The herbaceous perennial cimicifuga kapena wakuda cohosh racemose akhala akulima kuyambira m'ma 1800. Kunyumba, ku North America, zida zake zotsutsana ndi kutupa ndi kuchiritsa kwa azimayi zadziwika kuyambira nthawi zakale. Mu pharmacology yamakono, zitsamba za zitsamba zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zakudya zowonjezera zakudya. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza matenda azitsamba.
Lachiwiri, losakongola dzina lidaperekedwa chifukwa m'mbuyomu masamba amzungu adagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala opha tizilombo, zomwe amati fungo lake losasangalatsa limathamangitsa nsikidzi. Nthano imeneyi pambuyo pake idawonongedwa.
Kufotokozera
Black cohosh ndi chomera chanthete; nthawi yamaluwa, chimatha kufika 2,5 metres. Choyendayenda mumtunduwo chimawonetsera gawo loyambika, lomwe limakupatsani mwayi kuti mulimbane ndi mphepo yamkuntho popanda kuwonongeka. Muzu wochiritsa umakhala wopanda thupi, mphukira yosalala yochokera pamenepo, wophatikizidwa ndi masamba a mawonekedwe owoneka bwino a buluu wokhuthala. Masamba apansi, omwe amakhala pansi pamunsi pa peduncle, amakhala aatali komanso osiyanasiyana, pa petioles osiyana, omwe amapanga magawo awiri kapena atatu. Makonzedwe a maapulo ndiosinthika, aliyense wa iwo amatha kufikira masentimita 12, chiwerengero chonse pazomera chimafikira 70, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tsimitsifugu ikhale yabwino komanso yokongola.
Nthawi yamaluwa imakhala chilimwe chonse. Kumapeto kwa masika, burashi (inflorescence) yamaonekedwe osiririka, mpaka mita, imapangidwa pa tsinde. Pambuyo pake, maluwa amawoneka, odziwika ndi fungo losasangalatsa lomwe limakopa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Maluwa oyera fluffy. Zisindikizo zokhala ndi zidutswa zinayi msanga zimasokonekera, ndikusiya ma stamens angapo a kirimu wowuma. Phale lokha ili yaying'ono mpaka masentimita 0,3. Pestle yokhala ndi kusalala kwakukulu imangotulutsa ovary imodzi yokha.
Chosangalatsa kwambiri ndi chipatsocho, bokosi lakufika mpaka 10 cm lili ndi pafupifupi 7-10 mbewu. M'nyengo yozizira, nyengo ikakhala kuti imawomba, mbewuyo imapanga mawu ogwirizana ndi thumbo, chifukwa chake dzina la Chingerezi la udzu limamasuliridwa kuti "Udzu wa Rattlesnake".
Chomera chimakhala m'malo otsetsereka a mitsinje, m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, tchire, madera onyowa.
Mitundu ndi mitundu yakuda ya cohosh yokhala ndi zithunzi zokhala ndi mayina
Kuphatikiza pa mankhwala, mankhwala a tsimitsifuga ali ndi machitidwe okongoletsa kwambiri. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi opanga mapangidwe a malo ndi okhala chilimwe. Masiku ano, mitundu yosachepera 15 ya mbewu imadziwika yomwe imasiyana mu tchire kukula, kutalika ndi mithunzi ya maluwa.
Zamoyo zamtchire:
Onanimaluwa, kutalika | Kufotokozera, kutalika, nthawi yamaluwa | Masamba | Maluwa |
| Daurian | Osapitilira mita. Julayi mpaka Ogasiti | Tsinde limapangidwa pang'onopang'ono. | Pang'ono pang'ono pinki. |
| Racemose | Pafupifupi 2 m. Chilimwe chonse. | Chitsamba chachikulu pansi ndi mainchesi mpaka 60. Masamba ndi zimayambira za utoto wobiriwira. | Duwa loyera lokhala ndi zonona. |
| Zosavuta | Mpaka 1 m Ogasiti-Seputembala. | Mtundu wa masamba ndi tsinde ndi wachikale, wobiriwira. | Inflorescence akuwonekera ndi miyala yoyera. |
| Wonunkhira | Kutalika, mpaka 2 m. | Masamba obiriwira amdima, masamba a pubescent ndi peduncle. | Choyera. |
Obzala adabzala mitundu yatsopano yazomera, mitundu ina yolimidwa ndikupanga mitundu yotchuka kutengera iyo.
Mtundu, nyengo yamaluwa, kutalika | Zosiyanasiyana | Masamba | Maluwa |
Nthambi. Mu Seputembala - Okutobala. Mpaka 2 m | Atropurpurea | M'dzinja loyambirira, masamba ofiira, kenako obiriwira. | Choyera. |
| James compton | Mitundu yatsopano yokhala ndi masamba ofiirira. | Choyera. | |
Frau nsonga Zosalala zimakhala mpaka 0,4 m kutalika. | Mtundu wobiriwira wakuda. | ||
| Chipika chofiyira | Mapesi ndi masamba a beetroot hue. | Zoyera ndi zapinki. | |
| Zosavuta. Ogasiti - Seputembala. | Armleuchter | Modzi wokhala ndi nthambi zamtundu wobiriwira. | Choyera |
Brunette Wamtali, tsinde 1.8 m. | Masamba akuluakulu osemedwa amakhala ndi mtundu wofiirira. | Mitengo yoyera yokhala ndi mapapo amtambo wofiirira. | |
| Braunland | Masamba ndi zimayambira ndi zofiirira. | Choyera ngati chipale | |
| Osakhala | Maluwa pang'ono. Peduncle zopindika pang'ono. Tsitsi lofiirira lakuda. | ||
| Hillide wakuda Kukongola | Mtundu wonyezimira wamtambo wobiriwira, wokhala ndi mizere yoyimirira. | ||
| Ngale yoyera | Masamba obiriwira opepuka ndi zimayambira. Osakonda maluwa. | Makulu oyera obiriwira oyera. | |
| Zachikondi. Mu Julayi - Ogasiti. Mpaka 1.5 m. | Osatulutsa | Tsinde ndi lozungulira, lamtundu wowala, mapepala okhala ngati mtima, osema. | Zoyera. |
Chijapani Mpaka 2 m | Chidikha | Masamba obiriwira obiriwira ndi zimayambira. | Siliva kapena zonona. |
| Compacta | Zoyendera mpaka 0,6 m. | Maluwa akulu mpaka 2 cm. | |
| European. | Osatulutsa | Masamba ndi mphukira ndi wobiriwira wopepuka; peduncle adakutidwa ndi imvi. | Duwa limakhala loyera ndi angapo stamens pamiyendo yayitali. |
Okonza malo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito cohosh yakuda kuphatikiza ndi mbewu zina, imakwaniritsa bwino mawonekedwe aliwonse, imayamba msanga. Mitundu yayitali nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mipanda komanso ngati maziko oyimilira. Mukamapanga zitsamba za Alpine, zosavuta kwambiri ndi mitundu yotsika. Tsamba lokongola la chitsamba palokha limatha kukhala chokongoletsa m'mundamo, kuphatikiza mitundu ya zipatso (Elstead) ndi letesi (European) kumawoneka modabwitsa. Kongoletsani ndi mbewu ndi maiwe. Mukabzala pafupi ndi dziwe, mapangidwe a mosses ndi mbewu zina zoyala bwino zimakwanira bwino.
Kubzala wakuda kwa cohosh m'nthaka
Kukongola kwa tsimitsifuga sikuwonetsa mayina ake, ndi Ajeremani okha omwe adatha kufotokoza zokongoletsera za chomera, ndikuchitcha "makandulo asiliva". Akulani poyera. Chikhalidwe chosaumirira sichifunikira chisamaliro chapadera, sichichita mantha ndi mthunzi komanso chinyezi.
Kubzala pansi pamitengo ndikosayenera, pakhale malo okwanira opanda chitsamba. Mukamasankha malo ogona maluwa, samalani ndi malo omwe amatetezedwa ndi mphepo. Ichi ndichifukwa kutalika kwa peduncle m'mitundu yambiri, ndikamphamvu mwamphamvu, mphukira imatha kuthyoka.
Nthawi yabwino kubzala ndi masika ndi yophukira. Dothi lakuda bioh liyenera kumezedwa. Kumbani dzenje lakuya osapitirira 30 cm, ndikufalitsa organic pansi, kenako chodzala chitsamba. Ndikofunika kuyang'anira chinyezi chachikulu, mbewuyo siikhala yowuma ndipo ikhoza kufa. Masamba otambalala kumapeto kwa chitsamba amasokonezana pakubzala kwapafupi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti pakhale patali pafupifupi masentimita 60. Maudzu oyipa a udzu amadziwika, chifukwa chake ayenera kusamba m'manja atatha kulumikizana nawo.
Kuika kwa tsimitsifuge sikofunikira; kumamveka bwino m'malo amodzi mpaka zaka 20.
Chisamaliro chakuda
Chikhalidwe chosaumirira chimasangalatsa wamaluwa:
- Kusungabe dothi lonyowa bwino si vuto. M'masiku otentha ndi owuma, kutsirira kumakhala pafupipafupi, kumapeto kwa nyengo, mu Okutobala - amachepetsedwa.
- Black cohosh tikulimbikitsidwa kuphimba pansi pamizu ndi masamba osiyanasiyana, izi zimathandiza kuti nthaka ikhale yonyowa komanso imalepheretsa kuti maudzu asamawonekere.
- Ngati palibe cholinga chotola mbewu, ndiye kuti inflorescence zouma ziyenera kudulidwa.
- Mitundu yokhala ndi ma peduncle apamwamba amalimbikitsidwa kuti amangidwe. Wamaluwa amagwiritsa ntchito zikhomo zaudongo, zopyapyala zomwe sizioneka m'mbali zonse.
- Kukonzekera nthawi yachisanu kumayamba ndi kudula zimayambira. Kenako malowo amakutidwa ndi singano wosalala kapena masamba okugwa.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Nthaka yothiriridwa bwino ndi yomwe mbewu yamtunduwu imafunikira. Mukabzala mdzenje, kompositi ndi mchenga zimayendetsedwa mu 7: 3. Panyengo, chomera chakuda chimayenera kubwezeretsedwanso kamodzi ndikuchichita zaka 3 mutabzala; m'mbuyomu, chomera sichifunikira thandizo.
Feteleza amatumizidwa kumayambiriro kasupe. Nyimbo zovuta zomwe zimakhala ndi nitrogen, potaziyamu ndi phosphorous ndizabwino kwambiri.
Kuswana
Pali njira zitatu zomwe tsimitsifugu imaberekera: kufesa mbewu, kudula, kugawa chitsamba. Njira iliyonse imakhala ndi zake, koma zotsatira zake zimakhala zabwino nthawi zonse chifukwa chakuti mtunduwu uli pafupi ndi namsongole kuposa mbewu zomwe zidakulidwa.
Njira yosavuta kwambiri yotchedwa kugawanika. Chapakatikati, amakumba chitsamba chomwe chili ndi zaka 6. Mphukira imasiyanitsidwa mosamala ndi chomera chachikulu, chomwe chimachokera pazinthu zake. Mphukira imayikidwa mu chidebe ndi chowonjezera chowonjezera ndipo patapita kanthawi imasamutsidwa mumphika wokhala ndi dothi lapadziko lonse. Mmera umakhala wotentha mpaka itayamba kukula. Kenako amadzichotsera kumalo osungirako maluwa.
Kudula ndikosavuta. Tsamba lam'munsi limatengedwa kuchokera ku chomera cha mayi, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale kachidutswa kakang'ono ka makungwa akuluakulu. Mphukirayo imakokedwa ndi dothi pamalo opukutika bwino komanso yokutidwa ndi botolo la pulasitiki.
Kufesa zakuda kumafuna kudziwa zambiri. Mbewu ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mutangotola, kumera kudzakhala bwino. Ngati asiyidwa nyengo yatha, amakonzekera miyezi 6 asanadzale:
- Miyezi itatu akusungidwa kutentha kwa +20 ° C;
- Nthawi yonseyi pa +4 ° C.
Mosasamala malo, malo otseguka kapena maluwa, mphukira zoyambirira sizingayembekezedwe kuposa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi pambuyo pake. Mukabzala, simukufunika kuti muchepetse nthaka kwambiri, mbewu zimatha kuvunda. Kukula mwachinyamata mwanjira imeneyi kumaphuka koyamba kwa zaka zitatu.
Matenda
Chomera chamasamba m'chilengedwe komanso m'mundamo chikadalipo. Kutetemera kwakukulu kwa tsimitsifugi kumapangitsa chikhalidwecho kukhala chovuta. Koma nthawi zina amatha kudwala.
Tizirombo tomwe timayambitsa chitsamba timachotsedwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Mankhwala amtundu wanji omwe angatengedwe kupita nawo m'sitolo, kuyambira mtundu wa majeremusi.
Matenda a mizu amachitika ndi chinyezi chambiri m'nthaka. Potere, chotsani masamba oteteza mizu, ndikuchepetsa kuthirira.
A Dachnik akuvomereza: machiritso a tsimitsifugi
Kuyambira kale, nthangala za mbewuzi zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake kumakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino kwambiri pochepetsa ululu wa antchito ndipo, ngati kuli kotheka, kusintha mkombero mwa akazi.
Masiku ano, matenda owonjezereka omwe amathandizidwa ndi cimicifuga ndiwofalikira, zopindulitsa zimaphunziridwa mwakuzama. Ku China, zitsamba zimatchulidwa ngati anti-yotupa, kuti muchepetse kupweteka kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndikuchepetsa kutentha. Wodziwika antitussive ndi antirheumatoid zimatha mizu ya mbewu. Lemberani mankhwalawa komanso matenda ashuga, matenda a impso, odwala omwe ali ndi mantha osokoneza bongo amamuwuza kuti azingokhala. Pankhani ya mankhwala a mahomoni, mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti achulukitse mitundu ya estrojeni komanso kuti apange mphamvu.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala akuda monga mankhwala, muyenera kukumbukira kuti zimayambira ndi masamba ake ndi poizoni. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amaphatikiza zochotseka zomera ndizovomerezeka pokhapokha ngati madokotala akupita ndipo akuwayang'anirani mwamphamvu. Pali zolakwika zingapo zomwe muyenera kudziwa:
- kudziwa zigawo zikuluzikulu kapena sayanjana;
- mimba ndi kuyamwa nthawi:
- zotupa za chilengedwe zosiyanasiyana ndi kudalira mwachindunji zomwe zili estrogen;
- matenda a chiwindi.
Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala omwe amachokera ku tsimitsifugi: zamadzimadzi ndi zowuma, ma ufa, mapiritsi, mapiritsi.
Kudzilamulira wekha wa mankhwala othandizira odwala ndizoletsedwa. Kufunsira kuchipatala kumafunika.
Milandu ya bongo ndi zotsatira zoyipa zimadziwika. Kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa kumadzaza ndi mutu komanso nseru. Pali kuwonjezeka kwa kulemera kwa thupi kwa odwala omwe amamwa mankhwalawa mosalekeza. Thupi lawo siligwirizana komanso kusokonezeka kwa m'mimba thirakiti limakhala pafupipafupi.
