Chomera chokongoletsera chamaluwa - violet - maluwa omwe amakonda kwambiri mamiliyoni a olima padziko lonse lapansi. Mitundu yosatha yosatha ndi chisamaliro chosavuta ndichabwino zake.
Kodi munda wamaluwa umaoneka bwanji?
Mtundu wa violets (Víola) uli ndi mitundu yopitilira 500. Zimachitika osatha komanso pachaka. Maluwa amodzi amitundu iwiri, iliyonse yomwe ili ndi stamens, ma petals ndi manda, zimamera pamtunda wautali, umodzi. Pali mtundu umodzi, mitundu iwiri ndi utoto utatu. Pafupifupi aliyense amakhala ndi fungo lamphamvu, lolimbikira komanso labwino kwambiri. Nthawi yamaluwa ndi masika ndi chilimwe. Ali bwino pafupi ndi ma conifers, zitsamba zokongoletsera komanso zipatso, komanso ndi oyenera mapiri a kumapiri, maluwa, mabedi amaluwa.
Kufalikira kwa dimba violet
Zipatso - mabokosi okhala ndi nthangala zing'onozing'ono, atakhwima, atsegule popanda ufulu. Mutabzala tating'ono tating'ono, patatha zaka zochepa mutha kupeza chopondera chabwino. Tsamba limakhala losavuta kapena losanjidwa bwino, nthawi zambiri limakhala lobiriwira. Tchire zomwe zimamera kutalika kwa 10-40 cm, zimakhala ndi ndodo yopyapyala, ndodo, yophukira pang'ono. Maluwa am'munda, ofanana ndi ma warts mu chipinda cha mphika wachipinda, ali ndi mawonekedwe awo.
Dzina lachiwiri lodziwika bwino la violets yam'munda ndi Pansies. Mu vivo amapezeka kudera lotentha konse kumapiri, m'nkhalango, m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ndi nyanja. Mitundu ina imamera m'madambo otsika ndipo ngakhale tundra. M'mbuyomu, nkhondoyi ilinso ndi dzina lina la Saintpaulia, lomwe limaperekedwa polemekeza a Baron Walter von Saint-Paul, Purezidenti wa bungwe loyang'anira anthu achijeremani lotchedwa dendrological, omwe amasamutsa mbewu kwa katswiri wazomera wotchedwa Hermann Wendland, yemwe adalongosola koyamba zamtunduwu wa mbewu.
Mitundu Yosiyanasiyana - Kufotokozera Mwachidule
Mwa mitundu yayikulu, mitundu yotchuka kwambiri yalembedwa pansipa.
Zabwino. Masamba a perennial violet 10-20 masentimita, masamba opota, maluwa mpaka 4 cm, buluu wamtambo kapena wachikasu. Limamasula mu April ndipo limapitilizabe kusangalala mpaka kugwa. Amakonda dothi labwino, dothi labwino, loyenera minda yamiyala.
Viola gracilis buluu mwezi
Nyanga zamuyaya. Chitsamba chotalika masentimita 15-25 ndi mizu yokwawa komanso yopanda nthambi zambiri. Pang'onopang'ono amapanga pilo yolimba yokhazikika. Tsamba limakhala lozungulira ndipo limakhala ndi m'mphepete mpaka masentimita 6. Maluwa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi utoto wofiirira wokhala ndi malo achikaso. Limamasula kuyambira Meyi mpaka Sepemba. Amakonza malo owuma ndi dothi labwino.
Viola cornuta buyon buluu
Labrador. Violet onunkhira m'munda osatha. Chitsamba chowumbika chokha chimakhala chachitali 5-10 cm. Tsamba limakhala lamkuwa looneka ngati mtima kapena lofiirira. Maluwa ndi pinki-carmine, ukufalikira mu Meyi-June. Mitundu yolimbana ndi kuzizira yomwe imalekerera pang'ono. Nthaka imakonda chonde chonde, chonyowa.
Manchurian. Osachedwa kutalika kwa 6 mpaka 20 cm. Masamba ali ndi mawonekedwe a ovoid-lanceolate pamtunda wautali. Mtundu wofiirira wakuda wokhala ndi masentimita 2,5 pamtunda wawutali. Pa tchire limodzi kuyambira Meyi mpaka Juni, maluwa 8-14 amatulutsa nthawi. Mitundu yokhala ndi mafiyidwe apawiri ndi a mitundu mitundu amapezeka. Zofalitsidwa mosavuta ndikugawa makatani, komanso kudzipanga. Chinyezi- ndi Photophilous, ozizira zosagwira.
Viola mandshurica fuji mbandakucha
Violet woyera m'munda. Mtundu wachilendo kwambiri womwe umavuta kupeza. Amakulidwa m'mabedi azomera azachilengedwe kuti apange anthu omwe ali pangozi yachilengedwe. Koma mukagulitsa mutha kupeza mbewu zosakanizidwa zotchedwa nthenga zoyera za njenjete kapena mlongo, wokhala ndi maluwa ofanana. Zofalitsidwa mosavuta ndi-seeding.
Viola yoyera
Zinthu zosamalira dimba la violet mumsewu
Popeza mutabzala maluwa osiyanasiyana m'munda mwachisawawa, m'tsogolomo mutha kuyang'anira zaka zambiri, mutangokongola.
- Kutentha
Makamaka violets za m'munda ndizosavomerezeka. Duwa loyambirira masika, ndipo mitundu yambiri imapitilizabe kusangalala ndi maluwa okongola mpaka kugwa. Kutentha komwe mumakonda nthawi yotentha ndi + 20-24 ° C. Kutentha kwa + 30 ° C ndi kupitilira pamenepo, kumatha kuphuka.
- Kuwala
Kutengera mitundu, malo omwe ali ndi magetsi kapena pang'ono pang'ono adzafunika. Koma pali mitundu yomwe imakonda kukhala gawo la tsikulo mopanda tsankho, ndikugawana mumthunzi. Amabzala makamaka pafupi ndi zipatso kapena zokongoletsera.
- Kuthirira
Mitundu yonse imakonda madzi ofewa pamtunda womwewo ndi chilengedwe. Kuti mupewe kufewa, onjezerani viniga pang'ono ya apulo (1 tsp pa 3 l yamadzi) kapena zipatso za asidi (5 makhirogalamu pa 1 l) kumadzi.
- Kuwaza
Munthawi yotentha kwambiri pachaka, m'mawa ndi masana tikulimbikitsidwa kukonza malo ofunda ndi ma warts kuchokera ku sprayer kapena kuthilira ndi mabowo ang'onoang'ono, koma nthawi yomweyo kuti musalole kusefukira kwamizu kwambiri.
- Chinyezi
Mulingo woyenera kwambiri waminyewa pafupifupi 60%. Ngati ma pansie sakonda dothi lonyowa, zinthu zoterezi zimatheka pokhapokha pobowoleza ndi kubzala pafupi ndi posungira - dziwe, mtsinje, kapena dziwe.
- Dothi
Nthaka imafunikira kuwala, kutayirira, chonde pang'ono, kosatha kusunga chinyezi kwa nthawi yayitali. Perlite ndi vermiculite ndizowonjezera zabwino kwambiri zakumasulira ndikumanga, koma mutha kupeza powonjezera peat ndi mchenga wamtsinje wochepa wosambitsidwa dothi. Zimathandizanso kuwonjezera makala abwino, komanso nthawi ndi nthawi kuthira phulusa mozungulira tchire.
Zofunika! Mulingo woyenera wa acid-base ndi pH = 5.5-6.5.
- Mavalidwe apamwamba
Kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza woyamba kumayambira. Zina zilizonse zovuta za zomera zamaluwa ndizoyenera. Chofunika kwambiri ndizomwe zili potaziyamu, phosphorous, nayitrogeni. Mlingo uyenera kuchepetsedwa ndi theka motsutsana ndi wopanga yemwe akulimbikitsidwa. Manyowa atsopano sangathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito, chifukwa amatsogolera pakuwotcha masamba ndi mizu.
Kukonzanso kudzafunikanso kuti masamba oyamba ataphuka, kenako milungu iwiri iliyonse.
Kukonzekera nyengo yachisanu
Mitundu ya onunkhira yapachaka mu kugwa ndi kubwera kwa chisanu amachotsedwa kwathunthu pamaluwa. Nthonje zimasiyidwa chaka chamawa, ndipo chachitatu chimachotsedwa kwathunthu, pamene zimakula kwambiri, kutaya kwake kukongoletsa.
Mu nthawi yophukira, muyenera kuchotsa malo ouma a chomera, mapesi a maluwa osongoka. Nthawi zambiri pofika nthawi imeneyi, mabokosi ambewu amatsegulidwa kale. Palibe kubzala kwinanso komwe kukufunika.
M'malo abwino, nthawi yachisanu imaphukira popanda nyengo yozizira. Zingatheke kusiya mphukira zopambana, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito poika zina.
Mavuto omwe angakhalepo pakukula
Duwa lonunkhira kwenikweni silibweretsa mavuto, komaliza mpaka kukana zinthu zosavomerezeka. Izi zimamupangitsa kukhala mtsogoleri.
Matenda
Mwa matenda opatsirana a violets a m'munda amapezeka:
- dzimbiri
- mwendo wakuda;
- imvi ndi zowola;
- ufa wowonda;
- kuwona.
Tcherani khutu! Chikwangwani chosasinthika ndi mawanga pamasamba ndizizindikiro zofunikira kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu.
Ndikofunika kuchotsa nthawi yomweyo mbewu zomwe zakhudzidwa, kapena yesani kuzisunga pozisamalira mwapadera: Topaz, Fundazol, Fitosporin. Fitovlavin, etc. Kukula kwa kuthirira violets panthawiyi kumafunika kuchepetsedwa.
Tizilombo
M'mphepete mwa masamba muli chizindikiro cha kugonjetsedwa kwa ngale ya violet ndi scoop scoop. Motsutsana nawo, amathandizidwa ndi kulowetsedwa kwa fodya kapena karbofos.
Tizilombo tambiri monga ma thrips, mavu, nsabwe za m'masamba, ndi akangaude amapezekanso pazomera zamtchire. Kwa iwo, kuchiza ndi mankhwala apadera kumathandiza, komanso kupopera mbewu mankhwalawo ndi phulusa.
Mavuto ena
Kuuma ndi mawanga pamasamba ndichizindikiro kuti mbewuyo ilibe malo.
Mwina zifukwa:
- zakuda kwambiri;
- kutentha kwambiri;
- kuthirira kwambiri;
- kusowa kwa michere.
Uphungu! Mutha kuyesa kupita kumalo owunikiridwa kwambiri, kudyetsa, kusintha njira yothirira.
Zolakwika wamba tikamakula
Mizu yopanda tanthauzo imatanthawuza kuti kumasula kumatha kuwononga violet. Komabe, kukongola kwa dothi kumathandiza. Izi zimatheka pang'onopang'ono ndikuyika nthaka.
Cholakwika chachiwiri chikukula. Zomera ziyenera kulekanitsidwa 15 cm cm.
Violet yoyera mumsewu kapena mtundu wina - kugula kwakukulu kwa dimba, rabatki, mabedi amaluwa. Amakhwima popachikidwa mumbale ndi miphika. Paliponse pomwe maluwa ake okongola ndi owala amawoneka oyenera komanso okongola kwambiri.
