Masamba a chitsamba ichi ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi mapulo. Komabe, mtengowo ndi wa banja la Malvaceae ndipo siwokhawo wokhala ndi mapulo. Ku Russia, abutilone adawoneka posachedwa ngati duwa lamkati. Kuthengo, imamera kokha m'malo otentha: Africa, South Asia, Latin America. Anthu nthawi zambiri amachitcha kuti mapulo amkati kapena chamaluwa, koma kuchokera pakuwona, izi ndizolakwika.
Mapu okongola
Okhala m'nyumba yachilimwe amasangalala kubzala abutilon pamasamba nthawi yachilimwe, ndipo mu kugwa amawabweretsa m'nyumba yazipinda. Mutha kuzizindikira ndi izi:
- masamba a shaggy atali odulidwa kapena owoneka pamtima;
- kutalika kwa chomera chachikulu ndi 1.7-2 m;
- kuchuluka kwa mphukira;
- Maluwa okhala ndi belu.
Abutilon kuthengo amakula kum'mwera
Zomera zimayambira mu Epulo mpaka Okutobala. Mabelu amatha kukhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana: chikasu, lalanje, ofiira owala.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa
Duwa lachilendo wokhala ndi masamba a mapulo amadziwika pansi pa mayina osiyanasiyana. Dzinalo lomera lokhala ndi masamba ngati mapulo ndi abutilon. Palinso anthu ena. Nthawi zambiri, duwa limatchedwa mapulo, ndikuwonjezera zonena zingapo:
- m'nyumba;
- nyumba;
- kukongoletsa;
- ukufalikira.
Chingwe chimatha kukhala ndi utoto wosiyana kutengera mtundu ndi mitundu
Dzina lodziwika bwino ndizosangalatsa, lomwe limapezeka chifukwa cha phesi lolimba.
Zambiri! "Car Cable" matembenuzidwe enieni ochokera ku India. Duwa limatchedwa chifukwa ku India ndi maiko ena a ku South Asia kuyambira nthawi zakale, masamba ndi zitsamba zolimba zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga twine, zingwe, ndi burlap yoyipa.
Abutilon adalandira kazitape kazitape kazitape kazitsamba ka ulusi wolimba womwe umapanga tsinde
Mitundu yayikulu
Pali mbewu zambiri zokhala ndi masamba a mapulo zomwe zimapanga mitundu ya abutilone mochita kupanga. Pazonse, ma hybrids okwanira 110 ndi mitundu amadziwika. Zabwino kwambiri ndi:
- Organza
- Bella
- Diso la Tiger;
- Kusakaniza kwa Bella.
Mitundu yambiri imaphukira kuyambira zaka khumi zapitazi za Epulo mpaka khumi zoyambirira za Seputembala. Posachedwa, mtundu wosakanizidwa wa Belle Vue wakhala wotchuka kwambiri ndi olima maluwa. Kutalika kwa chomera chachikulu kumafika mamita awiri, ndipo mabelu owala amasangalatsa maso ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Chokhacho chingavomereze kuti mbewuyo imafunikira kudulira pafupipafupi kuti ipange korona woyenera.
Mafani azakumwa exotic adathanso kuzindikira kupadera kwa mitundu ya Tiger's eye. Maluwa a lalanje, opangidwa ngati tochi, amakongoletsedwa ndi mikwingwirima yofiyira, yomwe imawoneka yokongola kwambiri. Tochi iliyonse imakhala ndi mtundu wake wamapangidwe okongola.
Tcherani khutu! Mitundu yosasangalatsa kwambiri ya abutilon imadziwika kuti ndi Juliet. Zosiyanasiyana zimakula bwino ngakhale pazenera lamtambo lomwe sill ndi kuthirira ochepa. Juliet amayamba kuphuka patangotha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mutabzala.
Mitundu yamkati komanso yamkati ya abutilon
M'mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, mitundu yodziwika bwino yamagalimoto amtambo imawerengedwa kuti ndi mitundu ya Chitendeni, yomwe imamera ku South America. Zomwe zikuwonekera:
- nthambi zamphamvu, mphukira zambiri;
- kutalika kwa chomera chachikulu kumatha kufika mamita atatu;
- ozungulira, masamba akulu obiriwira amdima okhala ndi mulu wofewa kumbuyo;
- maluwa ozungulira lalanje okhala ndi mikwingwirima yopyapyala.
Kunja, nyamayi imafanana ndi diso la Tiger, koma maluwa ndi ochuluka, ndipo mainchesi awo ndi akulu pang'ono.
Mitundu ya m'nyumba yodziwika bwino ndi iyi:
- terry;
- mawanga;
- wosakanizidwa;
- Savitsky.
Njira zosavuta kwambiri zofalitsira chingwe galimoto - mbewu ndi kudula. Njira yoyamba ndi yovuta. Komabe, pali mitundu ingapo yokhala ndi masamba owala yomwe imatha kufalitsidwa kokha ndi odulidwa.
Mapu amkati
Duwa lowala ili ndi masamba ngati mapulo limadzuka nthawi yomweyo, kotero limatha kupezeka m'maofesi ndi m'miyala.
Kufotokozera kwa Abutilon: zakutchire komanso zoweta
Mapu akuthengo samapezeka ku Russia. Koma maluwa amkati okhala ndi masamba ngati mapulo ndi otchuka kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri amasankhidwa ngati mphatso pazomera zokongoletsera. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pagalimoto yomwe ikulira ndi kuthengo ndikutalika kwambiri (mpaka 3 m) komanso kutalika kwakutali. Kupanda kutero, nyama zamtchire mooneka sizimasiyana ndi zoweta.
Wopanga zingwe adakondana ndi alimi a maluwa apakhomo pazinthu zotsatirazi:
- maluwa akulu, otseguka mpaka masentimita 6 mulifupi ndi mitsempha yokongola;
- yofewa, yosasinthika kwa masamba okhudza, ofanana kwambiri ndi mapulo;
- korona wakuda;
- mphukira zofanana ndi mivi;
- maluwa akutalika komanso ochezeka.
Pakati pa mitundu yamkati pali mauvuni ndi zimphona zenizeni. Mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya Abutilon Bella ndi yaying'ono, yotalika 30 cm okha. Maluwa ofewa okhala ngati galasi lomwe limalowetsedwa ndi maimili velvet. Zosangalatsa pamakoma okhudza amatha kukhala ndi mtundu wina: kuchokera ku pinki, chikasu, lalanje mpaka burgundy kapena magazi ofiira.
Tcherani khutu! Mtundu wina wochezeka kwambiri ndigalimoto ya Savitsky. Amamasuka mophweka, koma wamaluwa amawakonda chifukwa chodzitchinjiriza komanso kuthekera kuzolowera chilichonse. Maluwa ang'onoang'ono amafanana ndi chitumbuwa cha mbalame.
Samalani abutilon wosadzikuza
Nthawi zambiri, akatswiri otulutsa maluwa m'nyumba amasankha mikwingwirima ngati chomera. Imakula mwachangu, ndipo maluwa satuluka kwa nthawi yayitali. Mtundu wodziwika kwambiri ngati mitengo yokhala ngati mapulo ku Russia.
Kuthirira kwambiri kumayenera kuphatikizidwa ndi kumasula nthawi zonse dothi
Mndandanda wa ntchito zazikuluzikulu za chisamaliro zikuphatikiza:
- kuthirira kambiri;
- kumasula pafupipafupi;
- kudulira
- kuchotsedwa kwa maluwa owuma nthawi ya maluwa;
- kupopera masamba ndi madzi;
- kuphatikiza ndi mbeu zamkati.
Tcherani khutu! Ngati nthawi yozizira idakhala yozizira, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muchepetse pafupipafupi kuthirira musanayambike kutentha, apo ayi mbewuyo singakhale pachimake. Kuchokera pakuchepa kapena chinyezi chambiri, masamba amatha kuwuma ndikugwa.
Akatswiri amalimbikitsa kuteteza maluwa ku dzuwa. Galimoto yama chingwe imamera bwino pamthunzi, koma pazenera lakumwera. Mu Meyi - Ogasiti, pamene abutilon pachimake, ndibwino kuyika mbewuyo pamphepete kapena panthaka yakunja. Komanso mapulo amkati amadzimva bwino munyumba yazilimwe pakati pa udzu, mumithunzi ya mitengo yazipatso.
Kuti mapulo amkati aziwoneka okongola, muyenera kulabadira nthawi zonse kapangidwe kake korona. Kuchepetsa kuyenera kuchitika kawiri pachaka, mu Epulo ndi Okutobala. Kuti chitsamba chiwonongeke, muyenera kuchotsa nthambi zonse, ndikusiya tsinde limodzi. Ngati mukufuna kukhala ndi mtengo wotambalala, tsinani mphukira yachinyamata kuchokera kumwamba. Pakudulira, maluwa ndi masamba onse owuma, komanso mphukira zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi tizirombo kapena matenda, zimachotsedwa.
Galimoto yama chingwe nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mavuto obwera chifukwa cha ma whiteflies ndi ma kangaude. Kuti muthane ndi tizirombo, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito yankho la sopo kapena tizirombo tofalitsa mankhwala.
Nthawi zina masamba am'mapapo amkati amasintha chikasu ndikupanga masamba, ndipo mphukira zimawuma kumapeto. Pankhaniyi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muchepetse kuthirira ndikuwaza masamba tsiku ndi tsiku ndi madzi amwayi kuti muwonjezere chinyezi. Ngati dziko lapansi mumphika liuma, muyenera kuyika poto wamaluwa mu beseni lodzazidwa ndi madzi ofunda kwa theka la ora. Kuyeza kumeneku kudzathandizanso kukonzanso chingwe chachingwe.
Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti ndikazitha kumuika mu chidebe chokulirapo kwambiri mchaka. Kutalika kochulukirana kwambiri kwa mbewu zakale zaka zitatu zilizonse. Poto yatsopano iyenera kuthiridwa ndi madzi otentha kupha mabakiteriya onse ndi mavairasi. Denga lamadzimadzi limayikidwa pansi, kenako limakutidwa ndi dothi lamaluwa amkati. Abutilon amachotsedwa mosamala muchombo chakale, chimasamutsidwa ku china chatsopano, yokutidwa ndi dziko lapansi, ndikuthiriridwa madzi ambiri. Izi zisanachitike, muyenera kuyang'ana bwino mizu ya mbewu. Ngati sanakulire kwambiri, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuchedwetsa kumuwonjezera mpaka nthawi yophukira, mpaka kumapeto kwa maluwa.
Zambiri! Mbewu zodzala zimabzalidwa mumipanda ndi mchenga ndi peat mchaka chachiwiri cha March. Kuzama kufesa ndi 6-9 mm. Zophatikizira ziyenera kuphimbidwa ndi chivindikiro kapena wokutira pulasitiki kuti zithetse kutentha. Mbande ziyenera kuyembekezeredwa mu mwezi umodzi. Chomera chimatulutsa koyamba ngati miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mutabzala.
Asanafese, mbewu zamkati zamkati zimalimbikitsidwa kuti ziyikidwe mu chotengera ndi madzi. Mbeu za pop-siphuka, ndiye kuti zimatayidwa. Mbewu yayikulu imasankhidwa kuti ibzalidwe. Kuti kumera kukhale kwakukulu, kutentha kwa mpweya kuyenera kufika pa 22-27 ° C. Ngati dothi lumauma, litha kuthiridwa ndi madzi ofunda.
Kuti abutilon asangalatse maluwa ake kwa nthawi yayitali, iyenera kukhazikitsidwa mu chipinda chotentha pa sill yowala, yowala. Itha kubzalidwe kunyumba, muofesi kapena mu nthawi yozizira. Chachikulu ndikothirira "mlendo" wakummwera nthawi zambiri, ndipo adzayamika chisamaliro ndi maluwa akulu owala. Ngati chilimwe chitakhala chotentha, mapulo omwe ali mumphikawo amakula bwino pakhonde kapena munyumba yachilimwe.
