Koleria - chisamaliro chakunyumba, mitundu ya zithunzi ndi mitundu

Koleria (Kohleria) - chomera chaudzu cha banja la Gesneriaceae Masamba okhala ndi masamba opindika komanso maluwa awiri kapena atatu.

Ichi ndi chokongoletsera chamkati chokhala ndi kutalika kwa osapitirira 30-50 masentimita, chodziwika ndi maluwa ochulukirapo, mithunzi yosiyanasiyana ya inflorescence ndi mtundu woyambirira wamasamba.

Malo omwe Koleria adabadwira kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa South America, mitundu yoposa 60 ya mitunduyi ilipobe. Kunyumba, mbewuyo imakhala yofooka pang'ono, koma imakondweretsa kukongola kwazaka zopitilira 3, kenako mtunduwo umafunika kukonzanso. Chifukwa chake, duwa limakhala nthawi yayitali ndipo limatengedwa kuti ndi losatha.

Onetsetsani kuti mwatchera khutu ku mbewu zabwino monga nematanthus komanso smitiant.

Zothandiza zimitundu

Koleria ndi duwa lotetezeka, lopanda poizoni komanso losasokoneza thupi, Imatha kuyeretsa mpweya wosayera, utsi, fumbi ndi mankhwala oopsa. Chomera chimakuta malo ozungulira ndi mpweya, chimakongoletsa ndi kuwongolera mpweya.

Chifukwa chake, chitha kuonedwa ngati njira yabwino yoyikiramo ana, m'chipinda chogona, khitchini.

Koleria: Zizindikiro

Kuphatikiza pa machitidwe ofunikira, kolerii imatanthauzira kuthekera kwachilendo kuteteza nyumba ndi okhalamo ku anthu opanda nzeru, malingaliro oyipa komanso kusasamala kwadziko.

Komanso, duwa amawoneka ngati chomera champhamvu chopatsa mphamvu chomwe chitha kukhala ndi mphamvu, kupatsa mphamvu, kukonza mkhalidwe wa munthu. Mulimonsemo, mawonekedwe a duwa lokha amakhala ndi malingaliro abwino komanso otonthoza.

Coleria: chisamaliro chakunyumba. Mwachidule

Koleria kunyumba ndi chomera chosasangalatsa kwambiri kotero kuti angasangalale wophukira aliyense. Mfundo zazikuluzikulu zosamalira maluwa:

Kusamalira utoto kunyumba. Mwatsatanetsatane

Pachimake

Koleria limamasula kwambiri komanso kwanthawi yayitali. - mpaka mochedwa kugwa. Dzinalo lachiwiri la maluwa - "belu la Colombia" ndiloyenera mokwanira kuwonekera kwa inflorescence mu mawonekedwe a machubu atali ndi ziphuphu zisanu kumapeto. Kuphatikiza pa utoto wolemera kuchokera ku suchsia yodzaza mpaka lilac, maluwa amtunduwo "adakongoletsedwa" ndi timawu tating'ono kapena mikwingwirima. Mitundu ya haibridi imatha kukhala ndi mthunzi wodabwitsa kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, mtundu wa tiger kapena mtundu wagolide.

Koleriya ndi abwino kukula bwino, amawoneka bwino popachika maluwa ndi maluwa. Kuti maluwa atukuke bwino, ndikokwanira kupatsa mbewuzo kuunikira pafupipafupi komanso muli ndi maluwa.

Njira yotentha

Koleriya yakunyumba ndi duwa la thermophilic lomwe limakula mosavomerezeka mchipinda wamba pa kutentha kwa 23-25 ​​ºС. Ndi kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yozizira, mmera umapita nthawi yachisanu pa 15 ºº. Koma pali mitundu yomwe imapatsirana ndi nthawi yopuma motero, ngakhale nthawi yozizira, imasunga nthawi zonse mndende.

Kuwaza

Koleria amafunikira chinyezi chachikulu, koma salola chinyezi pamasamba kapena maluwa. Ndiye kuti kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa si njira yabwino yosamalirira mbewu.

Kuti musunge chinyezi chofunikira mchipinda chokhala ndi utoto, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zapadera zanyumba. Kapena utsi kuchokera ku botolo lothira malo pafupi ndi duwa.

Kuwala

Chomera cha koleria panyumba chimakonda ngodya zopepuka, mawindo akumwera omwe ali ndi shading yochepa kwambiri kapena yowala ndi dzuwa. Chomera ndichosangalatsa kwambiri, koma chiyenera kutetezedwa kuti chisakanthe ndi cheza. M'nyengo yozizira, duwa limafunikira kuwunikira kowonjezera ndi nyali zosachepera maola 12 patsiku.

Kuthirira mtundu

Pakutha maluwa, kuthirira komwe kumachitika nthawi zambiri kumakonzedwa ngati chomera, koma pokhapokha pansi panthaka pouma pang'ono. Kuthirira kwamadzi kolimba kumavulaza duwa, monganso kusowa chinyezi. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kuthirira mtundu wa utoto mosamala, kupewa kuthira kwa madzi pachomera chokha.

Ngati njira ina yoyenera kuthirira - mutha kuthira manyowa kudzera poto, komanso kumasula nthawi ndi nthawi dothi. M'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira kumacheperachepera, kumangonyowetsa mtanda wa dothi pamizu.

Mphika wa utoto

Alimi odziwa bwino maluwa amalimbikitsa kusankha tinthu tating'onoting'ono totalika masentimita 20-25 kuti timere tambiri. Nthawi zambiri, kukhala mumphika wambiri kwambiri ndiye chifukwa chosoweka maluwa muchomera, popeza duwa limangolimba mizu yokha mu chotengera chachikulu.

Kwa mitundu yaying'ono kwambiri, miphika yokhala ndi masentimita 6 ndi yokwanira.

Dothi

Duwa limafunikira dothi lokhazikika, lotayirira, lokhala ndi michere yaying'ono. Ngati mutenga gawo lanu lokonzekera nokha, mutha kukhala ndi izi:

• pepala lamtunda (magawo awiri)
• mchenga wozungulira (gawo limodzi)
• peat (gawo 1)
• humus (1 gawo)

Dothi lapadziko lonse la senpolia ndi gloxinia ndiloyenereranso mtundu. Chofunikira ndi kukhetsa bwino kwa gawo lapansi.

Feteleza ndi feteleza

Koleria kunyumba amafunikira kudya mwadongosolo, kuyambira mu Epulo - nthawi yogwira ntchito, ndikutha kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira. Nthawi zambiri, feteleza wamadzimadzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito, wokhala ndi phosphorous yambiri, yomwe imathandizira kuti maluwa ayende bwino.

Zoyeneranso ndizovuta zowonjezera zomwe zimapangidwira ma orchid ndi ma violets. Zinthu zonse zimapakidwa gawo limodzi mwa theka la zomwe zimafotokozedwa paphukusi.

Thirani

Kuika mtundu kumachitika zaka zitatu zilizonse zoyambirira kumapeto kwa kumapeto kwa matenthedwe. Kuyambitsanso njirayi mtsogolo, nthawi yophukira, ndi cholakwika chachikulu, chifukwa pamenepa duwa limangotulutsa thumba losunga mazira ndipo maluwa sangachitike.

Ndikulimbikitsidwa kupatsirana ndi transshipment njira, osagwedeza mizu ndipo, ngati zingatheke, osasokoneza chotupa.

Kudulira

Koleria ndi maluwa apadziko lonse lapansi omwe amawoneka bwino ngati mawonekedwe a chitsamba komanso mawonekedwe a chomera cham'mera. Mutha kuwupatsa mawonekedwe omwe mungawafunikire mothandizidwa ndi kudulira pafupipafupi, komwe sikungopanga korona wa maluwa, komanso kumakonzanso. Malamulo oyambira kupaka utoto:

• ogwidwa mchaka chisanafike nyengo yokukula;
• mphukira zowonongeka kapena zouma zimachotsedwa ndi chida chosabala;
• popanga maluwa owongoka, nthambi zonse zomwe zatalika 20-30 cm zimafupikitsidwa ndi gawo limodzi;
• kusinthitsa kukula kwa achinyamata ofananira nawo mphukira, motero, kupanga mapangidwe ambiri a masamba, tikulimbikitsidwa kufupikitsa nsonga zonse za mphukira.

Kudulira koyenera kumakulitsa kuchuluka kwa inflorescence, kupatsa duwa mawonekedwe abwino. Ndipo m'malo mwake, ngati njirayi singasiyanitsidwe - nthambi za mbewuzo ndizolimbikitsa, padzakhala mapesi ochepa.

Nthawi yopumula

Kusamalira utoto kunyumba nthawi zambiri kumaphatikizapo kupatsa duwa nyengo yotsika - nthawi yomwe mbewuyo imasiya kukula, kutaya masamba kuti mubwezeretsenso mphamvu pakukula kwina. Kutengera mitundu yosiyanasiyana, mitundu ina imakhala yozizira ndi masamba, imaphuka ndipo imafuna kuthirira nthawi zonse, koma pali iwo amene amafunikira mtendere wathunthu - kusowa kuvala kwapamwamba, chinyezi chosowa kwambiri chadothi.

Ngati masamba obisika amasintha ndikayamba nyengo yozizira, kuyanika kumayamba - mbewuyo imafunikira kupumula. Madera onse atachotsedwa kwathunthu, chitsamba chija chimayikidwa malo abwino, owunikira, ndipo mpaka Januware, chisamaliro chimaphatikizapo kupukutira pang'ono pang'onopang'ono.

Kukula koleriy kuchokera ku mbewu

Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti chofesedwa ndi mbewu, duwa nthawi zambiri silisunga mawonekedwe ake. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kufesa mtundu mu February. Kuti muchite izi, mu thanki yotsika kwambiri yokhala ndi dothi lapadera la gesneriaceae, mbewu za maluwa zimagawidwa popanda kufesa.

Kenako, mbewuzo zimakutidwa ndi polyethylene kapena kapu yagalasi, kuyikamo malo otentha ndipo pambuyo pakuwonekera kwa mphukira woyamba, kuwunikira kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kumakonzedwa. Pamaso pa masamba angapo okhwima - mbewu yabzalidwa mumphika wosiyana ndi mainchesi 6-7 cm. Tisanapangidwe, chitsamba chimadina mapiko kuti chikulitse kukula kwa mphukira.

Kufalikira kwa utoto ndi kudula

Njira yosavuta yoberekera kolerii ndiyo kubereka mwa mphukira za apical. Pachifukwa ichi, nsonga zodulidwazo zimathandizidwa ndi zopunthira ndikuyika dothi lapadera, kapena chisakanizo cha mchenga wa pafupifupi masentimita 2. Pakatha masiku 14, mizu yoyamba imawonekera, ndipo patatha mwezi umodzi imadzakhala chomera chodzaza ndi mizu yoyambira.

Popeza "belu la Colombian" limadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa mizu, duwa limakhalanso bwino m'mizu.

Kuberekanso mtundu ndi tsamba

Masamba a duwa, komanso zodula, angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuzika mizu m'nthaka kapena m'madzi. Poyamba, tsamba limayikidwa m'malo obiriwira okhala ndi dothi lonyowa ndipo patatha mwezi umodzi mutha kudikirira njira zoyambira za mizu yomwe ikamera. Mu mtundu wachiwiri, pepalalo limayikidwa mu chidebe chokhala ndi madzi otetezedwa ofewa akuya kwa masentimita 2. Kuti tifulumizitse njirayi, mulimonsemo, zolimbikitsira zilizonse za mizu zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kufalitsa mtundu ndi kugawika kwa mpweya

Nthawi yamaluwa Mutha kuyesa kufalitsa ndikugawa mizu - ma rhizomes. Mpweya wabwino wa chomera chathanzi ndizoyenera izi, chifukwa zimakhala ndi masamba, malo, zophukira, zomwe zimatha kupereka mbande zonse nthawi yogawa.

Gawani nthambizo m'magulu angapo, chilichonse chimakonkhedwa ndi makala ndikuloledwa kuti chiume. Kenako mizu imabzalidwa mosiyana mu mitsuko ndikuthilira madzi. Njira yolerera iyi imakupatsani mwayi kukhala chomera champhamvu, chambiri, chamaluwa ambiri, chosakonda kutalikitsa.

Matenda ndi Tizilombo

Mavuto akulu omwe amalima maluwa amakumana nawo akamakula koleriy:

• Mtunduwu sukutulutsa mumphika wambiri, komanso wopanda magetsi;
• mawanga amdima pamasamba aziwoneka mukathirira ndi madzi olimba kapena ozizira;
• Masamba amatembenuka kapena chikaso utoto chifukwa cha kuyatsa kowoneka bwino, ndi zokonzekera pafupipafupi;
• masamba a koleriya amapotozedwa mzipinda zokhala ndi chinyezi chochepa;
• kufota masamba ndikuwoneka ngati malo owola mu mizu, izi zitha kukhalanso chizindikiro kuti mbewuyo ikufunika nthawi yopuma;
• malo owala pamasamba (powdery mildew) - matenda oyamba ndi fungus omwe nthawi zambiri amawoneka mumikhalidwe yokhala chinyezi chachikulu kapena kuchuluka kwa feteleza wa nayitrogeni;
• chidule pamiyala (oidium) amayambitsa bowa yemwe umafalikira kudzera mu mtengowu chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa kutentha ndi chinyezi;
• koleriya nthawi zambiri amatsitsa masamba chifukwa chowonjezera calcium;
• mphukira zopanda kanthu za koleriya chifukwa cha kusowa kwenikweni kwa dzuwa;
• limakula pang'onopang'ono, masamba amagwa ndikusowa kwa michere m'nthaka;
• masamba a utoto amasinthika chikaso ngati duwa nthawi zambiri limakhala pansi pa kunyezimira kwa dzuwa lotentha, kapena pali malo oti pakhale poyambira feteleza.

Tizilombo tamadonotono ndi ma aphid, mealybugs ndi nthata za akangaude.

Mitundu ya mitundu yakunyumba yomwe ili ndi zithunzi ndi mayina

Koleria ndi duwa lodziwika kwambiri m'matchulidwe athu. Komabe, mitundu yotsatirayi ndiyofala m'nyumba zamaluwa zamaluwa:

Colera yosangalatsa (lat.Kohleria mabilis)

Duwa limadziwika ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira omwe amakhala ndi silvery villi, amawombera masentimita 40, onenepa kwamitundu yonse ya pinki.

Kohleria Lindena (lat. Kohleria lindeniana)

Mtundu womera bwino wachomera wokhala kutalika 20 mpaka 30 cm, wokhala ndi masamba awiri komanso mitolo yosiyanasiyana, maluwa akulu a lilac mpaka 6 cm kukula kwake.

Maluwa a koleria (lat.Kohleria eriantha)

Ili ndi masamba obiriwira kwambiri okhala ndi masamba ofiira amdima, malalanje kapena ofiira kuyang'ana pansi.

Kohleria hairy (lat.Kohleria hirsuta)

Imasiyanitsidwa ndi mulu wa violet pansi pa masamba, komanso maluwa ofiira okhala ndi malire achikasu m'mphepete mwa miyala.

Koleria Bogotskaya (lat.Kohleria bogotensis)

Chomera chachitali kwambiri pakati pa ma coleries chimakhala chotalika masentimita 60, chokhala ndi masamba oyera ofiira, amodzi kapena kawiri a axillary red-orange inflorescence okhala ndi pharynx wachikasu.