Medlar: Kulima dimba, kubzala ndi chisamaliro

Mtengo wa Medlar kapena chisel ndiwofunikira mtengo chifukwa cha kukongola kwake, zopindulitsa pazigawo zonse, kukoma kwa zipatso zokhala ndi mavitamini ambiri komanso kufufuza zinthu. Chikhalidwe chosanyalanyaza ichi ndi mbadwa ku Central Asia, koma chimalumikizidwa bwino ku Crimea, ku Caucasus. Imapezeka pamiyeso yambiri yam'nyumba yam'mphepete mwa dera la Urals, Siberia, ndi Moscow. Imalekerera chisanu mpaka-35 ° C. Medlar imakhala chokongoletsera chenicheni cha nyumba yakumtunda, imabala zipatso bwino, ngati mutatsatira luso laulimi.

Kufotokozera kwa medlar

Pansi pamikhalidwe yachilengedwe, kutalika kwa mtengo wamtchire wamtchire kumafikira mita 8. thunthu limapindika, khungwa ndi ming'alu yosaya.

Masamba a medlar ndi okulirapo, mpaka 10cm kutalika, 6 cm.Ulifupi, wachikopa, wokutidwa pang'ono, wowongoka pang'ono kuloza pakati. Pamwambapa ndi yosalala, pansi ndikakutidwa ndi velvety fluff.

Maluwa ndi ochulukirapo. Maluwa ang'onoang'ono amasonkhanitsidwa mu inflorescence, ali ndi mtundu woyera kapena zonona, wonunkhira wa amondi, opatsa chidwi. Zipatso ndi zachikasu- lalanje kapena zofiirira, kuyambira 3 mpaka 8 masentimita, ndizokulungika, zopindika, zowondera komanso zopindika. Guwa ndi tart, wandiweyani, pambuyo pa kuzizira ndi nayonso mphamvu amakhala lokoma, ofewa. Mu zipatso kuchokera pa mbewu imodzi kapena itatu, pali zochulukirapo, mpaka zisanu ndi zitatu.

Mitundu ndi mitundu yam'munda medlar

Mwa mitundu itatu ya mtengo wa paini, ziwiri zinagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri: medlar German (Caucasian) ndi Japan (lokva). Amalimidwa bwino pakati pamagulu, pali mitundu 30. Pazitali zanyengo yapakati, yokhala ndi phokoso lalitali mpaka 3 mamilimita idakulitsidwa. Imakula bwino ku Russia.

Caucasian medlar limamasula masika, mu Meyi-June, nyengo yolima imatenga mpaka nyengo yozizira itayamba. Mphukira zapachaka nthawi zambiri zimawuma. Mitundu yopanda mbewu ndi mbewu imalimidwa mumsewu wapakati.

Ma medras a ku Japan amalima nthawi yophukira, zipatso zimakhalabe panthambi nthawi yozizira, zipse kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe - mu June. Thumba losunga mazira siliboweka nthawi yozizira pokhapokha kum'mwera komanso kotentha. M'madera ena, medras yotere imalimidwa m'nyumba, malo obiriwira, malo osungirako malo.

Malo a medlar m'munda

Medlar ndi chomera chachikulu, chifukwa akabzala m'munda iwo amasankha malo abwino kwambiri. Popeza kukula kwa korona, onani mtunda pakati pa kubzala kwa mita 1.5. Pakupanga zipatso zonse, mitengo iwiri kapena itatu yabzalidwa pafupi. Imalekerera kuyandikira kwa currants.

Chinyezi chimafunikira mosamala, medlar sakonda madzi oyandikira, omwe amakonda kuzika mizu. Mtunda wopita kumadzi ayenera kukhala osachepera mita 1. Mukasankha dothi, zokonda zimaperekedwa kuti zisatengere komanso acidic pang'ono, sipadzakhala zokolola zambiri pa podzol.

Kubzala moyenera ndi chisamaliro poyera ndiyo njira yopezera zipatso zabwino.

Kubzala mmera

Pakulima mbande, mbewu zimasankhidwa kuchokera ku zipatso zatsopano; pomwe zimasungidwa, kumera kumachepetsedwa kwambiri. Mbewu zolimba zokhazokha mpaka 30 cm zimasunthira dothi.

Kugulitsa Algorithm:

• patatsala mwezi umodzi kuti abzale, dzenje lokhazikika limakonzedwa mpaka 50 cm;
• nthaka yotulutsidwa imasulidwa bwino, kumasulidwa ku udzu, kenako nkubwerera kudzenje;
• musanabzale, kukunani mabowo ang'onoang'ono, 1/3 kukula kwambiri kuposa kukula mumphika momwe mbande idakulira;
• konzani dothi losakanikirana: humus, mchenga, peat, gawo lapansi la kompositi amatengedwa zofanana kapena pezani dothi loti phwetekere;
• madzi ochuluka, pwanya, kuti ma voids asakhazikike, kukhazikitsa chithandizo;
• tsiku lotsatira, bwalo loyandikira limasulidwa, ndikudzaza ndi humus.

Zolemba posamalira medlar poyera

Medlar sangalekerere chilala, amafunika kudya pafupipafupi. Mitundu yosakhala yokhazikika imapanga korona.

Kuthirira

Panthawi ya kukula kwamasamba, nthambi zimayenera kuthiriridwa nthawi zonse kwa zaka 4, kupewa kuyanika kwa matope osachedwa. M'nyengo yotentha, nthawi ya dothi iyenera kukhala yonyowa nthawi zonse. Kuti muchite izi, bwalo la thunthu limalungika kapena kuphimbidwa ndi udzu.

Mavalidwe apamwamba

Nthawi yoyamba feteleza wachilengedwe akagwiritsidwa ntchito chaka chimodzi mutabzala, kuvala muzu mu nthawi yophukira kumachitika mu gawo lokhazikika sabata iliyonse ya 3, mitengo ya akulu imadyetsedwa katatu pachaka. Gwiritsani:

• mwatsopano mullein amabadwa 1: 8, kunena kwa sabata;
• phosphate mineral feteleza, pangani mogwirizana ndi malangizo;
• mafuta a potashi a 1 tbsp. supuni mu 10 malita a madzi;
• phulusa la nkhuni nthawi yakucha mpaka 5 tbsp. l pa 1 m2.

Nthawi yakula, kuvala bwino kwa foliar ndi phosphate nitrate kumachitika, koyamba kuchepetsedwa molingana ndi malangizo, kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi 1: 1 musanavule.

Kudulira

Kudulira mwaukhondo kumachitika kumapeto kwa chaka chilichonse pambuyo podzuka kwa impso. Choyera:

• mphukira zachisanu;
• kukula perpendicular kwa thunthu;
• zolimba kwambiri;
• Kukula pafupi ndi nthambi zazikulu zobala zipatso.

Tizilombo ndi matenda a medlar

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati tizilombo ta mitengo ya apulo ndi peyala, timaweta molingana ndi malangizo. Kuchokera ku fungal matenda - fungicides wokhala ndi mkuwa. Ndi mvula yayitali

Kuswana kwa Medlar

Mukabzala mitundu yolimidwa ndi mbeu, mikhalidwe yabwino sikuti nthawi zonse imabadwa.

Njira yothandiza kwambiri yolerera ndi kudula. Mphukira zamphamvu zakubadwa 2 zimadulidwa m'magawo 12 cm kuti aliyense ali ndi masamba awiri. Zodulidwa zimamera m'malo otentha (chinyezi mpaka 80%, kutentha osatsika kuposa +30 ° С).

Zoyikamo mpweya zimapezedwa ndi zomangira zonyowa kuti zikanyowe ndi nthambi. Pakukhudza, khungayo imachotsedwa. Scion imapangidwa scion ya quince, peyala, hawthorn kapena phulusa laphiri.