Tchalitchi cha Saintpaulia Chilimwe Tatsala pang'ono kukondwerera zaka 10. Zosiyanasiyana zidasanjidwa mu 2007. Wopanga izi ndi Konstantin Lvovich Morev, wophunzira wa woweta otchuka kwambiri ku Russia, a Boris Mikhailovich Makuni.
Zosiyanasiyana Moreva amasiyanitsidwa ndi momwe amachokera komanso sakhala otsika kwambiri kuposa ena, ndipo nthawi zambiri amaposa iwo. Madzulo chilimwe chalowa kale thumba la golide la zovala zabwino kwambiri zosankha zapakhomo.
Kufotokozera kwa mitundu ya Moreva
Kalasi ya violet ndi muyezo wofanana. Malo ogulitsira ndiwowoneka bwino.
Masamba
Masamba ndi wobiriwira kwambiri, mamvekedwe apakati, pafupi ndi mdima. M'mphepete mwa malire oyera. Kapangidwe kamakhala koyenera mozungulira, pansi ndi pomwepo.
Maluwa
Maluwa - nyenyezi zoyambira-kawiri, ali ndi miyala 7-16 yotakata pang'ono, yoyatsidwa ndi mafunde. Mphepete mwa kakapangidwe kakang'ono. Maonekedwe a duwa ndi opepuka, opunduka. Dongosolo la maluwa ndi masentimita 5-6. Colour: lilac-violet, wokhala ndi malire komanso diso loyera. Utoto wakuthwa bwino, koma osatalikirana kwambiri, umayenda modutsa matalala ozizira, wopatsa maluwa mawonekedwe amadzi.
Machesi amatengedwa m'mabisiketi a ma pcs a 3-5. pa peduncle iliyonse. Amakhala olimba, okhathamira, osatalikirapo, amagwada pang'ono pansi pa kulemera kwa maluwa, omwe amapanga chipewa chofewa mumtundu uliwonse wokula. Maluwa amapitilira, ochulukirapo, amatha mpaka miyezi itatu.
Zabwino
Chilimwe Masika a Violet Chilimwe chili ndi zabwino zambiri, chifukwa chake sichongopeza kutchuka kokha, komanso chakhala mtundu wotchuka wakongoletsa zipinda:
- Mawonekedwe okongoletsa, akumayambitsa kuyanjana ndi nyanja yam'mawa, mabingu, madzulo kucha. Kuphatikiza kokongola kwa masamba opindika ndi maluwa oyera ofiirira.
- Mkhalidwe wowonetsera. Rosette yaying'ono, osati "razlapisty", makina oyenda okhazikika, maluwa ambiri.
- Palibe zofunika zapadera. Uwu ndi mtundu wabwino kwambiri womwe ungadzitsimikizire nokha ndi chisamaliro chovomerezeka cha ma violets. Sichifuna zochitika zapadera, zokhazikika komanso zodalirika.
Vutoli liziwonetsa kuthekera kwake kokha mwa maluwa awiri ndi atatu. Maluwa oyambira amatha kukhala ochepa komanso osavuta.
Zinthu zikukula
Zosiyanasiyana sizofunikira. Mikhalidwe yapadera siyofunikira. Imakula bwino m'nyumba wamba.
Zoyenera kumangidwa:
| Parameti | Zochitika |
| Malo | Mawindo akumadzulo ndi kum'mawa |
| Kuwala | Kuwala kochulukirapo kopanda dzuwa |
| Kutentha | + 16 ... +18 ° ะก |
| Chinyezi | 80 % |
| Dothi | Amasuka, okhala ndi hygroscopicity. Wokonzeka, kapena wopangidwa ndi nyumba, kuchokera ku peat (mbali ziwiri) ndi perlite (gawo limodzi) |
| Mphika | Pulasitiki, 1/3 kutalika kwambiri kuposa m'lifupi, yaying'ono, m'mimba mwake - osapitirira 1/3 pa malo ogulitsira. |
Chifukwa chiyani mbale zamapulasitiki ziyenera kukondedwa? Ndiosavuta kusamba, ndikadzula, chimasiyanitsidwa mosavuta ndi makhoma a dothi, sichimawonetsedwa ndi kutentha, chimateteza bwino pakuwonjezera kapena kuzizira kwa mizu ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa,
Kufalikira kwa Ziwawa
Senpolia imafalitsidwa mosavuta ndi masamba odulidwa ndi ma peduncle. Njira yachiwiri ndi ya akatswiri ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi obereketsa kuphatikiza mawonekedwe a Mphukira inayake. Kunyumba, kufalitsa ndi masamba odulidwa mumakonda.
Malamulo pakusankha zodula:
- Sankhani pepala kuchokera mzere wapakati, osati wakale kwambiri komanso osati wocheperako.
- Iyenera kukhala yaumoyo, yamphamvu, yolimba, popanda kuwonongeka.
- Onetsetsani kuti mwayang'ana masamba omwe ali pamwamba pa tsamba, izi zidzalandira mbewu zamtsogolo. Maluwa ayenera kutsimikizira kwathunthu kufotokozera: lalikulu, ndi malire oyera owoneka bwino ndi maso, ochulukirapo, okhala mtambo.
Pewani kutenga zodula kuchokera pansi pa maluwa mutapendekera pang'ono ndi mthunzi wakuda - pali chiopsezo chotenga mikangano ndi maluwa oyera ofiirira opanda khungu loyera (makope okhala ndi zilembo zosapezeka).
Zochita zina:
- Wodulidwa amadulidwa mosabisa, kudula kumayikidwa kaboni yophwanyika, phesi yomweyo, popanda kuyanika, kuyikiridwa m'madzi oyera.
- Nthawi ndi nthawi, muyenera kumayang'anitsitsanso gawo lanu kuti liwonongeke. Ngati zikuwoneka, dera lomwe lakhudzidwalo limadulidwanso, ndipo zodulidwazo zimayikidwa m'madzi atsopano. M'tsogolomu, amasinthidwa tsiku ndi tsiku.
- Pambuyo pa masabata 1-1.5, mizu idzawonekera.
- Mizu ikangofika 1 masentimita, phesi limabzalidwa m'nthaka yokhazikika ya violets.
- Pakupita kwa mwezi, mbewu zazing'ono zimawonekera pansi.
- Amabzalidwe mosamala mumiphika yaying'ono kapena makapu apulasitiki.
- Pepa la amayi litha kukhazikitsidwanso.
Ngati phesi ndilokulirapo, njira yowonekera kwa ana ingachedwe. Pofuna kutukula kukula, theka lakumapeto kwa masamba limadulidwa.
Chisamaliro cha Violet
Ma Voresegated violets amafunikira kwambiri kuposa masiku onse, ngakhale mitundu ya Chilimwe Yachilimwe imakhala yodalirika - imadziwonetsa ndi chisamaliro chokhazikika. Komabe, ndikofunikira kuganizira mawonekedwe ake.
- Ndikofunikira kuti kuzizirira, kutentha pang'ono pansipa mwabwinobwino m'chipinda: malire oyera ndi mthunzi wa maluwa ndizowonekera kwambiri.
- Kusamalira kwambiri kuyatsa kuyenera. Masamba akakhala obiriwira kwambiri, mbewuyo ilibe kuwala okwanira.
- Ngati mukufuna chomera chamaluwa chaka chonse, kuyatsa mpaka maola 12 masana ndikofunikira.
- Ziwawa sizimakonda kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, koma zimafuna chinyezi chokwanira chokwanira. Zimatheka pokhazikitsa mbewu pallet yonyowa ndi miyala yonyowa, kupopera mpweya pafupi kapena kukhazikitsa ma humidifiers.
- Masggi masamba a senpolia amatenga fumbi mwachangu, mchipinda chomwe chayimiracho, payenera kukhalaukhondo. Tiyerekezere kusamba kwakanthawi pano kwa maluwa osomera, koma mosamala.
Mr. Chilimwe wokhala kale amachenjeza: zolakwika pamene kuthirira violets
Zolakwika zapadziko lonse lapansi - kusankhidwa kwa dothi kolakwika. Momwe mizu ya violets imakhudzira chinyezi chambiri. Ndipo chinyezi ichi chikazizira kwambiri, matenda obwera ndi bakiteriya sangapewe. Chifukwa chake, makina abwino komanso opepuka, mpweya ndi chinyezi chokwanira chofunikira ndizofunikira.
Zolakwika pakuthilira:
- Madzi ozizira kwambiri. Kutentha kwamadzi nthawi zonse kumayenera kukhala kwamtunda wa 5 kupitilirapo kutentha.
- Madziwo amatengedwa kuchokera pampopi ndipo sakhazikika. Mchere umayika pansi "pamizu" mizu, umalepheretsa kudya kwazomera, izi zimatha kubweretsa kufa kwathunthu. Madzi abwino kwambiri chifukwa ndi mvula kapena kusungunuka (madzi amasungika mufiriji, kenako amasungunuka).
- Kuthirira pafupipafupi. Moisten senpolia pokhapokha ngati pakufunika kutero. Muyenera kukhudza dothi. Ngati ili youma (koma osati youma), ndi nthawi yothirira. Kutalikirana kumadalira nthawi ya chaka, kutentha m'chipindacho, ndiye kuti palibe malingaliro apadziko lonse lapansi. Kungoyesedwa ndi dzanja.
- Zapamwamba kwambiri. Madzi weys yekha pamwamba wosanjikiza. Mizu yomwe ili pansipa simalandira chinyezi, ndipo malo owonjezereka onenepa - chiwopsezo cha matenda mmera chikukula. Iyenera kuthiriridwa madzi oyenera, kotero kuti madziwo amadutsa ndi dothi loumbika ndi kuwonekera poto. Chinyezi chambiri chimatsitsidwa.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Ziwawa sizifunikira zakudya zambiri. Chapakatikati, atangokwanitsa kumene, amakhala ndi michere yokwanira nthaka. Pa mawonekedwe a masamba, feteleza aliyense wamavuto amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati maluwa mkati. Ngati pali masamba owala pamasamba, mbewuyo ilibe nayitrogeni. Feteleza "Pepala loyera" ndikulimbikitsidwa.
Thirani
Ana akuyenera kuwaika ngati anafunika, osasamala nthawi ya chaka. Mbale ikangolowa kwambiri (masamba a ma violets ndi okulirapo kuposa 2/3 kuposa masentimita awiri a mbale), chomera chaching'ono chija chimasungidwa mumphika wokulirapo kuposa woyamba, 2-3 cm. Njira ndi transshipment. Ndiye kuti, mbewuyo imayikidwa mumtsuko watsopano, popanda kuphwanya umphumphu wa dothi loumbira.
M'tsogolomu, mbewu zimasulidwa kamodzi pachaka. Zomera zakale kwambiri kuposa zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi zimafunikira njira yokonzanso. Pulogalamuyo imadulidwa pamizu, masamba akale amachotsedwa, ndikuyika madzi. Mizu ikangowoneka, iwo amaibzala m'nthaka monga momwe zimakhalira.
Kuti maluwa ambiri azikhala ndi maluwa ochepa amafunika chakudya chocheperako. Mphika wawukulu upangitsa kuti chomera chiwongolere mphamvu zake zonse pamwamba.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda t amafotokozedwa pagome:
| Vutoli | Choyambitsa ndi Zizindikiro | Njira zoyesera |
| Zovunda | Ntchito ya bowa, imakulirakulira chifukwa chosasamala (kuthirira kwambiri, hypothermia ya mizu). Imakula bwino komanso pang'onopang'ono, masamba ndi opunduka, aulesi, opanda turgor. | Chotsani duwa mumphika, yang'anirani mizu mosamala, ndi mpeni wakuthwa chotsani mbali zonse zomwe zakhudzidwa, ndikuziika mu dothi losabala. Muzovuta kwambiri, kudula zitsulo pamizu ndi muzu kachiwiri. |
| Gray zowola | Amayitanidwa ndi mabakiteriya. Masamba ndi ma peduncles adakutidwa ndi imvi malo, maluwa satseguka, opunduka. | Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi Topsin-M. Sakani zolakwika muzolemba (dothi losalondola, kuthirira zolakwika, poto wouma, chinyezi, kuzizira, kuvulala kwa mbewu, kusefukira kapena hypothermia ya mizu). |
| Powdery mildew | Amayitanidwa ndi mitundu ina ya bowa. Chikwangwani choyera chimapezeka pamasamba ndi masamba. | Kufufuza ndi kukonzekera "Topaz", "Fundozol", "Bayleton", kuwunikira zomwe zinamangidwa. |
| Tizilombo: tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, nsabwe za m'masamba, zopondera, nkhupakupa, zovala zoyera | The senpolia sichimakhudzidwa kwenikweni, chikhalidwe cha mbewu zomwe zimakhala ndizovuta kwambiri. | Kuwaza ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo "Bazudin", "Actellik", "Fitoverm", "Vermitek". Kuchotsa mbali zomwe zakhudzidwa. Kukhazikitsa chomera chisamaliro chabwino. |
Kuti mupewe mavuto omwe ali pamwambapa, ndikokwanira kusunga duwa pamalo oyenera ndikutsatira malamulo oyenera osamalira mbewu m'nyumba. Kwa oyamba onse, shawa komanso mankhwala othandizira kupewa mankhwala ofunikira amafunika. Izi kupewa kupewa tizirombo.
Kupanga kutonthoza kwa senpole Chilimwe chakumadzulo sikovuta mu nyumba wamba. Mitundu yathanzi imatha kuthana ndi matenda pawokha, amasangalala ndi masamba atsopano ndi mitundu yowala.
