Digitalis ndi mbadwa zachikale ku North Africa ndi West Asia. Chomera chimatchedwa ndi dzina la mtundu wa maluwa omwe ali ofanana mwachidule ndi thimble, pomwe mu botany ndimakonda kuti amazitcha digito. Pali mitundu 35 ya mbewu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira zokongoletsera, popanga mawonekedwe. Nthawi zambiri imakulidwa ndi wamaluwa monga mtundu wapachaka. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala, koma mwakuya kwambiri mumakhala poizoni komanso owopsa.
Ndikofunika kulabadira izi podzala, makamaka ngati kukhalapo kwa ana kuli kotheka m'mundamo.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a digitis
Zomera za herbaceous zimadziwika chifukwa cha kukhwima kwake, zimakula mpaka 1.5m kutalika. Zosatha zimakhala zopanda njira zina, pomwe masamba a petiole, makamaka ozungulira, amaphatikizidwa mu rosette. Masamba amtundu wakuda wobiriwira amakhala ndi mpumulo, amakula mpaka 30 cm, ndipo mulifupi 10 cm. Mbali yamthunziyo imakutidwa ndi mulu, tsamba limakhala lonyezimira komanso lotuwa pamwamba. M'mawonekedwe, digito imafanana ndi shrub. Mwachilengedwe, digito imatha kupezeka m'nkhalango, m'mapiri ndi m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, pakati pa zitsamba zina.
M'chilimwe cha digitalis, inflorescence yamitundu yambiri imawoneka ngati bulashi, yopangidwa ndi maluwa owoneka ngati belu.
Mithunzi imayambira kufiyira mpaka kuyera, ndipo chikasu chimapezekanso. Nthawi zina pharynx imakongoletsedwa ndi zidutswa. Mbeu zing'onozing'ono zimacha pambuyo pa kuphulika. Chomera chimodzi chimabweretsa mbewu pafupifupi 2 miliyoni, ndipo kumera kwake kumatenga zaka zitatu.
Zofiirira, kurpnotsvetkovaya ndi mitundu ina ndi mitundu ya digitis
Ngakhale mitundu ya digitis imasiyana, mitundu inayi yokha ndi yomwe ili yofalikira pakati.
Dzimbiri
Mtunduwu umatalika masentimita 120 ndipo umakutidwa ndi masamba owala. Makulidwe ake ochulukirapo kuyambira mabelu amakula mpaka 15 cm kutalika ndikupanga mawonekedwe ofanana pafupi m'mphepete. Kapu imawoneka ngati maluwa, nthawi zambiri osaposa masentimita 4. Maluwa amapezeka m'miyezi yachilimwe. Mitundu yachikasu imakhala ndi mtundu wa pinki, ndipo pharynx ndimtundu wagolide mkati. Lingaliro limayang'aniridwa kwambiri chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake okongoletsa.
Bulu (wofiirira)
Chomera cha biennial chimayimiridwa ndi zimayambira zowoneka bwino, osapitirira 1.5 m.Makhala masamba am'munsi mwa tsamba. Kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, inflorescence mu mawonekedwe a burashi nthawi zambiri imaphukira, siyofanana, kupangidwa ndi maluwa osapitirira 13 cm aliyense. Mitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana imakhala ndi madontho akuda. Mtunduwu udachokera ku Western Europe, pomwe mbewuyo imalimidwa mwachangu. Pali mitundu yambiri, monga: mawanga, lalikulu-maluwa ndi gloxinidae.
Inflorescence amapezeka onse unilateral ndi piramidi. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri:
- Alba Ziphuphu ndizoyera, zitha kuphimbidwa ndi madontho amdima.
- Mirabelle. Ma inflorescence ali ndi multiflowered, pinki shades.
- Excelsior. Mtengowu umatalika mpaka mamita 1.8. Sizofunikira kudziwa kuti maluwa ake amakhala ozungulira.
- Peloric. Maluwa a mitundu iyi ndi akulu kwambiri pakati pa mitundu yonse, yomwe imakhala pamtunda wotalika mpaka 1,8 m.
Zachikulu zazikulu
Imakula mpaka mamita 1.2, ndipo imafanana ndi chitsamba pakuwoneka. Zomwe zimayambira zimakhala ndi chivundikiro cholimba. Ma shitiwo amawakweza mpaka m'mphepete lakuthwa, amakula mpaka 25 cm kutalika mpaka 7 cm mulifupi.
Mu Juni, mutha kuwona burashi yotseguka pamwamba pa tsinde, idakulungidwa ndi maluwa yaying'ono. Zimakhala zakutchire pamaso achikasu, kunja kwake kumakutidwa ndi kupindika. Corolla mpaka m'mphepete imagawidwa m'miyala 5. Imapezeka ku Western Europe, Russia ndi Ukraine.
Waubweya
Tizilombo tating'ono tating'ono timakula mpaka 80cm. Maluwa ang'onoang'ono, poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina. Masamba obiriwira amawunjikana mu dothi lokwanira wotsika pamwamba panthaka. Kumbali yamtambo iwo amakhala m'malire ndi cilia. Pakati pa chilimwe, bulashi yophimbidwa ndi makapu awiri okhala ndi milomo iwiri imatsegulidwa, nthawi zambiri imafanana ndi piramidi. Duwa limakhala loyera, ndipo likamachoka m'mphepete, limakutidwa ndi mawonekedwe a bulauni omwe amapangidwa ndi mitsempha. Mwa mitundu yambiri ndi ma hybrids, zotsatirazi ndizodziwika bwino:
- Tapsi. Mabelu aku burashi ndi akulu, apinki ndi kapezi;
- Merton. Chomera choyambirira, chomwe chimatha kuonedwa kale kumapeto kwa maluwa, maluwa amakhala ndi mtundu wa pinki.
Limamasula mu Julayi, ndipo kutalika kwa maluwa sikupitilira miyezi iwiri. Ili ndi mankhwala. Zimapezeka mu vivo makamaka ku Moldova.
Kukula kwa Digitalis kuchokera ku Mbewu
Njira yosavuta, yomwe imaphatikizapo magawo angapo, ndi yotsika pakufalikira kwam'madzi pang'onopang'ono.
Kubzala mbande
Kubzala mbewu kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa kasupe ndipo zikuphatikizanso izi:
- Kuthirira m'madzi, omwe amafunika kusintha m'malo aliwonse a 6, pomwe nthawi yonse yovundula sayenera kupitilira sabata 1;
- Kubalalitsa mbewu panthaka yokonzedwa;
- Finyani ndi mchenga pang'ono;
- Kuwaza ndi chowonjezera chowonjezera;
- Kuphimba chidebe ndi polyethylene kapena galasi;
Pambuyo pake ayenera kuti adzasiyidwa kwa masabata awiri m'malo oyera, ofunda.
Kukula mbande
Mu digitalis, mbande zoyambirira zimawonekera mochedwa, mutapangidwa masamba awiri awiri, ndikofunikira kuthira mbewu. Kukula kwake sikofunikira kwambiri - chikho chikhala chokwanira aliyense payekhapayekha kapena chidebe chimodzi. Mukabzala limodzi, ndikofunikira kusunga mtunda pakati pa mbande za 10 cm. Mbewu sizimavutikira, ndikokwanira kuthirira ngati pakufunikira, kumasula dothi, kupewa kusanja ndikukonza kuyatsa kosayenerera. Masabata awiri musanabzalidwe poyera, ndikofunikira kuchita kachitidwe koukitsa, komwe kumachitika motere:
- Muyenera kupita ndi mbewuyo kukhonde kwa mphindi 5, bola ngati palibe mpweya, ndipo nyengo ndiyotentha;
- Bwerezani izi tsiku ndi tsiku, pang'onopang'ono kuchulukitsa kwa nthawi ya digito m'mweya watsopano.
Kubzala m'mundawo kutha kuchitika mutatha chomera kuti chitha kukhala tsiku lonse mosatekeseka.
Kubzala mbewu panthaka
Panyengo yonse yamasika, digitalis imabzalidwe panthaka, koma ndikofunikira kuchita izi koyambirira.
Poyambirira ndikofunikira kukonzekeretsa bwino dothi: muyenera kukumba mozama, kusanja ndikuwapatsanso nthawi yokwanira kuti mupezenso madzi.
Mukabzala, ndikofunikira kusunga mtunda wa 30 cm pakati pa mizere, pomwe kuya kwa emwerani sikuyenera kupitirira 2 cm.
Finyani nyemba zobzalidwa ndi nthaka pang'ono. M'malo ozizira, amaloledwa kuphimba mbande ndi lutrasil. Mtunda wovomerezeka pakati pa mbewu mumzera umodzi ndi 10 cm.
Madeti obzala mbande mu nthaka
Mbande obzalidwa kumapeto kwa chilimwe - koyambirira kwa chilimwe, kuyang'ana kalendala yoyendera ya ikamatera. Zimaloledwa kale, koma ndikofunikira kulingalira kuti chikhalidwe chaching'ono sichitha kupulumuka chisanu chobwerera. Nthaka iyenera kutenthetsedwa bwino, ndipo masamba osachepera asanu ayenera kukula kale pambewu.
Digitalis iyenera kufesedwa poyera komanso yoyatsidwa bwino, maluwawo amatha kumera bwino. Ziwembu zopezeka pafupi ndi dothi labwino sizoyenera, popeza dothi lozungulira mbewu zotere limakhala lonyowa mosiyanasiyana ndi madzi osungira nthawi ndi nthawi. Zikatero, digito sadzafa, koma alibe maluwa.
Tekinoloje yofikira kwa Digitalis
Zofunikira:
- Kuthamanga;
- Chakudya chopatsa thanzi
- Kuvomerezeka kwamadzi, i.e. palibe kusunthika kwa chinyezi.
Kupalira ndi kukumba kumachitika mwachangu, ndipo mpaka pamtunda wosachepera 30. Pambuyo pake, dothi limapangidwa manyowa ndi kompositi pamtunda wa 5 kg pa 1 m2.
Mukabzala, simungathe kuwononga dothi loumbayo la mbewu, popeza mizu yake ndiosalimba. Mutabzala, onetsetsani kuti mwatsatanetsatane nthaka ndikuthirira madzi ambiri. Osadikirira maluwa mchaka choyamba cha kukula, nthawi yomwe chomeracho chidzangopanga rosette.
Chisamaliro chakunja
Chomera chimafuna kuthirira kokha munthawi ya chilimwe. Mukanyowetsa chilichonse, mumasuleni dothi kuti lisawononge mizu ya digito. Zoposa 2 times pachaka ziyenera kudyetsedwa ndi feteleza wa mchere, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi kuthirira. Kusintha kukongoletsa, ndikofunikira kusiya ma inflorescence omwe adayamba kale kuphuka, komanso kufota.
Digitalis itatha maluwa
Kubzala mosamalitsa komanso chisamaliro kumatsimikizira kukula kwa mitengo ya digito komanso maluwa apanthaŵi yake, mutatha kuiwalako osayeneranso kunyalanyaza chisamaliro chanyengo.
Chifukwa pamtunda wa mizu, pali kuthekera kwakukulu kwa kuyambira kwa muzu. Kuti mupewe izi, makamaka nthawi yophukira, digitalis iyenera kukonkhedwa ndi dothi laling'ono.
Mitundu ingapo ndiyodziwika bwino chifukwa cha kukana kutentha kwenikweni, ngati chipale chofewa chimagwa nthawi yozizira, chomera chimayamba kuzizira. Sichikhala chopanda pake kudzaza phuma ndi utuchi kapena masamba. Pogona nyengo yachisanu ndizofunikira makamaka kwa digitalis achinyamata.
Mbewu zitha kutengedwa mutatha kukhwimira kwathunthu kwa mabelu ambewu, zomwe zimayenera kuchotsedwa zisanayambe kuphulika. Choyamba, mbeu ziyenera kuyanikiridwa m'chipinda chotsegukira bwino, kenako ndikuzisungitsa kuti zizisungidwa m'matumba ndikusiyidwa pamalo amdima, owuma.
Zomera zakudyiro zamagetsi
Kubala kotero kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito njira zoyambira. Choyamba muyenera kuchotsa mabulashi omwe atha kale ndikuthothoka, pomwe simungathe kukhudza ma inflorescence ochulukirapo - ndi othandiza pakutola mbewu. Pambuyo pa masabata atatu izi zitachitika, m'munsi mwa mbewu zopingidwa, mphukira zamera. Iliyonse mwa zigawo za mizu ipeza ma masamba a 7-8, omwe amayenera kuchotsedwa mosamala ndikuziika. Mphukira idzakulitsa mpaka kugwa ndipo izitha kupirira nyengo yozizira. Chomera chomera chimakhala ndi maudzu ndipo chidzaphuka posachedwa nyengo yotsatira.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Powdery Mildew Mafangayi amafalikira kuthamanga kwambiri kudzera mumlengalenga, komanso ndi madzi othirira komanso kudzera pazida. Chomera chomwe chakhudzidwa chimakhala chikasu, makwinya ndikufa. Pazizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawa, muyenera kuchotsa ziwalo zomwe zakhudzidwazo, ndiye kuti muthane ndi fungus ya digitalis. Ngati matendawa sanathetsedwe m'magawo oyambilira, ndiye kuti m'magawo otsatirawa, mbewu ndiyosatheka kupulumutsa.
Zovunda. Dijito yomwe idakhudzidwa ndi matendawa iyenera kuwonongedwa kuti isafalikire. Kenako malo omwe mbewu yodwalayo imakula imayenera kuthandizidwa ndi bowa.
Masamba owoneka. Zimachitika pamasamba ndi zimayambira chifukwa cha zochita zamagulu osiyanasiyana. Ichi ndi chizindikiro cha kufa kwa dera lomwe lakhudzidwalo. Matendawa amakhudza mbewu zazing'ono komanso zokhwima. Matendawa amatsogolera pakugwa masamba masamba, kuyanika kwawo ndi kuwonongeka; Imafooketsa chitetezo chambiri cha digito.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Chomera chimatha kugwidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsabwe za m'masamba, zomwe zimakhala zonyamula matenda osiyanasiyana. Ndikosavuta kuchotsa tizilombo pochiritsa digito ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Mr. Chilimwe wokhala kumudzi kwawo amadziwitsa: zoyipa ndi Ubwino wa digito
M'mbuyomu, madokotala adagwiritsa ntchito digitalis kuchiza matenda osiyanasiyana, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ululu wa matenda apakhungu, komanso kuyeretsa thupi ndi kudzimbidwa. Komabe, pamene kuchuluka kwanyengo ya digitalis kudapitilira, mankhwalawo adayambitsa nseru, kutsegula m'mimba, osapangidwanso kufa.
M'zaka za XVIII, duwa lidayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala achikhalidwe, makamaka pochiza matenda amtima. Digitalis pano imagwiritsidwa ntchito ku:
- Limbitsani makoma amitsempha yamagazi;
- Sinthani magazi kukapereka kwa minofu ndi minyewa;
- Kusintha kwa machitidwe a hemodynamic;
- Nkhondo yolimbana ndi mtima, matenda oopsa, tachycardia;
- Sinthani kutentha kwa mtima.
Ndimagwiritsa ntchito ubweya wa digito pafupipafupi kuposa ena ngati zopangira zamankhwala. Ma organic acids, glycosides amalekanitsidwa ndi iwo. Masambawo amaphwanyidwa kukhala boma la ufa, lomwe ndi gawo lamankhwala. Mankhwala osagwiritsa ntchito njira zina amatanthauza mitundu ingapo ya ma minyewa ochokera ku digitis.
Mitundu yonse ya digitalis imakhala ndi poizoni, yomwe imakhala yoyipa ku thanzi, chifukwa chake sikulimbikitsidwa kuti musankhe nokha ndi chomera ichi. Imaphatikizidwa makamaka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la m'mapapu ndi mtima, omwe ali ndi vuto la m'mimba, komanso kwa ana aang'ono ndi amayi apakati.
Kugwiritsa ntchito kumayambitsa kuyamwa, kuyabwa, kusanza, zizindikiro zambiri za poizoni wa chakudya, kulephera kupuma, kukokana mthupi lonse, komanso zizindikiro zina zofanana. Pogwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali, kudya mankhwalawa, kuchepa kwa chakudya komanso mawonekedwe a kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo kumatha.
