Primula - chisamaliro chakunyumba, chithunzi

Primrose - herbaceous chomera cha Primrose (Primulaceae)yemwe kwawo ndi China. Mbewuyi imalimidwa ponseponse komanso monga chikhalidwe champhika chadzala m'nyumba.

Mitunduyi imaphatikiza mbewu zotsika (25-30 cm) ndi rosette yaying'ono yamasamba opukutidwa yokutidwa ndi villi yaying'ono. Kumayambiriro kwamasamba, chisanu chitasungunuka, kumapeto kwa mphukira zopanda masamba, masamba ophukira amakhala osakwatiwa kapena otengedwa mu genemose kapena maambulera inflorescence. Iliyonse imapangidwa ndi miyala 5 yoyesedwa pansi, yopaka utoto wofiirira, wachikasu kapena yoyera.

Oyimira ambiri ndi osatha komanso kukula kwapakatikati. Ena ndi azitsamba amtundu umodzi kapena pachaka.

Zothandiza katundu

Zigawo zonse za maluwa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati mankhwala achikhalidwe:

• decoctions amakonzedwa kuchokera masamba zochizira matenda kupuma;
• kulowetsedwa kuchokera ku mizu - expectorant, mkodzo wofewa ndi diaphoretic, kukulitsa katulutsidwe wam'mimba ndi kagayidwe.
• tiyi wopangidwa kuchokera ku inflorescences amalimbitsa dongosolo lamanjenje.

Masamba ang'onoang'ono a primrose amawonjezeredwa ku saladi ndi sopo, ndipo mizu yowuma imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zonunkhira.

Mawonekedwe a chisamaliro chakunyumba. Mwachidule

Primrose kunyumba ikufunika pa kutentha, kuyatsa, chinyezi, ndikufunika kusamalidwa.

Zambiri za primrose yomwe ikukula ndizochepa ndipo ndizotsimikizika ndi mphamvu zake zamasamba. Makamaka, zomwe zili munthawi yonse ya kukula kwamikhalidwe yachilengedwe.

Pambuyo maluwa, primrose imapumula, ndikuchepetsa mbewu. Kuti chomera chikhale cholimba, ndibwino kuti chiziwachotsa pamalo pomwepo. Mukugwa, duwa limabwezedwa kuchipinda.

Kusamalira primrose kunyumba. Mwatsatanetsatane

Kusamalira primrose yakunyumba ndikosavuta ndipo kumachitika pazochitika zamalonda: kuthirira, kuthira feteleza, kudulira ndikudzutsa.

Kubzala primrose

Kubzala ndi njira yofunika kwambiri pakukula primrose. Kukula kwina kwa mbewu kumatengera kulondola kwake.

Asanatsanulidwe, amakonzera chilichonse chomwe mungafune:

• Mphika wa primrose: sing'anga, mulifupi komanso osaya. Kusankha kukula kwambiri sikofunika: mtengowo udzaunikira zoyesayesa zake zonse pakukula kwa mizu kuti iwononge maluwa.
• Dothi loyambirira: logulidwa, ngati dothi losakanikira lopangidwa ndi maluwa oyambira maluwa kapena lokonzekera palokha masamba ndi wowonjezera kutentha lapansi ndi mchenga. Nthaka imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa majeremusi ndikutulutsa njira yapinki ya potaziyamu permanganate.

Tekinolo yodzala ndi yosavuta ndipo imakhala ndi zochitika zingapo zingapo:

1. Pansi pamphika, ngalande zimayikidwa ndi wosanjikiza wa 1.5-2 cm.
2. Nthaka imathiridwa pamadzi, osasamba 1-1,5 masentimita m'mphepete mwa thankiyo.
3. Pakatikati, recess imapangidwa ndi kukula kofanana ndi mizu ya mmera.
4. Mizu imayikidwa mu recess ndipo imakutidwa ndi dothi kuti khosi la mizu likhale pamwamba.
5. Dothi lozungulira mphukirawo limapangidwa pang'ono.

Zomera zobzalidwa zimathiriridwa mokwanira ndikuyika malo abwino, owala.

Maluwa

Mitundu yambiri ya primrose imadziwika ndi koyambirira (kuyambira Epulo kapena Meyi) komanso kutalika (miyezi iwiri) ya maluwa.

Komabe, pali mitundu yomwe imaphukira kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, mwachitsanzo, mu Epulo.

Mitundu yokonda kutentha imaphukira mu June.

Njira yotentha

M'nyengo yotentha, primrose imakhala bwino panyumba pamtunda wamba, koma nthawi yozizira, panthawi yopumula yofunikira, imafunika kuzizirira. Kupanda kutero, mbewuyo imakana kutulutsa.

Kuwaza

Primrose yakunyumba imagwirizana mosavuta ndi chinyezi momwe amakakamizidwira kukhalapo. Komabe, ndikakonzanso kwa nthawi yayitali mumlengalenga wouma, pamakhala chiwopsezo chachikulu chowonongeka ndi kangaude, motero zimakhala bwino ngati mpweya ndi wonyowa.

Kuti tichite izi, pakugwiritsa ntchito zida zotenthetsera komanso kutentha kwa chilimwe, chotengera chotseguka chamadzi chimayikidwa pafupi ndi duwa kapena potoyo imadzazidwa ndi dongo kapena madontho otentha.

Kuwala

Primrose ndiosangalatsa, koma salekerera dzuwa mwachindunji, motero, nthawi yotentha imafunikira mdima. Dzuwa lozizira silingavulaze maluwa, kuwonjezera apo, limafunikira.

Popeza kufunikira kwakukulu kwa kuwala kosasunthika, kumayikidwa pazenera za kum'mawa kapena kumadzulo.

Kuthirira

Primrose wamkati wam'nyumba amafunika kuthirira nthawi zonse. Kukula kwa chinyezi cha nthaka kumatsimikiziridwa ndi gawo la masamba azomera ndi kutentha kwa mpweya mkati:

• maluwa, dothi nthawi zambiri limasungunuka mukamadzaza (1-1.5 cm) pang'ono pouma pang'ono;
• pambuyo maluwa - pang'ono;
• m'nyengo yozizira, pamene chomera chimapuma - kawirikawiri, kulola kuyanika konse kwa dothi mpaka 3 cm;
• Ikasungidwa m'chipinda chofunda (20 ° C), chimathiriridwa madzi mokulira, koma salola madzi kusunthika osati mumphika, komanso poto.

Dothi limanyowetsedwa ndi madzi ofewa (osakhazikika bwino kapena osasankhidwa), kupewa kukhudzana ndi masamba ndi masamba.

Feteleza ndi feteleza

Simungathe kudyetsa panthawi yanthawi yogwira ntchito. Feteleza zimayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito kumapeto kwa maluwa, masiku onse a 7, 7, ndikupereka njira zothetsera zovuta zovuta zomwe zimakhala ndi 0,1% ammonium nitrate.

Ndi kukhudzika kwa duwa kuvala, mwachitsanzo, kusilira, chidwi cha mankhwalawa chimachepetsedwa ndi 1/3.

Thirani

Kusamalira primrose kumaphatikizapo kuphatikizira. Kukula kwa njirayi kumatengera zaka za maluwa:

• zoyerekeza zazing'ono zimasinthidwa chaka chilichonse kumapeto, kusinthiratu ndi dothi kukhala watsopano ndikusankha mphika wokulirapo;
• Zomera zaka zopitilira 3 zimasinthidwa kamodzi zaka zitatu zilizonse. Kukula kwake kumayikidwa m'malo mwa pokhapokha ngati primrose yakula kwambiri.

Zimachitika kuti duwa lifunika kumuika mosakonzekera. Zowonetsera pakukonzekera kwake ndi:

• mizu yotumphuka kudzera m'mabowo otulutsira madzi;
• kusokonekera kapena kuyeretsa nthaka;
• Kuwonongeka kwa mbewu chifukwa cha kuvunda kwa mizu.

Pambuyo povula, duwa limathiriridwa ndikuchita khungu kwa masiku 3-5. Kuyambiranso kwa masamba turgor ndi mtundu wawo wobiriwira ndi umboni wa mizu yopambana.

Kudulira

Primrose sayenera kukonzedwa motsatira chikhalidwe cha nthawi. Komabe, masamba ndi masamba ophukira ayenera kuchotsedwa munthawi yake, zomwe zimapulumutsa mphamvu zamaluwa ndipo ndi njira yabwino yopewera kukula kwa matenda ndi tizirombo.

Kuswana

Pafalitsidwe mosavuta mwachilengedwe, mothandizidwa ndi odulidwa. Njirayi imadziwika chifukwa cha kuphweka komanso ntchito yake yabwino.

Kufalikira kwa primrose ndi odulidwa

Zodulidwa zimachitika mu Meyi, mutatha maluwa, kulekanitsa tsamba la axillary ndi gawo la mphukira ndi Mphukira pansi pa tsamba. Ichi ndiye phesi. Yakhazikitsidwa mumipanda yosaya bwino yodzaza ndi gawo lapansi loyambira:

• pansipa - 2-2,5 masentimita a peat kapena tsamba lamasamba;
• Pamwambapa - 2 cm ya mchenga wowuma.

Zidutswa zobzalidwa mosabisalira, impso, mpaka 1 cm. Chotetezachi chimayikidwa pamalo osalala komanso opepuka (16-18 ° C), kumapangitsa kuti mchenga ukhale m'malo onyowa.

Pakatha miyezi itatu, mphukira zimamera kuchokera ku impso. Pambuyo pa masamba atatu atsopano, mbewu zazing'ono zimasungidwa m'mbale zokhala ndi mulifupi mwake wa 7-9 m, zodzazidwa ndi zosakaniza zadothi lapansi, humus ndi mchenga (4: 2: 1).

Maluwa oyambilira a primrose, omwe adakulidwa kuchokera kudulidwe, amabwera pafupifupi theka la chaka.

Kukula primrose kwa mbewu

Primrose imatha kudulidwa kuchokera ku mbewu zomwe zimatengedwa palokha kapena kugula m'sitolo.

Kubzala kumachitika mchilimwe, mu Epulo kapena Meyi, pogwiritsa ntchito mbale zazing'ono kapena mabokosi odzazidwa ndi masamba a mchenga.

Mbewu (0,5 g pachidebe chilichonse) zimagawanidwa moyenera padziko lapansi lonyowa kale, lokutidwa ndi zinthu zowoneka bwino, zopanda mpweya ndikuyikidwa pamalo owala, mwachitsanzo, pazenera. Pakatha masiku 10-12, mphukira zoyambirira ziyenera kuonekera.

Akabowola amakwiriridwa kawiri, kenako ndikumadzalidwa mumiphika yaying'ono (7-9 cm) yodzazidwa ndi zosakaniza ndi dothi lamchenga (2: 2: 1). Chidebe chikapanikizika, mbewuzo zimasinthidwa kumiphika yayikulu.

Maluwa oyambilira a primrose omwe amachokera ku mbewu amabwera miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.

Matenda ndi Tizilombo

The primrose imakhudzana ndi kuphwanya komwe kumangidwa ndikusamalidwa ndikusintha mawonekedwe ndi zomera:

• masamba amasanduka achikasu primrose - mpweya wouma kwambiri, wothiriridwa ndi madzi olimba, kusayenda kwa chinyezi, kuvala kwapamwamba pogwiritsa ntchito feteleza wapamwamba kwambiri;
• masamba amawola - kukonzanso kwa nthawi yayitali m'malo otentha kwambiri a mpweya ndi nthaka, kunyowa kwamasamba masamba nthawi yambiri;
• maluwa amasira msanga - ndi kouma kwambiri ndi kotentha (kupitirira 20 ° C).
• sichimatulutsa ngati mudakhala nthawi yachisanu m'chipinda chofunda (pamwamba pa 20 ° C).

Matenda otsala a primrose ndi chifukwa chogonjetsedwa kwa bowa omwe afowoka chifukwa chosamalira bwino mbewu.

1. Kuwaza malo: Kukula kwa matendawa kumakwiyitsa kuthirira kwambiri komanso masamba ochepa olowa masamba okhala ndi makulidwe kwambiri. Kupatsirana kumawonekera mwa kupangika kwa imvi mawanga pa maununa ndi masamba, omwe kenako amaphimbidwa ndi zolembera.
2. Ramulariosis imakula pomwe mbewuyo imasungidwa bwino ndikuthilira madzi ambiri. Amadziwika ndi mawonekedwe a masamba owongoka owala achikasu achikuda, omwe amachititsa khungu ndi zowola, zomwe zimayambitsa kufa kwa tsamba lonse, kenako chomera.

Matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi amaphatikizidwa ndikuchotsedwa kwakanthawi kwa magawo owonongeka ndi chithandizo chotsatira chobwereza chomera chonse pogwiritsa ntchito njira za Fundozol kapena Topsin.

Primrose imatha kuthana ndi tizirombo: nsabwe za m'masamba, tizilombo tambiri, kupindika, weevil, kangaude. Pazidziwitso zoyambirira zowonongeka, tizirombo touluka timawonongedwa ndi njira za anthu, muzochitika zapamwamba, mankhwala ogwiritsa ntchito.

Mitundu yanyumba ya primrose yokhala ndi zithunzi ndi mayina

Mitundu imalumikiza pafupifupi 500 mitundu yazomera. M'nyumba munkamera ena okha.

Primrose obconica kapena inic conic (Primula obconica)

Mtengo wa herbaceous (mpaka 60 cm) wokhala ndi zipatso zazitali zazitali (10 cm) zazitali zamtima wozungulira, wokhala ndi m'mphepete mwa wavy, mawonekedwe. Amamasuka, ndikupanga ma inflorescence ooneka ngati maambulera okhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana 3-4 masentimita, kuphatikiza fungo labwino.

Primrose malacoides kapena mallow-like (Primula malacoides)

Chitsamba chamtundu uliwonse mpaka 40-45 cm wamtali wokhala ndi waya wokulirapo wa chowongoka, wokhala ndi m'mphepete mwa masamba, masamba. Umayamba kutulutsa chakumapeto kwa yophukira, ndikupanga mitengo yayitali yokwanira 8 pachomera chimodzi, kutha mosalekeza kwamaluwa ataliatali, okhala ndi masamba angapo (mpaka 45) aang'ono (mainchesi mpaka 1.5 masentimita) amtundu wapinki, ofiira kapena oyera, omwe nthawi zambiri amadzala ndi mikwingwirima, chikasu pachimake.

Primula vulgaris kapena wamba (Primula vulgaris)

Imayimiriridwa ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha ma hybrids okhala ndi dongo lokhala ndi masamba owongoka otambalala, m'chigawo chapakati chomwe nthenga zouluka zimawoneka bwino. Limamasula kumayambiriro kwamasabata, masabata atatu, ndikupanga timiyala totsika tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono (2-4 cm) tating'ono tating'ono tofiirira, buluu, wofiirira, wachikaso ndi burgundy mithunzi. Mtunduwu umakonda kupiririka kuposa ena omwe amagulitsidwa ndikugulitsa ngati chikhalidwe champhika, komanso poyera.