Indoor nightshade (Solanum) ndi amitundu yayikulu yazomera kuchokera kubanja loyandikana, momwe mitundu pafupifupi 1200 imayimiriridwa. Izi zimaphatikizapo mbewu zodziwika bwino zamasamba, monga: phwetekere, mbatata Komanso, zokongoletsera - zopindika, jasmine, komanso zamkati - tsabola wabodza, tsabola.
Indoor nightshade kapena solanum imamera nyengo yotentha, m'malo otentha pang'ono. Ndiye chifukwa chake adachokera. Dziko lakwawo limaganiziridwa kuti ndi malo otentha komanso opezeka ku Central ndi South America, South Asia.
Kufotokozera
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nightshade imamera ngati udzu, mitengo, zitsamba.
Gawo lobiriwira lachikhalidwecho limatengera komwe zimayambira. Tchire limatha kukhala lokwera kapena kunama komanso kukwawa.
Maluwa amodzi amatengedwa mosiyanasiyana: burashi, whisk, whisk, scute. Koma chinthu chofunikira kwambiri ndichakuti mtundu uliwonse uli ndi zipatso. Kuphatikiza pa kutchuka monga mbewu, chomera chimadziwika chifukwa cha zokongoletsera zake.
Mitundu yolimidwa m'nyumba
Pali mitundu yambiri ya solanum yomwe ndi yoyenera kukula m'malo obisalamo nyumba, sill sill kapena greenhouse. Amasiyana m'maluwa, zipatso, kukula kwa gawo lobiriwira kapena kutalika kwa mpesa:
| Mitundu | Feature |
| Zonama zabodza (pseudocapsicum) | Solanum pseudo-capicum ndi shrub wokhala ndi mphukira mpaka mamita 1. Masamba amakula m'mizere yochepa yokhazikika kumapeto. Mawonekedwe ake ndi lanceolate okhala ndi mfundo yoyang'ana pamwamba. Utoto wonyezimira wobiriwira ndi kunyezimira. Maluwa ndi ang'onoang'ono oyera osasangalatsa. Masamba a 1.2-1.8 masentimita kukula kwake ndi ofiira owala, ngakhale achikasu amapezekanso. |
| Pepper woboola pakati | 60-100 masentimita Kutalika kwa mthunzi wotuwa ndi m'mphepete mosavuta. Masamba ndi lanceolate kapena oblong, mtundu wake ndi waimvi, mpaka kutalika kwa 7. cm Kukula kwa chipatso ndi 1.5-2 cm. |
| Jasmine | Zomera zobiriwira nthawi zonse. Ndi mpesa wokwawa wokhala ndi nthambi mpaka 2 mita. Masamba ali ndi mawonekedwe osiyana: otsika ndi apakati - atatu, apamwamba - atali. Maluwa ndi owoneka buluu, ali oyera, kukula kwake ndi 1.5-2.0 masentimita. Imaphuka mu Marichi ndipo ikuphulika mpaka Okutobala-Novembala. Mtundu wa zipatsozo ndi wofiira coral, kukula 1.5 cm. |
| Giant | Shrub wa mita 6 kutalika ndi nthambi zophimbidwa ndi minga zofowoka pang'ono. Mitunduyi ndi ya zitsamba zobiriwira nthawi zonse, masamba ake amafika masentimita 25. Maluwa a mitundu yosiyanasiyana, yoyera, yofiirira, yabuluu, amawonekera mu Julayi ndi Ogasiti, kukula kwake kumakhala mpaka 1.5 cm. miyezi ingapo. Kukongoletsa kumapangidwa ndi maluwa, zipatso zofiira zowala komanso fungo labwino. |
| Siforta (wa ku Brazil) | Mphesa wa Evergreen, uli ndi mphukira 6 mita. Masamba kutalika kwa masentimita 1,3 pamitengo yomata. Mtundu wa tsamba ndi lanceolate kapena ovoid wokhala ndi funde laling'ono kuzungulira kuzungulira. Maluwa amafanana ndi tchire mumawonekedwe awo, utoto wawo ndi wotumbulika. Popeza maluwa amatenga miyezi ingapo kuchokera pa Marichi mpaka Novembala, mbewuyo imakhala yokongoletsa modabwitsa chipindacho. |
| Curly | Dzina lina ndi la Chile nightshade chifukwa cha komwe adachokera. Ichi ndi chomera chokwera mita 6. Masamba ndi owongoka mawonekedwe, mpaka kutalika kwa 12 cm. Maluwa ndi ochepa masentimita 2,5 mumtundu wooneka ngati nyenyezi wa lilac. M'dzinja, zipatso zobiriwira kapena zachikasu za lalanje zimawonekera pamaluwa. Kukula kwake ndi kocheperako - masentimita 0,6 okha. Kukongoletsa kwa mtengowu kumalumikizidwa ndi kukongola kwa maluwa ndi zipatso komanso kuyambira kuyambira pakati pa chilimwe mpaka Okutobala. Zipatso zake ndi zakupha. |
| Wendland | Kachilombo kameneka kamagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chomera chokongoletsera chifukwa cha mtundu wawo wobiriwira wobiriwira wazaka zonse. Kutalika - 6 m, kumamatira kumathandizowo ndi spikes yake yaying'ono. Imafalikira mpaka 10cm kumtunda ndipo 25 cm pansi pa mphukira. Maluwa panicles 20 cm mulifupi, amatengedwa kuchokera kwa wofiirira wofiirira, wabuluu ndi maluwa oyera. Amaluwa kwa nthawi yayitali chilimwe chonse. |
| Rantonnetta | Shrub ofanana ndi mtengo. Mphukira imafika mpaka 2 m, masamba amawonjezerapo mpaka 10 cm. Maluwa 2,5 cm wamtambo wakuda kapena wofiirira wopanda fungo, ali ndi malo owala ndi anthers wachikasu 5. Zipatso ndi zofiira mawonekedwe, ofanana ndi mtima. |
| Papillary | Osatha, ali ndi mawonekedwe achilendo a zipatso zomwe zimapangidwa ndi papillae mwanjira yopanda, mtundu ndi wachikaso. Maonekedwe a zipatsozo amatilola kutcha mtundu uwu wa nightshade - Wamkazi kapena chipatso cha Nipple. Zomwe zimayambira ndi zokutira, zili ndi minga. Maluwa ndi nyenyezi ya pinki-yofiirira. Zipatsozo ndi zakupha, zaonda, kukula kwa masentimita 3-7. |
| Mmwenye | Kachitsamba kakang'ono, zipatso zofiira kucha, mawonekedwe ofanana ndi ang'onoang'ono a tomato. Mwanjira yosakhwima, zipatsozo zimakhala ndi poizoni, ndichifukwa chake dzina la mtunduwu "mabulosi akhungu" adawonekera. |
| Pepino (melon peyala) | Zimatanthauza zitsamba zobiriwira zosatha. Kukula kwa thengo kufikira 1.5 metres. Tsinde ndi losalala. Masamba ndi lanceolate, ofanana ndi tsabola. Mtengo waukulu wa mtengowo ndi zipatso zonunkhira zomwe zimakoma ngati vwende kapena nkhaka. Chipatsocho chimapakidwa chikasu chowala, chowawiritsa kwambiri chifukwa chinyezi cha 92%, thupi limakhala lachikasu kapena lopanda utoto, makomedwewo ndi okoma komanso wowawasa. |
| Chakuda (Solanum nigrum) | Chimamera kum'mwera kwa dziko lathu ngati udzu pachaka. Amadziwika chifukwa cha zipatso zake zokoma zakuda, kukula kwa zipatso zakuda. Zipatso zosapsa ndi masamba ndi poyizoni. Pambuyo kucha, mabulosi amatha kudyedwa kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kudzaza kwa ma pie. |
Kusamalira Panyumba
Kusamalira bwino chomera ndichinsinsi cha thanzi ndi kukongola kwake. Solanum sikutanthauza chisamaliro chapamwamba kunyumba. Ndikofunika kusunga malamulo angapo okongola maluwa ndi zipatso zochulukirapo.
Malo / Kuwala
Solanaceae adabwera kwa ife ochokera kumayiko dzuwa, choncho amakonda kuyatsa bwino. M'nyumba, zidzakhala bwino pazenera lakumadzulo ndi kum'mawa. M'chilimwe ndikofunikira kupita nawo kukhonde, koma ndikofunikira kuteteza. Kuwala kowala kwa dzuwa kumavulaza kufinya.
Ndikofunikira nthawi imodzimodzi kumwaza mbewu kuti isafe ndi madzi kawiri pa tsiku.
Kutentha
M'nyengo yotentha, nightshade iyenera kubzala pa kutentha kwa + 18- + 25 ° C, nthawi yophukira, nthawi yozizira ndi masika iyenera kusungidwa m'chipinda chozizira ndi kutentha kwa +12 mpaka + 15 ° C ndipo musaiwale kupuma.
Chinyezi / Kutsirira - tebulo ndi nyengo
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti nightshade amakonda chinyezi.
Kuyanika kwa mbewu kumatha kupangitsa kuti afe.
Kuthirira kwa nyengo ndi motere:
| Nyengo | Kuthirira |
| Kasupe / Chilimwe | Tsiku lililonse, kutentha - 2 kawiri pa tsiku. Spray tsiku lililonse. |
| Zima / kugwa | Kutsirira ndizochepa, mphika umayimirira pallet ndi dongo lotukulidwa. Utsi pafupipafupi. |
Kuyanika dothi m'dzinja-nthawi yachisanu-nyengo yamasika sikuyenera kuloledwa.
Ndikathirira kosakwanira, matenda a solanum omwe ali ndi kachilomboka amatha kuchitika.
Maonekedwe a mbewu yowonongeka yasintha, masamba ali opunduka, masamba amasamba, ooneka ngati zipatso pamtengowo.
Mphika, dothi, kudulira, ndikudzula
M'nyengo yozizira, poto imayikidwa pa dothi (masentimita 2-3) yonyowa kuti ikwaniritse chinyezi. Chaka chilichonse amalimbikitsidwa kuti azisintha limodzi ndi dothi. Izi ndizofunikira kuti muchepetse kuwira kwa m'munsi mwa mizu.
M'dzinja, mphukira zonse zimang'ambidwa pamizimba, pomwe panalibe maluwa kapena zipatso.
Zomwe zimabala mchilimwe ziyenera kuchotsedwa ndikuzisintha ndi ana. M'nyengo yozizira, ndikofunikira kuyeretsa mphukira zomwe zikubwera ndi ma peduncle.
Ndikofunikira kuphatikizira mu February. Tchire lomwe limadulidwa ndi pafupifupi 30%, ndiye chidebe chatsopano chimatengedwa ndikubzala m'nthaka, momwe peat, humus, kompositi, mchenga adaonjezerapo kale.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Kuti maluwa achikulire asangalale ndi maluwa ndi zipatso, ndikofunikira kumuthira manyowa kuyambira kasupe mpaka nthawi yophukira. Feteleza wabwino ndi feteleza wa mchere, yemwe amayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kawiri pamwezi. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera Solanum idzakondweretsa mwini wake ndi maluwa okongola ndi zipatso zokongola.
Kuswana
Itha kufalikira kuchokera ku zipatso zakupsa:
- Mbewu zimachotsedwa ndikutsukidwa mu njira ya potaziyamu permanganate. Kenako imamwazidwa panthaka, ndikuwaza ndi mchenga wowonda ndikusiyidwa mumtsuko pa kutentha kwa + 22 ° C.
- Masabata 2-3 atamera mbande, amayamba kuthilira madzi ndikumasula pang'ono.
- Mbewu zachikale zimabzalidwa m'miphika yamaluwa.
Kufalitsa ndi kudula kumayikidwa:
- Dulani nsonga zamphukira kapena zodula. Wodzalidwa mumtsuko wothira peat ndi mchenga 1 mpaka 1 ndikutentha.
- Kuyika mumiphika kumachitika pambuyo pakuwoneka mizu. Kusakaniza kwa michere kumakonzedwa kuchokera kumchenga ndi nthaka, humus ndi turf.
- Musaiwale kuyika zidutswazo kuti zikule.
Zovuta pakuchoka: matenda, tizirombo
- Kutentha ndi kunyowa, masamba amagwa kwambiri.
- Chipinda chouma, matendawa ndi maulalo ndi akangaude amatha kuchitika.
- Mwakuchepa, kukula kumachepetsa, kumatulutsa pang'ono, zipatso zochepa.
Mr. Chilimwe akudziwitsa: Nightshade - mankhwala kapena poyizoni?
Mankhwalawa, onse zipatso ndi masamba ofunda amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Amathandizira matenda am'mapapo (bronchitis), mmero (tonsillitis), akutsokomola. Imachepetsa, imachepetsa kukokana, ndipo imachepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi.
Mphamvu zochiritsa zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi mavitamini, alkaloids, pectins, asidi wa saponic pakuphatikizika. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwakunja kulipira pochiza mabala, zilonda, zilonda.
Zochizira matendawa
Ma infusions okonzedwa kuchokera ku nightshade amachita bwino ndi nyongolotsi ndipo amakhala ndi okodzetsa. The achire zotsatira za kulowetsedwa kwa maluwa a Solanum limakhala expectorant ndi antirheumatic zotsatira.
Chinsinsi chake ndi chosavuta: supuni imodzi yamaluwa imathiridwa ndi 250 ml ya madzi otentha, omwe amawalimbikitsa maola 2. Kenako mutha kumwa supuni imodzi 4 p. patsiku.
Tincture wa Vodka: Wokonzekera maluwa. Mphukira zazing'ono za 20 g zimatengedwa, zoponderezedwa ndikuphatikizidwa ndi 200 ml ya mowa wamphamvu. Tsimikizani masabata awiri popanda mwayi wakuwala, ndikugwedezeka nthawi ndi nthawi. Kenako makinawo amathiramo, ndikufinya ndikutenga madontho 10-30. Dilute imatsika mu 50 ml yamadzi ndikumwa m'mawa, pakudya nkhomaliro komanso madzulo. Imathandizira ndi mafuta a m'matumbo ndi zilonda zam'mimba.
Mitundu yambiri yosakhwima imakhala ndi poizoni.
Nthawi zina, mlingo yaying'ono ndiwokwanira kupangitsa kudzimbidwa kapena kuwononga poizoni yonse. Nthawi zina, simungathe popanda chithandizo chamankhwala poizoni.
