Calathea - chisamaliro chakunyumba, zithunzi ndi mayina amitundu

Galathea crocata. Chithunzi

Calathea (Calathea) ndi wa banja Marantovye. Malo obadwira Kalasea ndi South America, pomwe imamera m'malo obiriwira mvula. Chomera chimabisidwa kwa dzuwa lotentha ndi nthambi zofalikira za mitengo yayitali.

Kalatayo adalandira dzina kuchokera ku liwu loti "calathos", lomwe limamasulira kuchokera ku "basket" "lachi Greek - masamba ake akale anali ogwiritsa ntchito kuluka.

Ichi ndi chomera chamtundu wa herbaceous chokhala ndi mitundu yambiri, chotuwa komanso cha nthangala. Masamba amakula pamtunda wamtundu wa petioles, nthawi zambiri mawonekedwe awo amakhala a pinki kapena ofiirira. Limamasula kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe mpaka pakati pa chilimwe, kutengera mitundu. Ngati mndende mndende mokwanira, maluwa amatenga mpaka milungu iwiri. Ma inflorescence ndi osawerengeka: maluwa ang'onoang'ono amasonkhanitsidwa mosakanikira mu inflorescence yooneka ngati nthomba. Mtundu wawo ndi osiyanasiyana.

	Kukula kwake kumakhala kotsika, mpaka masamba 7 atsopano pachaka.
	Limamasula kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe mpaka pakati pa chilimwe, kutengera mitundu.
	Chomera chimakula ndi zovuta.
	Ndi mbewu yosatha.

Phindu la calathea

Calathea amayeretsa mpweya ndikukhazikitsa mawonekedwe ake. Phula la Formaldehyde lomwe limatulutsidwa kuzinthu za m'nyumba limatengeka ndi masamba a chomera. Zomwe zimakhala ndi zinthu zoyipa zimachepetsedwa ndi 10%, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti munthu samavulaza thanzi.

Kusamalira calathea kunyumba. Mwachidule

Calathea kunyumba amafunika chisamaliro chapadera, ngati zosowa sizitsatiridwa, mavuto angabuke ndipo chomera chitha kufa:

Njira yotentha	16-24 ° C nthawi ya chilimwe, pafupifupi 16 ° C nthawi yozizira, osachepera 10 ° C. Pewani kusintha kwa kutentha.
Chinyezi cha mpweya	Kuchokera pa 60%. Imathandizidwa ndi kupopera mankhwala nthawi zonse - osachepera katatu pa sabata. Zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimakhala ndi ma terry sheet sizinyowa, koma nyowetsani mpweya pafupi nawo.
Kuwala	Pakatikati, musakhale kutali ndi dzuwa. Makonzedwe abwino kwambiri ndi 2 metres kuchokera pazenera molowera chakumadzulo.
Kuthirira	M'nyengo yotentha - katatu pa sabata, nthawi yozizira kamodzi kokha. Pewani kusayenda kwa madzi mumphika. Madziwo ndi ofewa, otentha.
Dothi	Ndi kuwonjezera kwa mchenga kapena peat, kupuma. Podzikonzekeretsa, sakanizani: dothi lamasamba - magawo awiri, peat - 1, mchenga - 1.
Feteleza ndi feteleza	Nthawi yakula, kuchepetsedwa kwa madzi 1: 2 kumafunikira pakatha masiku khumi ndi anayi. Kuchuluka kwa calcium ndi nayitrogeni sikovomerezeka.
Thirani	Zomera zazing'ono - chaka chilichonse mu February kapena March. Komanso - zaka 2-4, mphika ukakhala wocheperako ndi mizu.
Kuswana	Pogawa tchire pakudzala, kuti mbewu iliyonse ikhale ndi masamba angapo ndi mizu iwiri itatu. Zofesedwa ndi njere, zimayenera kumera pa 20-24 ° C.
Kukula Zinthu	M'chilimwe, mbewuyo imatha kutengedwera panja - m'munda, pa khonde, koma yotetezedwa. Amakonda chinyezi chogona. Masamba amapindidwa usiku. Ndikosavuta kuvulaza, kupukuta mosamala.

Kalaza Varshevich. Chithunzi

Kuti mukule bwino, muyenera kuphunzira malamulo a chisamaliro mwatsatanetsatane.

Kusamalira calathea kunyumba. Mwatsatanetsatane

Chomera cha calathea chamkati sindicho chipindulitsa kwambiri, koma sichimasiyana modzichepetsa. Ngati mutapatuka pa kutentha, chinyezi, ndikuwunikira, calathea imatha kudwala ndikufa. Mitundu ina imakhala yolimba komanso yopirira kuposa ena okhala ndi nyumba, monga Makoya.

Vuto lalikulu la kukula m'zipinda ndi mpweya wouma nthawi yozizira chifukwa cha mabatire ndi zotenthetsa. Masamba ake ali ndi gawo lalikulu lomwe limasuluka nthawi zambiri. M'madambo otentha, zotayika zimabwezeredwa ndi mpweya wonyowa, ndipo m'chipinda chouma ndondomekoyi imakhala kwambiri. Mizu yake ilibe nthawi yobwezeretsa m'matangadza, chifukwa masamba amasamba.

Zinthu zoterezi zimafunikira chidwi chomera ndikutsimikizira kukwaniritsa zofunika.

Maluwa a calathea

Kalatea amapereka maluwa ang'onoang'ono osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana - zimadalira mitundu yazomera. Makoya, calathea wodabwitsa komanso wamitundu, ali ndi ma tubular inflorescence oyera omwe amasulidwa kuchokera kumunsi kwamasamba. Saffron calathea ndi yotchuka chifukwa cha maluwa ake owala a lalanje, ndipo zebrin ndi lilac.

Kuchulukitsa maluwa, olima maluwa amagwiritsa ntchito chinyengo chimodzi. Nthawi zambiri, zochitika ngati izi zimabweretsa zotsatira zabwino pa safironi calathea. Limamasula kwa miyezi 2-3. Mphukira zake zitakula kupitirira 15 cm, mkati mwa Ogasiti mphika unapangidwanso m'malo amdima kwa milungu 10.

Kutsirira kumachepetsedwa mpaka malire. Pakadali pano, duwa limapanga masamba atsopano. Mukabwereranso ku malo owala, konzekerani kuthirira nthawi zonse. Pakatha miyezi ina iwiri, calathea imaphuka.

Njira yotentha

Calathea kunyumba amakonda kutentha ndipo salekerera kukonzekera komanso kutentha kwambiri. M'chilimwe, 22 ... 24 ° C amadziwika kuti ndiotentha. M'nyengo yozizira, ndizabwino kwambiri kusunga 16 ... 18 ° C.

Ngati matenthedwe apamwamba madigiri 20, ndiye kuti ndikofunikira kuti duwa liziwonjezera kutentha.

Kuwaza

Kununkhira ndikothandiza kwa calatheas, ndipo ngakhale shawa yofunda imapindulitsa mbewu. Koma izi zimangokhudza mitundu yokhala ndi masamba osalala. Oimira Terry ayenera kutetezedwa kuti madontho amadzi agwera pansi. Potere, njira yabwino ndikunyowetsa mpweya kuzungulira chomera.

Kuwala

Duwa la calathea kunyumba sililola dzuwa, kugunda mwachindunji kwa mawondo kumatha kupha iye. Masamba amamva kupweteka - amapindika, khungu lawo limasintha, limayamba kupindika. Malawi akuwoneka pansi.

Mukamasankha poto wa mphikawo, zokonda ziyenera kuperekedwa pazenera lakumadzulo kapena kum'mawa, koma osati pawindo, koma mamitala angapo kuchokera pamenepo.

Chipindacho chizikhala chopepuka. Ngati mukuyikira ngodya yamdima, izifunikira kuwunikira kowonjezera kuchokera kumagwero okumbika kwa maola osachepera 12-14 patsiku.

Nyali ya fluorescent iyenera kuyikika patali 20 cm kuchokera masamba.

Kuthirira

Muyenera kumvetsera kwambiri kuthirira. Calathea yakunyumba simalola kukokomeza mopitirira muyeso komanso chinyezi chambiri kapena kusungunuka kwa madzi mumphika ndi poto.

Masamba am'madzi amamwa madzi ambiri, chifukwa chosowa chinyezi kumaopseza mbewu. Ndi zopitilira muyeso, kukula kumayimitsidwa komanso kukhumudwa. Masamba amakhala oderera, omwe akuwonetsa kuyamba kwa kuvunda kwa mizu.

Popewa mavuto ndi kuthirira, muyenera kusankha gawo lapansi la duwa. Iyenera kufanana ndi nthaka yachilengedwe cha calathea. Amamera m'malo osalala, opepuka omwe madzi samakhalapo. Kwa mbewu, chinyezi chinyezi ndizowopsa kwambiri kuposa kusowa kwake. Amakonzekera chilala - pamizu pali njira zambiri zomwe zimakwaniritsa, ngati kuli kofunikira, kufunika kwa madzi.

Palibenso chifukwa chothirira chomera mpaka dothi lomwe lili mumphika litapukuta mutanyowa kale.

Mphika wa calathea

Miphika iyenera kusankhidwa yaying'ono, chifukwa calathea ili ndi mizu yopanda tanthauzo. Chifukwa cha izi, nthaka yochulukirapo ili pachiwopsezo cha acidifying. Zoyenera kukhala zosankha zochepa. Ndibwino ngati dongo - mu chotengera chotere mulibe vuto loti madzi azisokonekera.

Ngati mizu ya chomera chachikale ikupezeka kudzera mu bowo lokwanira, ndiye kuti mumphikawo ndi wocheperako ndipo chomeracho muyenera kuuthira.

Kalamba woyambira

Dothi liyenera kukhala lopepuka, lotayirira, lamadzi- komanso lopumira. Ndikosavuta kukonzekera gawo lapansi nokha malingana ndi izi: Dothi la masamba, peat ndi mchenga malinga ndi 2: 2: 1. Zowonjezera monga sphagnum, khungwa la paini lophwanyidwa, dothi la coco, zidutswa zamakala zimapangitsa kuti nthaka ikhale ndi mchere. Malo ogulika sangakhale oyenera calathea; mchenga wowuma uyenera kuwonjezedwamo kuti amasulidwe.

Feteleza ndi feteleza

Kwa calathea, chisamaliro cha kunyumba chikuyenera kuyendera limodzi ndi kusintha kwasintha kwakanthawi m'nthaka. Feteleza zachilengedwe ndizopindulitsa, koma zochulukirapo zamchere zimatha kuvulaza duwa. Kuvala kwapamwamba kumachitika ndi mankhwala amadzimadzi mu theka la mlingo womwe wopangira amapanga.

Pafupipafupi njira ndi 1 nthawi 2 milungu.

Kuphatikiza calathea

Zomwe zimapangidwa pafupipafupi ndizovulaza ndipo zimakhala zovuta kuvomereza. Duwa laling'ono liyenera kusinthidwa pachaka ku poto yatsopano, yoyenera kwambiri muzu wazomera.

Poika, osachotsa dothi kuti lisachotse mizu kuti muwonongeke, koma litumizireni ku chidebe chatsopano ndi chotengera cha dothi. Onetsetsani kuti mukumanga mphikawo ndi wosanjikiza madzi kuti muchotse chinyezi. Chomera chachikulu chimabzulidwa zaka 2-4 zilizonse, kutengera mtundu wa kukula.

Kudulira

Masamba a calathea amawadulira ngati ali ouma kwathunthu. Mbewu ikaikidwa ndikufalitsa mwakugawa, mbali zonse zouma komanso zodwala zimachotsedwa kuthengo.

Kodi ndizotheka kusiya calathea osachoka patchuthi?

Kukhazikika kwa chisamaliro kwa nthawi yayitali kumatha kuvulaza thanzi la mbewuyo, chifukwa chake imfa. Kalatea sangathe kuthiriridwa "m'malo osungira" - chinyezi chochulukirapo chidzatsogolera kuvunda kwa mizu. Kusowa chinyezi kumavuliranso maluwa. Ngati kulibe kwa omwe akukhalapo pakadutsa masiku 3-5, mbewuyo itha kupirira. Koma kukhala nthawi yayitali osasamala sikovomerezeka.

Kuchulukitsa kwa calathea

Pali njira zitatu zokulitsira mbewu: magawano, kudula ndi mbewu.

Kufalitsa kwa calathea pogawa chitsamba

Nthawi zambiri, kalatea amafalitsidwa pogawa chitsamba - iyi ndi njira yabwino kwambiri, zomwe zimathandiza kuti mmera usinthe mwachangu ndikuyamba kukula. Zomera zathanzi komanso zazikulu zokha zomwe ndizoyenera kugawa.

Tchire limasanjidwa ndi dzanja kotero kuti gawo lirilonse limakhala ndi masamba 2-3 ndi mizu ingapo yapamwamba. Kuchepetsa kochulukirapo kumazika mizu kwambiri ndipo kumatha kufa.

Mmera umamizidwa munthaka yowuma kuchokera ku peat ndi mchenga, kumtunda kumakutidwa ndi thumba la pulasitiki, ndikusunga chinyontho chambiri pansi pake. Pamene kukula ndi mawonekedwe a masamba atsopano akuonekera, mbewuyo imasinthidwa kukhala yokhazikika.

Kufalikira kwa calathea ndi odulidwa

Kwa calathea, kufalitsa mabulidwe odula kumapezeka. Pankhaniyi, tsinde lomwe limakhala ndi kutalika kwa 15 cm limayenera kukhala ndi malo okukula ndi masamba 3-4. Tsinde libzalidwa munthaka ya peat ndi mchenga.

Mphika umasiyidwa pamalo otentha komanso otentha kwambiri mpaka mizu yodulidwa.

Kukula Kalatiya Mbewu

Njira yodziwika kwambiri yofalitsira matenda a calathea ndi mbewu. Amayikidwa pamasabata angapo pansi pamtunda, ndikukanikizidwa pansi pang'ono, ndikuti apange wowonjezera kutentha, amaphimbidwa ndi galasi pamwamba. Pambuyo kumera, azithiridwa ndi dothi 1 cm.

Zikamera zikamera, muyenera kuyamba kupumira: chotsani galasi kwa mphindi 30. Ngati mbewuzo zafika pamtunda wa 2-3 masentimita, ndiye nthawi yakwanira kuziwunjika mumiphika yosiyanasiyana ndikuwasamalira monga mwa nthawi zonse.

Matenda ndi Tizilombo

Masamba a calathea amasanduka achikasu. Chithunzi

Calathea amadwala, koma kuti musunge chomera, muyenera kudziwa zizindikiro ndi zomwe zimachitika:

nsonga zamasamba zimasanduka zofiirira - mpweya wouma kwambiri;
Calathea amasiya kuwinduka - mpweya wouma kwambiri;
masamba oma calatheas - mpweya wambiri panthawi yotentha;
Kalipa amasiya kupindika - kuyatsa kwambiri;
matuwa oyera-achikasu adawonekera pamasamba - kuyatsa kwambiri;
masamba adakutidwa ndi mawanga amdima - chinyezi chambiri cha nthaka;
Masamba ambiri - kuyatsa kosakwanira;
mawanga a bulauni pamasamba calatheas - kutentha kwa dzuwa;
tsamba louma la bulauni - kuthirira kosasamba, madzi olimba, mpweya wouma;
masamba a calathea adayamba kukhala oopsa - mpweya wozizira kapena kusintha kwa kutentha.

Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti boma la calathea liwonongeke limatha kukhala tizirombo. Ndizotheka kugwidwa ndi kangaude - mdani wake wowopsa, komanso mealybug, scutellum ndi whitefly.

Mitundu ya calathea yakunyumba yokhala ndi zithunzi ndi mayina

Nawa oimira otchuka a calathea. Amasinthasintha mosavuta ndikukhala mu nyumba yokhala mumzinda kuposa ena.

Saffron calathea, croqueta

Imakhala ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira, ofiira ofiirira pansi. Pa mapesi atali, mawonekedwe owala a lalanje.

Kalaza wopaka utoto

Masamba Oval amatha mpaka 20 cm, pakati ali ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino amizeremizere ndi zobiriwira zakuda, zokutidwa m'mphepete ndi mawonekedwe oyera kapena apinki.

Makoya

Chitsamba chobowola ndi masamba opaka - ovali amdima ndi mizere yopyapyala amakongoletsa kuwala kobiriwira. Gawo lotsika ndi burgundy. Amaluwa ndi inflorescence wofiirira.

Calathea milozo

Zime zolimba zowongoka zimakula mpaka 40-60 cm. Masamba akuluakulu oblong amapezekanso masentimita 40. Mtundu wawo ndi wobiriwira wakuda, wokhala ndi mikwingwirima m'malo onse.