Mame a mvula (kapena phulusa) ndi matenda a fungalomu omwe amakhudza mbewu zambiri, komanso tomato ndizosiyana. M'nkhani ino tiphunzira momwe ufa wa powdery umayang'aniranso tomato komanso momwe ungagwiritsire ntchito.
Kodi ndi zoopsa ndipo zimachokera kuti?
Mamewa ndi owopsa chifukwa zimatengera zakudya kuchokera ku chomeracho, zimayambitsa njira ya photosynthesis, kupuma, imapangitsa chitsamba cha phwetekere kukhala chosakhazikika ngakhale kuti chimakhala chozizira pang'ono. Powdery mildew choyamba zimakhudza masamba a chikhalidwe - amafota ndi kugwa, masamba atsopano a masamba otukuka amatha kuwoneka m'malo awo, koma sangakhale okwanira ndipo sangathandize mlimi mwanjira iliyonse. 
Palibe zizindikiro za matenda kunja kwa tsinde ndi zipatso, koma chitsamba sichidzakhala ndi moyo kwa nthawi yayitali. Powdery mildew tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pa tomato ndi spores wa mitundu iwiri ya bowa: Leveilluia taurica ndi Oidiopsis sicula.
Pali zifukwa zingapo za maonekedwe ndi chitukuko cha bowa:
- mkulu chinyezi pa kutentha kwa 15 ° C kufika 30 ° C;
- chofunika kwambiri cha nayitrogeni m'nthaka;
- kutsetsereka kwakukulu;
- kusagwirizana ndi ulamuliro wothirira.
Komanso, chifukwa cha matenda angakhale kusuntha kwa spores kuchokera ku chomera mpaka kukhala wathanzi.
Izi zikhoza kuchitika motere:
- kupyolera mu mlengalenga;
- kupyolera mu madzi omwe amamenyedwa kumtunda wa kachilombo;
- Mukhoza kusamutsa bowa m'manja mwanu (pogwiritsa ntchito tomato wodwalayo, kenako ku thanzi labwino);
- kudzera parasitic tizilombo.
Mukudziwa? Powdery mildew spores akhoza "kuyenda" m'mphepete mwa makilomita makumi awiri.
Zizindikiro za maonekedwe pa tomato
Mame amadziwonetsera kunja kwa masamba a phwetekere woyera (mwinamwake ali ndi mthunzi wobiriwira kapena wachikasu) kapena malo a chikasu powdery, omwe pang'onopang'ono amafalikira pa tsamba lonseli. Zina zowonjezera zingawoneke ngati zomwe zimawoneka ndi mabala a bulauni. Ndizimene zimathandiza kuti matendawa apitirire, "ufa" umaonekera kumbali zonse ziwiri za masamba.
Mame a Mealy amakhudzanso gooseberries, mphesa, nkhaka, maluwa.
Kupewa Matenda
Kuti mupewe powdery mildew pa tomato, muyenera kumamatira kuzinthu zina malamulo oletsa:
- Ndi bwino kupopera tchire ndi njira ya manganese mwezi uliwonse;
- musagwiritse ntchito feteleza feteleza;
- Ndikofunikira kupopera mankhwala ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, mwachitsanzo, "Gumat", "Epin", "Rajok";
- Ngati mukukula tomato mu wowonjezera kutentha, kutuluka mobwerezabwereza kuyenera kupezeka kuti tipeĊµe kuchepa kwa chinyezi; Komanso amalangiza kusintha nthaka chaka chilichonse;
- kupewa kutulukira kwa nsabwe za m'masamba ndi zina zowononga, chifukwa zimanyamula spores za bowa wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda;
- nthawi zambiri amamasula nthaka kuti iume ndipo imadzaza ndi mpweya.
- Njira zina zobzala mbewu m'munda.
Ndikofunikira! Kubzala tomato pamalo omwe mudapanga iwo nyengoyi ndizotheka kokha pambuyo pa zaka 3-5.
Mmene mungamenyere ngati mukugonjetsedwa
Pali njira zambiri zothetsera powdery mildew pa tomato. Mukhoza kuthana ndi mankhwala alionse, mankhwala ochizira kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochiritsira, koma zochita zina ziyenera kuchitidwa mulimonsemo.
Njira yoyamba ndiyo kuchotseratu masamba onse omwe ali ndi kachilombo ndi mapesi a maluwa, ndiyeno kuwotcha pamoto. Ndipo pokhapokha ndondomeko zitsamba ndi nthaka ndi potaziyamu permanganate kapena zina zapadera zinthu kuchokera powdery mildew.
Ndikofunikira! Ndibwino kuti musamalowetse nthaka pansi pa zomera, chifukwa muli ndi kuchuluka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a mycelium.
Kukonzekera kwachilengedwe
M'misika ndi m'misika mungapeze kuchuluka kwa zinthu zowonongeka kwa ufa wa powdery mildew, koma, pogwiritsa ntchito mauthenga abwino ambiri m'mayunivesite osiyanasiyana aulimi, mutha kugawanika sankhani mankhwala oterowo: "Appin", "Immunocytofit", "Fuzaksin", "Monofilin", "Baktofit", "Gumat".
Mankhwalawa amachulukitsa matenda a fungal ndi mavairasi osati tomato, komanso mbewu zina. Zonsezi ndizoyenera kuti zikhale ngati mankhwala a prophylactic komanso mankhwala a powdery mildew. 
Mankhwala
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa mankhwala (fungicides) kumalimbikitsidwa pokhapokha ngati kugonjetsedwa kwakukulu kwa chitsamba ndi bowa.
Mafungicides othandiza kwambiri ndi awa: "Topaz", "Skor", "Amistar", "Kvadris", "Tiovit Jet", "Cumulus". Kuchiza ndi mankhwala oterowo kuyenera kumatsatira mosamala malangizo a wopanga ndi zodziletsa.
Ndikofunikira! Mitundu yonse ya fungicides sungakhoze kusungidwa mu fomu yosakanizidwa, kotero yankho liyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwamsanga mutatha kukonzekera.
Mankhwala a anthu
Mankhwala a mtundu wa powdery mildew pa tomato ndi oyenera kwambiri kuchiza matenda oyambirira a matenda komanso ngati wodwalayo. Tsopano tidziwa bwino maphikidwe othandiza kwambiri. 
- Soda ndi sopo yankho. Njira yothetsera yankho ili yokonzedwa motere: 10 malita a madzi otentha, 50 g wa soda wamba komanso sopo yotsuka. Zosakaniza zonse ziyenera kusakanizidwa bwino. Konzani njira yothetsera sprayed zomera 2 pa mlungu, kuyesera kupeza yankho kumbali zonse za masamba.
- Chithandizo cha seramu. Pachida ichi, timafunikira whey, yomwe imasakanizidwa ndi madzi muyeso: 1 lita imodzi ya seramu mpaka madzi okwanira 10 litre. Pambuyo kupopera mankhwala a tomato ndi njira yotere, filimu yoonda ikawonekera pamapazi, omwe salola kuti bowa mycelium kupuma, zomwe zidzatsogolera kufa kwa matendawa. Bwerezani ndondomeko yopopera mbewu mankhwalawa ayenera kukhala 3-4 nthawi ndi nthawi ya masiku atatu.
- Madzi a Bordeaux mankhwala ndi prophylaxis. Yankho lakonzekera mophweka: 100 g wa madzi ayenera kuchepetsedwa mu 10 malita a madzi ofunda. Kusakaniza kwasakaniza kumachitika 2 kapena 3 masabata asanadzalemo tomato potseguka pansi, kapena pamene matendawa amasonyeza zizindikiro zake.
- Kulowetsedwa kwa nkhuni phulusa. Kulowetsedwa kumakonzedwa pa mlingo wa 1 makilogalamu a phulusa pa 10 malita a madzi (madzi ayenera kukhala otentha kwambiri, koma osaphika). Phulusa limasungunuka m'madzi ndipo lamanzere likupatsa kwa sabata. Kenaka kulowetsedwa kumatsanulira mu chidebe china kapena sprayer, chakale chiyenera kutsanulidwa mwa njira yomwe yothetsera phulusa idzakhalabe mu chidebe choyamba. Phulusa otsala likhoza kuphatikiza ndi madzi ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito kuthirira.
Mukudziwa? Bowa la Mycelium likhoza kukhala m'nthaka kwa zaka pafupifupi 20.
Mame a nkhuku ndi matenda opatsirana kwambiri omwe amawavuta, ndipo ngati mwawona zizindikiro zochepa chabe, muyenera kuyamba kumenyana nawo. Koma njira yabwino yothetsera powdery mildew ndiyo kupewa.
