Gerbera

Gerbera (Gerbera) - chomera cha banja la aster, pafupifupi theka la mita kutalika ndi maluwa okongola ambiri amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Malo omwe gerbera ndi South Africa, komanso chilumba cha Madagascar. Chitsamba chosatha ichi chokhala ndi kukula kwapakatikati chikukula monga zokongoletsera zokongoletsera mkati, kuphatikizanso kudula.

Maluwa akuluakulu a gerbera okhala ndi basiketi amatha kukhala opanda matalala komanso osalala, okhala ndi maziko oyera kapena amdima. Kutalika kwakukulu kwa maluwa ndi miyezi iwiri. Kutalika kwa maluwa sikupitilira zaka zitatu.

Tchera khutu ku mbewu za Jacobinia ndi Gloriosa.

Zothandiza katundu

Gerbera - awa ndi maluwa okongola onunkhira bwino, zomwe kunyumba sizingavulaze ngakhale odwala omwe ali ndi ziwengo kapena mphumu. Duwa ili limayeretsa mpweya pobisika lomwe limasefa mpweya pazinthu zoyipa. Kuphatikiza apo, malo othandizira a gerbera ndi kuthekera kosunga mawonekedwe okongoletsa a maluwa pafupifupi mwezi umodzi.

Chisamaliro Cha Basic Gerbera

Gerbera kunyumba imazika mizu msanga ndipo sabweretsa mavuto ambiri, ngati mumatsatira mfundo zazikulu za chisamaliro chamaluwa, chomwe ndi:

Gerbera amasamalira kunyumba

Mtengowo ukatha, mbewuyo imapatsidwa mwayi wokhala pafupifupi milungu iwiri. Nthawi zambiri, kachilombo kamene kamapezeka maluwa kamafa maluwa, chifukwa nthawi zambiri maluwawo amazolowera kutentha, komwe kumapereka nyengo yabwino ndikuwunikira kwa maola osachepera 12 patsiku. Ndipo atangogula, duwa la gerbera kunyumba silingathe kukhala malo atsopano, ndipo chifukwa chake, mbewuyo imangotulutsa masamba popanda inflorescence, kapena kufa.

Koma mutha kuyesa kupulumutsa gerbera wogula. Kuti muchite izi, masabata awiri mutatha kupeza, osadikira kuti maluwa atha, chomera chija chimasinthidwa ndikukhala mumphika wokhazikika ndikusintha dothi losakhalitsa.

Gerbera maluwa

Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, gerbera imatha kusangalatsa ndi maluwa kangapo pachaka. Pa chomera chimodzi nthawi yomweyo mitengo ya inflorescence ya 5-6 imatha kutulutsa, chofanana ndi camomile. Kutalika kwa maluwa kumakhala kwakukulu - masentimita 5, ndi miyala yamasiku onse, "terry" kapena singano. Mithunzi yosiyanasiyana ya gerbera imakupatsani mwayi wokongoletsa mwamtundu uliwonse wamkati ndi duwa. Kuphatikiza apo, ndi chisamaliro choyenera, mbewuyo imakhala yatsopano kwa mwezi umodzi.

Njira yotentha

Chofunikira kwambiri pa chisamaliro cha gerbera ndikusunga kutentha mu chirimwe komanso nthawi yozizira. Choyambirira, duwa siliyenera kuloledwa kupitilira apo, apo ayi chiwopsezocho chikuwonjezeka ndipo wina samadikira nthawi yamaluwa. Kutentha kwakukulu kovomerezeka m'chilimwe ndi madigiri 21.

M'nyengo yozizira, mbewuyo imatumizidwa kukapumira, kuchipinda kozizira ndi kutentha kosaposa 14 kuthekera ndi mpweya wabwino wambiri.

Kuwaza

Pathupi pa nyumba pafupifupi nthawi zonse amafunika kutsanuliridwa. M'nyengo yozizira, izi zimathandizira kupewa kuyanika kutulutsa maluwa chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito makina ofunda. M'nyengo yotentha, chinyezi chimatuluka msanga kuchokera panthaka komanso pamtengowo, chifukwa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumathandizira kuti musasunthike bwino, kupewa kufota ndi masamba, zomwe zingatheke ngati mungayende kwambiri.

Pakapopera, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mfuti yothira ndi kupopera bwino. Madontho akulu omwe amagwera mwachindunji pamaluwa padzuwa amatha kuyambitsa mawanga.

Kuwala kwa Gerbera

Kuwala kwam'mawa kapena kwamadzulo kudzathandiza kuti gerbera imve bwino nthawi iliyonse pachaka. Ndikwabwino kusalowetsa m'malo mwa cheza cha masana, kuonjezera apo ndikuwotcha ndikuwotcha kumatsimikizika, komwe kungowononga duwa.

Mu mitambo, nyengo yozizira, tikulimbikitsidwa kulinganiza chithandizo china cha gerbera. Pokhapokha ngati mutachita izi, mutha kudalira kuti duwa lidzakhala zoposa chaka chimodzi.

Kuthirira

Kutsirira pang'ono ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakukula kwa gerbera. Ngakhale nyengo yotentha, mutha kusefukira pamalowo, popeza kuthina kwamadzi kumata kumayambitsa kuzungulira kwa mizu kapena kuwonekera kwa matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi. Malamulo oyenera kuthirira maluwa:

• topsoil sayenera kuuma kwambiri kuposa 2-3 cm
• nyengo yozizira, kuthirira kuyenera kuchepetsedwa, lamulo limagwira pano - ndibwino kuti muchepetse pang'ono kuposa kuti mufikire zochuluka
• gwiritsani ntchito otchinga kapena osungunuka, komanso madzi amvula
• ngati kuthirira madzi ochulukirapo kwatunjikira poto - iyenera kuthiridwa.

Dothi

Kwa gerbera, dothi lililonse lotayirira ndilabwino. Mwachitsanzo:

• acid azalea nthaka;
• peat ndi perlite, gawo limodzi lirilonse;
• dothi lachilengedwe lokongoletsa-maluwa ndi kuphatikizika kwa vermiculite;
• gawo lapansi la peat, mchenga ndi dothi la pepala ndi chiyerekezo cha 1: 1: 2

Mosasamala kanthu momwe nthaka ingapangidwire, danga lopopera limapangidwanso - kuchokera ku dongo lokulitsa, mwala wopukutira kapena miyala ing'onoing'ono.

Feteleza ndi feteleza

Kuti zikule bwino, duwa lililonse la m'nyumba limafunikira zina zina, kuphatikiza ndi gerbera. Kusamalira pakhomo kumaphatikizapo kuvala chomera nthawi zonse, chomwe chimachitika miyezi iwiri kuchokera pakubzala ndipo pambuyo pake masiku khumi. Pa nthawi ya kukula kwamasamba, duwa limafuna feteleza wokhala ndi nayitrogeni. Mtengowo ukayamba kulimba, michere yam'mera ndiyofunikira pazomera zamaluwa, zomwe zimakhala zokwanira, ngakhale mutagwiritsa ntchito theka la mlingo woyenera.

Thirani

Kugulitsa m'nyumba gerberas nthawi zambiri zochitidwa ndi njira yodutsa, ngati iyi si njira yoyamba pambuyo pa sitolo. Dulani dothi liyenera kusinthidwa kwathunthu, chifukwa lilibe zinthu zofunikira pamalowo, koma lili ndi zokonzekeretsa zoteteza mawonekedwe. Chifukwa chake, poyambika woyamba pambuyo pa sitolo, dothi louma la duwa liyenera kukhala lonyowa pang'ono, mbewuyo iyenera kuchotsedwa mosamala, mizu ichotsedwe pansi ndikuchotsa disinos panjira yothira mafangayi. Kenako amaikidwa mumphika watsopano komanso dothi lokonzedwa bwino.

Pofalikira munyumba yotsatira, mtanda wa dothi wokhala ndi chomera ukakwanira kusunthira mumphika watsopano osakhudza mizu, ndikudzaza kapu yamaluwa ndikusowa kwa dothi latsopano. Chofunikira kwambiri ndikuti pamene gerbera idakulidwa, khosi lake la mizu limasiyidwa masentimita 2-3 pamwamba pamtunda, kuti popewe kufalikira kwa mafangasi.

Nthawi yopumula

Gerbera kunyumba limamasulira osati nthawi zonse mofunitsitsa. Kuti maluwa azikhala nthawi zonse, ndikofunikira kupatsa mbewu yake nthawi yozizira. Ndiye kuti chotsani ma inflorescence osasamba ndi masamba, kuyikidwa pamalo abwino ndi kutentha pafupifupi madigiri 12, mpweya wabwino mchipindacho ndikukhalabe wonyowa dothi lolimba. Pafupi kuphukira, duwa limayikidwa pamalo otentha dzuwa, ngati kuli kotheka, mutha kukonza mini-greenhouse.

Kufalitsa kwa Gerbera

Imachitika makamaka m'njira ziwiri:

1. Kubalana ndi njira. Mu mawonekedwe awa, phesi yokhala ndi masamba ndi mizu imagwiritsidwa ntchito, yomwe, itangopatukana ndi chomera chachikulu, imabzalidwa m'nthaka ya peat ndikuwonjezera kwa mchenga. Kuti muchepetse izi, tikulimbikitsidwa kukonza nyengo yanyengo yobiriwira - kuphimba tumphuka ndi thumba ndi malo pamalo otentha, otentha. Mutatha kuphukira - mutha kumadzaza ndi dothi wamba.
2. Kukula gerbera kuchokera kwa mbewu. Posankha njirayi, muyenera kukhala okonzekera kuti mudzadikira zotsatira nthawi yayitali. Maluwa oyambilira a gerbera wotere amapezeka pafupifupi chaka. Choyamba, mbewu zobzala zimabzalidwa mu dothi lonyowa mu makaseti apadera a mmera. Kenako amawazidwa ndi mchenga, kuwaza ndi kuyikamo wowonjezera kutentha. Pakatha sabata kapena awiri, mphukira zoyambirira ziyenera kuwonetsedwa. Pambuyo kuwonekera masamba atatu, iwo amatola. Monga lamulo, mbewu zokha kuchokera ku sitolo zimamera bwino, mosiyana ndi zomwe zimapezeka kunyumba.

Matenda ndi Tizilombo

Ganizirani zomwe zimayambitsa matenda opezeka pachomera:

• mawanga amdima pamasamba gerberas amawonetsa mawonekedwe a matenda oyamba ndi fungus;
• masamba amakhala bulauni ndi kugonjetsedwa kwa vuto lakumapeto, komwe kumachitika ndi gawo lowonda kwambiri, kuthirira yambiri;
• nkhungu yoyera pamasamba - ichi sichinthu china kuposa powdery mildew kapena fizariosis - mafangasi osiyanasiyana;
• Mitsempha yamasamba imasanduka chikaso ndi chlorosis - matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa chosowa chitsulo;
• masamba amasandulika akuda gerberas mu chipinda chokhala ndi chinyezi chambiri, komanso kuthirira kwambiri ndi madzi ozizira.
• tsamba louma ndi chinyezi chosakwanira cha duwa, kapena kuphatikiza feteleza zigawo zina;
• mizu yoola chifukwa cha kuthilira kwambiri komanso kuthirira.
• sichimatulutsa m'malo osowa dzuwa, komanso osapuma nyengo yanthawi yozizira.

Matenda ena a gerbera amatha chifukwa cha tiziromboti - mphutsi za ufa, nthata za akangaude kapena zovala zoyera.

Mitundu ya gerbera yokhala ndi zithunzi ndi mayina

Gerber Jameson

Limamasula kwambiri pachaka, mpaka kutalika kwa masentimita 60. Lili ndi maluwa akuluakulu a chamomile ndipo limaphuka masentimita 10-15. Nthawi zambiri limakhala loyera, kirimu, pinki, rasipiberi, lofiira ndi wachikasu.

Gerbera Mini

Gerberas zoterezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu maluwa a maluwa, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa maluwa ndi kukula kwake kwamitundu yayitali: inflorescence yokhala ndi mainchesi osaposa 5-7 cm, tsinde kutalika mpaka masentimita 30. Maluwa awa nthawi zambiri amawagulitsa kunyumba ngati mbewu zowira.

Mitundu ya Gerbera

Pakadali pano mitundu yoposa 70 ya gerbera imaberekedwa, iliyonse yomwe imakhala ndi mtundu wake. Zodziwika kwambiri ndi:

• Orange gerbera. Izi ndi mitundu: "Orangina", "wokoma Caroline", "Wokoma Wokoma"

  "Orangina", "wokoma Caroline", "Wokoma Wokoma"

ndi pakati mandimu ndi ndimu mosiyanasiyana madimbidwe a pamakhala.

• Anzeru apinki. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ndi iyi: "Jasmina" wokhala ndi zigamba zoyera komanso chikasu chachikasu, "Sweet Surprise" wokhala ndi malo a lalanje, "Pam" - maziko a bulauni omwe adapangidwa ndi miyala yoyera ya pinki.

  "Jasmina", "Zodabwitsa Zosangalatsa", "Pam"

• Ma gerberas ofiira. Zosaiwalika kwambiri: "Glow Lokoma" - mthunzi wa njerwa wamaluwa, "Rachel" - miyala yofiirira pophatikizana ndi malo obiriwira, "Sophie" - inflorescence ya pinki yokhala ndi maziko owala.

  "Wokoma Wokoma", "Rachel", "Sophie"

• White Gerberas. Zina mwa izo ndizotchuka kwambiri: "Valerie" - mchenga wama kirimu wokhala ndi pinki undertones, "Catherine" - pamakhala mawonekedwe a singano ndi malo achikasu, "Sylvana" - kunja kwenikweni kutsatsa inflorescences chamomile.

  "Valerie", "Catherine", "Sylvana"