakulu. Mauve pinki. |
| Munda | Pachaka 50. | Yopyapyala komanso yayitali, lanceolate, yobiriwira. Ndi m'mphepete yolimba pamwamba pa mbewu, lobed pansi. | Mithunzi ya cyan ndi buluu. |
| Zoyeretsedwa | Osatha ndi nthambi zimayambira. Mpaka 60. | Ochepa apansi, olekanitsidwa, okhala ndi zoyera, pamwamba pamtunda wobiriwira, wopendekera ndi malire | Magenta abodza, tubular - yoyera kapena yotuwa yapinki |
| Kumwaza | Kufalitsa zamera zam'mera. Tsitsi limapatsa imvi. 20-50. | Wokwera ndi tsamba limodzi lamasamba, apakati samatulutsa, am'munsi amatayika kawiri. | Ang'ono, mpaka 5mm m'mimba mwake. Wapinki, wofiirira wopepuka, woyera. |
| Pinki | Wosakhazikika, wowongoka, phesi lamphamvu. Mpaka 100. | Lanceolate, wobiriwira pang'ono pang'ono. | Wapinki, 5 cm. |
Maluwa m'munda
Amakonzekereratu kuti ikamatera, mtunda pakati pa mbewu zosachepera 25 cm ndi malo owotcha dzuwa. Dziko lapansi likufunika chonde, chosalowerera mu acidity. Pa dothi lolemera laimu, duwa limawonetsa kukongola kwamitundu. Kutsirira ndizochepa, sikololera kuthirira kwamadzi.
Akaphatikiza ndi maluwa ena, mpendadzuwa amabzalidwa kutsogolo kuti kuwala kwa dzuwa kuyatsegulire masamba.
Kubzala ndi kuswana njira
Malipu amabzalidwe bwino ndi mbeu nthawi yomweyo pokonzekera mpaka akufika masentimita 2-3. Kumera mu mbewu kumapitilira kwa zaka zitatu. Mphukira zimawonekera pa 15. Ngati zofesedwa mu kugwa, ndiye kuti chaka chamawa maluwa adzayamba kumayambiriro.
Anthu ena amakonda kulima mbande. Ndiye kufesa ndi bwino kuchitira muli ziwiya za peat, kuti, osachotsa mbewu, zobzalidwa m'nthaka, chifukwa mizu yaying'ono ili yofooka, yosavuta kuwonongeka.
Nthochi zimafalitsidwanso ndi ma rhizomes. Pambuyo maluwa, mizu yanyengoyi imagawidwa m'magawo kuti akhale ndi masamba atatu aliwonse. Mukangogawa, tchire zibzalidwa.
Kusamalira komanso kukula
Chomera chimakhala chovutirapo. Anamasula lapansi, kuthirira pang'ono, kusakhalapo kwa maudzu - zonse zofunika, komanso kwa nthawi yayitali maluwa - kuchotsa mabasiketi omwe anazimiririka. Mpunga wa mphero umakonda kudwala komanso suthana ndi tizirombo.
Mr. Chilimwe wokhala anati: kugwiritsa ntchito chimanga
Duwa limadziwika ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala.
Mu wowerengeka, ndibwino kuti mumakhala mkodzo komanso choleretic pakuchotsa kwamikodzo, mumathandizira kutsokomola, matenda ammimba, amachepetsa chifuwa, komanso imakhala yothandiza pamanjenje. Amagwira matenda omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi mawonekedwe amchere ndi khungu, rheumatism, gout.
Mu gynecology, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutulutsa kusamba, kuwonjezera mkaka wa msambo.
Mu cosmetology, ndi yoyenera pakhungu louma, kupindika ma pores omwe mukulitsa, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito kulowetsedwa kwamaluwa ndikutupa kwa eyel.
