Jatropha - kubzala, kukulitsa ndi kusamalira kunyumba, mitundu yazithunzi

Jatropha (Jatropha) - chitsamba chovomerezeka kuchokera ku banja la Euphorbiaceae. Mu vivo, ndizofala kumapiri kwamiyala ku Central America ndi Africa, ndipo kwawo kwa Jatropha ndi Zilumba za Caribbean. Chomera chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma hedges, parks parks.

Ndi chisamaliro chabwino, jatropha amatha kukhala ndi zaka zopitilira 15 ndikufika pa 0, 8 m. Amakula kwambiri, amakula 20 - 35 cm pachaka. Tsinde lalitali lignified la shrub lili ndi mawonekedwe osazungulira owoneka ngati mabotolo, amakulitsidwa kumunsi ndi kujambulitsa pamwamba. Chapakatikati, maluwa amayamba. Itha kukhala chilimwe chonse. Madzi a Jatropha milky ndi oopsa, ngakhale mitundu ina ya maluwa ili ndi machiritso.

Zothandiza zimatha jatropha

Zinthu zomwe sizinagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, pang'onopang'ono zimataya mtengo wake woyambirira, ndikusintha kukhala zinyalala. Kudzikundikira kwathunthu kumabweretsa kusasunthika kwa mphamvu. Kupanga mphamvu zabwino zamkati, zinyalala zimatsekereza njira zomwe zingakhale bwino, zikulepheretsa chitukuko.

Ndikosavuta kukhala mumlengalenga. Mikangano imakonda kuchitika kuno, ndipo thanzi limachepa. M'nyumba yomwe ikuwoneka ngati nyumba yosungiramo katundu, ndibwino kukhala ndi jatropha. Duwa limabwezeretsa kufalikira kwa mphamvu ndikuchiritsa kutuluka kwa mphamvu.

Kusamalira jatropha kunyumba. Mwachidule

Jatropha amakula bwino kunyumba, koma nthawi zina pamakhala zovuta zochepa mukamakulitsa. Ndikofunikira kudziwa zokonda za mtengowo ndikupanga malo abwino ake. Mulingo woyenera wa jatropha ndi:

Kusamalira jatropha kunyumba. Mwatsatanetsatane

Home jatropha - mbewu imagwirizana ndipo pafupifupi siyopanda phindu. Imasinthika kukhala moyo wamkati. Koma ntchito ya mwini wake ndikupanga duwa lomwe limakula bwino, mosangalatsa kuwonetsa kukongola kwake.

Maluwa a jatropha

Maluwa a Jatropha amayamba kumayambiriro kwa kasupe ndipo nthawi zina amapitilira mpaka nthawi yophukira. Nthawi yoyamba yomwe jatropha limamasula pafupifupi zaka ziwiri. Maluwa ang'onoang'ono a coral mpaka 10mm m'mimba mwake amasonkhanitsidwa mumaambule inflorescence. Nthawi zambiri zimawonekera pamaso pa masamba akuluakulu azithunzi.

Maambulera amatsegula pang'onopang'ono ndikuyimilira masiku angapo. Mu inflorescence imodzi, maluwa amphongo ndi amuna ali pafupi. Amayi amagwira kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo amuna - osapitilira tsiku, koma pambuyo pa thumba lotsekedwa amapanga watsopano. Maluwa a Jatropha alibe fungo. Zotsatira zamaluwa, zipatso zazipilitatu zimapangidwa zokhala ndi njere zowola zofiirira.

Njira yotentha

Mukakulitsa jatropha, ndikofunikira kuwona kutentha kwa boma. M'nyengo yozizira, kutsika kwa kutentha kwa + 15 ° C ndikololedwa. M'chilimwe, duwa limasungidwa + 18 - 23 ° C. Zololedwa pamoto wamba. Izi zimathandizira kulengedwa kwa nyengo nthawi yachisanu.

Ngati jatropha ayamba kugwa masamba, ndikofunikira kuchepetsa kutentha ndi madigiri 2 - 3. Chomera sichimakonda kukonzekera. Ngakhale m'chilimwe, samutengera kunja.

Kuwaza

Jatropha kunyumba amalekerera mpweya wouma nthawi zonse. Kudzanulira sikofunikira. Mukamasamalira chomera, nthawi zina pukutani masamba ndi nsalu yonyowa kuti muchotse fumbi.

Kuwala

Jatropha ndi chomera chowoneka bwino, chimakonda kuyatsa kowala. Ili pamawindo oyang'ana kum'mawa kapena kumadzulo, kuteteza kuchokera pakuwonekera mwachindunji ndi dzuwa. Ngati mawindo ayang'anizana ndi kumpoto, duwa limatha kuzolowera malo amthunzi. Koma nthawi ndi nthawi muyenera kuyatsa magetsi owunikira. Achichepere ndi jatropha, amatha kupitilirabe mthunzi. Chapakatikati, amaphunzitsa kuwonjezera maola a masana pang'onopang'ono.

Kuthirira

Monga ma suppulents onse, jatropha ndi mbewu yopambana. Zimasunga chinyontho pansi pa tsinde lamphamvu. Chifukwa chake, kuthirira ndikofunikira. Pakati pa kuthirira, magawo a kumtunda ndi apakati a nthaka ayenera kuwuma. Kwa jatropha, kulemba madzi kumakhala kowopsa kuposa kuzolowera: Muzu wa chomera umayamba kuvunda ngakhale ndi chinyezi chaching'ono. Nthawi zambiri ndimamwetsa masiku 10 aliwonse m'chilimwe. Mu nthawi yophukira, ngati jatropha sanayambe kutaya masamba, amathiriridwa madzi patatha masiku atatu nthaka itapsa.

Masamba akachotsedwa, kuthirira kumayimitsidwa ndikumapangidwanso mchaka chokhacho ngati masamba atsopano akuwonekera. Gwiritsani ntchito madzi ofunda, osakhazikika. Kuchepetsa chinyezi kumayambitsa kuzungulira kwa tsinde, kugwa kwa masamba ndi kufa kwa jatropha.

Mphika wa Jatropha

Duwa la jatropha kunyumba limakula bwino ndipo limasangalatsa ngati mphika utasankhidwa bwino. Miphika ya jatropha imafunikira chotsika, chokwanira mokwanira komanso khola. Jatropha salekerera chinyontho, kotero 1/3 ya voliyumu ya thankiyo imatulutsidwa pansi pa matope, ngalawo zakuya ziyenera kukhala pansi.

Dothi la jatropha

Jatropha amakonda madzi osamasuka komanso mpweya wopezeka m'matumbo a acidity (pH 6, 5 - 7, 5). Mutha kugula dothi losakanizika ndi mankhwala osakanikira kapena kukonza dothi la jatropha posakaniza dothi la peat, peat, dothi lamasamba, vermiculite, perlite (magawo awiri a nthaka yamtenga amatenga gawo limodzi pazinthu zotsalira).

Kupangitsa kuti madzi akumwa a gawo lapansi, khungwa la njerwa awonjezerapo.

Feteleza ndi feteleza

Kuthira manyowa ndi umuna kumathandizira kuti chomera chitha kudzaza kuchepa kwa michere, imawoneka yosangalala komanso yokongola. Kusamalira jatropha kunyumba sizitanthauza kuvala kwapafupipafupi. M'nyengo yozizira, kudyetsa nkoletsedwa. Chomera chimagwilitsidwa umuna nthawi ya kukula kwambiri (kuyambira pa Marichi mpaka pakati pa Okutobala) kamodzi pakadutsa masiku 30.

Wopanga madzi onse feteleza wa cacti, wowonjezera pakati, amamuthira madzi othirira. Kuvala kwapamwamba kumachitika madzulo kapena kwamvula.

Kupatsidwa kwa Jatropha

Kupatsidwa kwa Jatropha kumachitika pambuyo pa zaka 2, 5. Pakati pa Marichi - Epulo, mbewuyo imabwezedwanso m'chidebe chatsopano. Pakadutsa, chotupa chomwe chimakhala pamizu chimasungidwa kwambiri, ndiye kuti mbewuyo imapanikizika kwambiri poyerekeza ndi kufalikira kwachizolowezi.

Dongo lomwe limakulirakulira limathiridwa pansi pa mphika wosaya kwambiri ndi gawo lapansi momwe mbewuyo imayikidwapo ndikukutidwa ndi gawo latsalalo, ndikuyiphatikiza mozungulira mizu kuti pasapezeke mpweya. Ndikofunika kuti isakuze malo okukula, apo ayi jatropha sakhazikika. Mbewuyi imathiriridwa bwino komanso kuyilitsidwa. M'masabata awiri ndizotheka kumudyetsa.

Momwe mungalime jatropha

Kuchepetsa nsonga kumatha kudzetsa nthambi. Koma pa jatropha, kumtunda sikumadulidwa kwenikweni kuti usasokoneze mawonekedwe oyambirira a duwa. Potere, kudulira kumagwiritsidwa ntchito mwaukhondo kuchotsa masamba achikasu ndi owonongeka.

Nthawi yopuma ya Jatropha

Nthawi yopumula ya jatropha imagwera nthawi yozizira. Pakadali pano, duwa limasungidwa kutentha wamba, osasunthika kuwunikira wamba. Osadyetsa komanso osamwetsa madzi.

Kodi ndizotheka kusiya jatropha osachoka patchuthi?

Jatropha imalekerera kusowa kwa omwe amakhala, makamaka tchuthi ikagwa nthawi yozizira. Mutha kusiya modekha: nthawi yozizira, duwa limapuma. Asanachoke, mbewuyo sinakhale madzi ngakhale. Ngati mukufuna kupita kutchuthi kwa masabata awiri mchilimwe, duwa limathiridwa madzi bwino musananyamuke ndikuyika malo otetezedwa ku dzuwa ndikuwongolera dzuwa.

Popeza kulibe nthawi yayitali chilimwe, mudzayenera kufunsa achibale kuti azisamalira duwa.

Kuswana kwa Jatropha

Kubalalika kwa Jatropha kunyumba kumachitika ndi kudula kwapang'onopang'ono ndi mbewu.

Kukula kwa jatropha kuchokera ku mbewu

Kukula kumakhala kovuta chifukwa ndizovuta kupeza mbewu zatsopano: zimataya kumera pakatha miyezi iwiri itatha kukolola.

• Bzalani kwambiri panthaka yonyowa.
• Valani ndi filimu kapena galasi ndikusiya ku + 23 ° C.
• Pogona amachotsa kuti mpweya wabwino ndi kuthirira mbande.
• Mphukira zoyambirira nthawi zambiri zimawonekera patatha milungu iwiri.
• Patatha masiku angapo amadziloŵetsa m'midzi ingamo.
• Zomera zimakula mwachangu. Masamba achichepere amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, mu 1, zaka 5 adzagawanika. Pang'onopang'ono, thunthu limayamba kukula.

Kufalikira kwa Jatropha ndi odulidwa

Kufalitsa ndi kudula ndikosavuta. Mizu yodula apulo, kutalika kwake mpaka 15 cm, imakhazikika.

• Potseguka, chilondacho chimaphwa mpaka madzi atha kutuluka.
• Wodula umayikidwa mu yankho la chosangalatsa cha mapangidwe a mizu.
• Amabzalidwe pansi ndikumakutidwa ndi thumba la pulasitiki kapena botolo la pulasitiki lodula (mabowo amapangidwa kumalo osungirako kuti mbande "zipume").
• Kutentha kwa + 27 ° C, mizu yake imawonekera pafupi mwezi.
• Pobisalira chimachotsedwa ndipo chomera chija chimasanjidwamo.
• Zidula zimadulidwa ndikuvala magolovu kuti mutetetse madzi owopsa kuti asagwere.

Njira zonsezi zoberekera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito masika. Mukamasankha njira, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti pali mtunda wautali kuchokera pambewu kupita pamtunda, ndipo chomera chomwe chingayambitsidwe chimatha kukhala chosiyana kwambiri ndi nthawi ya mayi.

Matenda ndi Tizilombo

Jatropha ndi chomera cholimba, koma nthawi zina chimakhudzidwa ndi matenda ndi tizirombo. Nthawi zambiri chisamaliro chosayenera chimayambitsa mavuto awa:

• jatropha achoka - chinyezi chambiri (sinthani kuthirira);
• Masamba a jatropha akupukusika - kusowa kwa kuwala (kukonzanso m'malo owala);
• masamba ang'ono achomera ndi ochepa kwambiri - kuchepa kwa michere (chakudya);
• masamba akumunsi a jatropha amatembenuka chikasu ndikugwa - ndondomeko zachilengedwe (ndikofunikira kuchotsa masamba owonongeka mu nthawi);
• mizu yaat - chinyezi chambiri; madzi ozizira amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthirira (kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amatengedwa; kuthirira; madzi ofunda);
• Masamba a jatropha amatembenuka chikasu ndikugwa - Kuukira kwa kangaude (tizilombo timatsuka ndi madzi ofunda, duwa limachiritsidwa ndi tizirombo);
• maluwa amagwa - kuwonongeka kwa jatropha mwa kuponyera (kuchapa mosamala ndi tizirombo kuchokera ku mphukira ndi masamba a tizilombo, ndiye kuti chomera ndi chomera);
• jatropha adayamba kukula pang'onopang'ono - overfeeding wa chomera (feteleza umagwiritsidwa ntchito mu madzi osokoneza, ndipo mu dothi lonyowa).

Nthawi zina jatropha amakhudzidwa ndi nthomba, zopondera, nthata za akangaude, mealybugs, ndi tizilombo tambiri.

Mitundu ya jatropha yakunyumba yokhala ndi zithunzi ndi mayina

Pafupifupi mitundu 150 ya jatropha imadziwika. Kunyumba, ena a iwo amalimidwa.

Gout Jatropha (Jatropha podagrica)

Bzalani kutalika mpaka mita 1. Tsinde lonenepa limawoneka ngati amphora. Masamba amawoneka mochedwa kuposa maluwa ndipo amakhala ndi magawo 5 ozunguliridwa okhala ndi malekezero ena. Dawo lonse la tsamba lofika mpaka masentimita 20. Masamba achinyamata ndi obiriwira wonyezimira. Pambuyo pake amada, kutaya chisilira. Gawo lamunsi la masamba ndi petiole ndi laimvi. Maluwa ang'onoang'ono oyera a coral amasonkhanitsidwa mu inflorescence - maambulera. Zida zimayamba pang'onopang'ono. Maluwa amakhala mwezi.

Jatropha Wotulutsidwa (Jatropha multifida)

Kutalika kumatha kufika mamita 2.5. Masamba amtunduwu ndi wobiriwira wakuda ndi utoto wonyezimira (pakati ndi wowala kuposa m'mphepete). Masamba akulu (mpaka 25 cm) amagawidwa m'mabowo 6 -11. Paubwana, chitsamba chimawoneka ngati kanjedza. Maluwa ataliatali okhala ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono a coral amatuluka pamwamba pa masamba.

Jatropha Berlandieri (Jatropha cathartica) Jatropha berlandieri (Jatropha cathartica)

Chitsamba chotsika. Kutalika kwa tsinde ndi pafupifupi masentimita 35. Makulidwe apansi a tsinde ndi 15 - 25. Masamba obiriwira amtundu wakuda amaoneka amtundu wamtambo komanso ang'onoang'ono am'mphepete m'mphepete. Ma loores inflorescence amakhala ndi maluwa owala a pinki.

Jatropha ndi chomera choyamika. Potengera chisamaliro choyambirira, apereka maluwa ochepa, kuwulula maambulera owala pamiyala yachilendo.