Akebia ndi chomera chapamwamba chomwe chimakhala ndi ma inflorescence okongola. Liana wokwawa uyu amakhala ku East Asia, nyengo yotentha ya China, Korea ndi Japan. Amamera bwino ku Crimea, ku Caucasus komanso kumwera kwa Europe. Ngakhale chomera sichidalandiridwe kufalikira, chimasiyana muunyinji wazinthu zofunikira, chifukwa chake, chimayenera kuyang'aniridwa mwapadera.
Kufotokozera
Akebia ndi wa banja la Lardizobalov. Chomera chosatha ichi nyengo yotentha imatha kukhalabe yobiriwira. Tsinde losalala mchaka choyamba limapaka utoto ndi pinki, koma limakhala lofiirira kapena lofiirira pomwe limayamba kukhazikika. Gawo la mtanda wa tsinde ndi lozungulira; limakutidwa ndi masamba osapezekapo wamba kwa petioles. Liana pachaka limachulukira kutalika, kukula kwa pachaka kumayambira 1 mpaka 3. Kukula kwa 3-6 m kumawerengedwa kuti ndi koyenera. Kuphatikiza apo, mizu imakhala yolimba kwambiri (ndipo imafunikira kufalikira), ndipo maziko a tsinde ndi osagwira ntchito.
Masamba okhala ndi masamba atatu kapena asanu osanjika mu rosette amakhazikitsidwa padera lotalika masentimita 6 mpaka 10. Madyera ndi owala - amdima kuchokera pamwamba, opepuka kuyambira pansi. Pamwamba pa pepalalo papalacho panali gloss. Tsamba lopatula limakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira ndi m'mphepete mwake. Kutalika kwa pepalali ndi 3-5 cm, ndipo m'lifupi ndi 1.5-3 cm.
Pakati pa kasupe, liana limamasula ndikupitilira mpaka nthawi yotentha. Pakadali pano, mundawu umadzazidwa ndi chokoleti chosangalatsa komanso fungo la khofi, pomwe mbewuyo idalandira dzina lachiwiri "chokoleti cha liana". Duwa lirilonse limakhala ndi chipinda choyambira, koma zonse zimatoleredwa m'matumba akuluakulu. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti pamtengo umodzi wamaluwa osiyana-siyana amapangidwa:
- Zachimuna Amapezeka pafupi ndi tsinde mu kuchuluka kwa zidutswa za 4-9 pa inflorescence. Mphukira zake ndizazikulupo, zofiirira-zapinki, zokhala ndi zithupsa zamasamu. Pakatikati pa duwa limafika 3 cm.
- Zachikazi Chocheperako, chofiirira. Pa inflorescence imodzi, ndi maluwa awiri okha omwe amapangidwa ndi ovomerezeka mkati mwake.
Mu Seputembala, zipatso zimayamba kuwoneka bwino mpaka pakati pa Okutobala. Kubala kumakhala kochepa chifukwa chopukutira mungu. Mukakula khonde, sizingachitike. Chipatsochi ndi zipatso zazikuluzikulu mamita 6-8. Peel ndi gloss, ngati kuti yokutidwa ndi sera, ndi wandiweyani. Mtundu wa zipatso zakupsa ndi pinki. Kuguza kwake ndi kununkhira komanso yowutsa mudyo, kotheka. Imakoma ngati rasipiberi, ndipo imanunkhira ngati chokoleti. Pakati penipeni pali mbewu zazing'ono zakuda zomwe zimizidwa mu zamkati.
Zosiyanasiyana
Pali mitundu 6 mu mtundu wa Akebia, koma ndi mitundu iwiri yokha yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kulima. Wotchuka kwambiri anali akebia masamba asanu kapena kasanu. Ichi chimatchedwa kapangidwe ka tsamba, pomwe masamba asanu oikidwa adasanjika pachikhalapo chimodzi. Masamba ang'ono mpaka 5c cm ndi 3 cm mulifupi amapezeka pa phesi lalitali 10 cm kukula kwake.
Zosiyanasiyana zimafalikira padziko lonse lapansi ndipo masiku ano zimapezeka ku Australia ndi North America. Chitsamba chotere cha liana chimakhala ndi timitengo tautali tating'ono, timamera kutalika kuposa mamita 3. Chimakutidwa ndi maluwa kutalika konse, koma sichimabala zipatso kawirikawiri.
Maluwa apamwamba amakhala ndi burashi pamiyendo yopyapyala. Mphukira ili ndi miyala itatu yolimba, yopanda mawonekedwe. Maluwa aamuna ndi okulirapo, pinki kapena lilac, ndipo maluwa achikazi (ofiirira kapena a violet) ndi ochepa komanso amakhala kumapeto kwa inflorescence. Nthawi yamaluwa imayamba mwezi wa Epulo mpaka kumapeto kwa Ogasiti, zipatso zimayamba kumapeto kwa Seputembala.
Wachiwiri wodziwika bwino ndi akebia trefoil. Ali ndi timapepala tosalala tating'ono tokha pa petiole. Ma mbale opanda masamba ndi amtali, onyezimira, amdima pamwamba. Mphepete zamasamba ndizobowola, sizowerengeka. Mitundu yamtunduwu imakula mwachangu, kukula kwake ndi mamilimita 7-8. Kununkhira kwamaluwa kuphatikiza zolemba za khofi kumatulutsa kununkhira kwa sinamoni. Zipatsozi zimakwezedwa kwambiri (pafupifupi 8-9 masentimita), pomwe izi zosiyanasiyana zimatchedwa "nthochi ya buluu".
Kuswana
Akebia imafalitsidwa ndi mbewu ndi njira zamasamba. Mbewu zofesedwa mutakolola kuti zisataye kumera. Chitani ichi mu kugwa m'miphika yaying'ono ndi dothi lamchenga. Kuwombera kumawonekera palimodzi, koma osati mwachangu (mpaka miyezi itatu). Mbewu amazikika pang'ono mu dothi (mwa 5 mm) ndikuwazidwa ndi lapansi. Zombozo zimakutidwa ndi filimu kapena galasi ndikusungidwa m'chipinda chozizira. Kutentha kwenikweni kwa kumera ndi + 15 ° C. Mbewu zolimba zimasowetsedwa panja kumapeto kwa Meyi kapena koyambirira kwa June, pomwe ngozi yakuziziratu usiku itatha.
Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pofalikira pamitengo yamitengo yamatanda. Amadulidwa nthawi yonse yamasamba ndikuyiyika mu mchenga wa peat mumphika. Mundawu udzagulidwa chaka chotsatira.
Njira yosavuta kwambiri yoberekera imaganiziridwa kuti ndi zigawo. Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, mbali ya tsinde imakumbidwa, osasiyana ndi mbewu yayikulu. Ndikubwera kwa muzu, mphukira imadulidwa mumtengo wa mpesa wa mayi ndikuwobzala m'malo watsopano. Panyengo yozizira, wachinyamata wachinyamata amakhala wamphamvu mpaka nthawi yozizira.
Kukula
Pakufikira, amasankha malo owoneka bwino pamalowo. Potere, liana lidzasakanizidwa ndi maluwa ambiri, pomwe pamtunda pamakhala mphukira zobiriwira. Dothi liyenera kukhala lopepuka komanso lopopera. Pakubzala, kukumba dzenje losakungidwa, lomwe limakutidwa ndi michere (peat, udzu wouma, masamba ndi humus yaying'ono) posakanikirana ndi mchenga. Mutabzala, dziko lapansi limasunthidwa mosamalitsa ndikuthiriridwa ndi madzi ofunda. Kuthirira ndikofunikira pafupipafupi kuti mizu isafe.
Zimayambira za chomera chaching'ono ndizosinthika, chifukwa chake, zimafuna kuthandizidwa, achinyamata akuwombera kutsina. Akebia imafuna kuthirira pafupipafupi, koma salola madzi kusayenda. Munthawi ya kukula ndi maluwa, feteleza wachilengedwe ndi michere ayenera kuyikidwa pamwezi.
M'nyengo yozizira, liana limalekerera chisanu chaching'ono, makamaka kukhalapo chisanu. Kuteteza ku kuzizira ndi chinyezi chambiri, chomeracho chimakutidwa ndi agrofibre komanso filimu.
Chocolate liana ndi yoyenera kukula m'machubu ndi miphika. Zikatero, ziyenera kuloĊµedwa m'malo pachaka, kudzola mphika wokulirapo pamene ma rhizomes akukula. Tsinani pazitali kwambiri kapena kudula kasupe, masamba asanatseguke. Panthawi yopumira, kutentha kwa mbewuyo ndi + 10 ° C. Pakadali pano, kuvala pamwamba sikumachitika ndipo kuthirira kumachepetsedwa.
Pokhala tizilombo zachilengedwe, abodza samawopa majeremusi, komanso amateteza ku tizilombo toyambitsa khosi. Ngati mbewuyo ili pamalo achinyezi, zowola kapena nkhungu zimathanso kukhudzidwa. Potere, masamba okhala ndi zoyera mawanga ndi gawo la mphukira amayenera kudulidwa ndikuwotchedwa.
Gwiritsani ntchito
Akebia ndiyabwino kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokongoletsa malo, komanso kukongoletsa ma hedged, zomangira nyumba, zipilala ndi zotsekera. Mphukira zake zobiriwira zimapereka mthunzi wokondweretsa. Gwiritsani ntchito liana pakuwoneka masitepe ndi makonde. Chimawoneka chodabwitsa m'deralo la maluwa ndi udzu wokhala ndi udzu wokhala ndi masamba, komanso mipesa ina. Nthawi zambiri amabzalidwa m'makampani omwe ali ndi hydrangea, honeysuckle, hosta, chowawa, rhododendrons, peonies.
Kuphatikiza pa zokongoletsera, liana lapezanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwachuma. Kuchokera pamiyala yake yodutsa mabasiketi komanso mipando yamaluwa. Zipatso zokoma ndi yowutsa mudyo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pophika mchere, ndipo tiyi wopatsa mphamvu amapangidwa kuchokera kumasamba ndi pamakhala. Komanso masamba owuma amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zokometsera za nyama ndi nsomba. M'mankhwala am'mawa, diuretic, anti-yotupa, antipyretic ndi analgesic msuzi amapangidwa kuchokera ku acebia.
