Maluwa okongola komanso ataliatali, osakhudzika ndi dothi pamalopo, chisamaliro chosasamala komanso mwamphamvu - izi ndi zifukwa zomwe wamaluwa amasankhira mafuta a basamu chifukwa cha maluwa awo. Monga chikhalidwe chilichonse, basamu ya m'munda ili ndi mbali pobzala ndi kusamalira, kubereka, kuvala pamwamba. Kuti akwaniritse maluwa okongola, ayenera kudziwa.
Koyambira komanso mawonekedwe a balsamu wamunda
Garden Balsamine ndi wa banja la a Basamu, a genus Impatiens. Kuchokera ku Latin, dzinali limamasulira "osagwedezeka, osagwedezeka." Zipatso zakupsa zomera mutatsegulidwa, kutaya nthanga mkati mwa mamita awiri.
Munda wa Basamu
Mitundu imakhala ndi mitundu 500. Kusiyanasiyana kotereku komanso kufalikira kwa madera ambiri a dziko lapansi kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kudziwa kuti ndi duwa liti. Nthawi zambiri, mankhwala a balsamu amakula m'malo otentha komanso nyengo yotentha.
Tcherani khutu! Madera akulu okukula ndi Europe, North America, Asia, gawo la kontinenti ya Africa.
Zomera "zopanda pake" zapezeka m'zaka za zana la 17. Mafotokozedwe awo oyamba adachokera ku 1869 ndipo amagwirizana ndi mitundu yomwe imapezeka ku India ndi madera a Asia omwe amakhala m'mphepete mwake. Mitundu yambiri yazipangidwe idapezeka m'zaka za XIX, nthawi yophunzira mwachangu ngodya za dziko lapansi ndizotukuka. Omaliza omwe adapezeka anali gulu la mabakiteriya ochokera ku New Zealand. Izi zidachitika mchaka cha 1989.
Maluwa ophuka mosalekeza kumayiko a azungu amatchedwa Busy Lizzie, ndipo ku Russia duwa limatchedwa Vanka Wet. Poyamba, sizigwirizana ndi mbewu. Dzina lachilendo chotere limalumikizidwa ndi mawonekedwe osangalatsa: madontho a mawonekedwe okoma amadzimadzi pamasamba a basamu. Pang'onopang'ono amauma ndikusintha kukhala mipira ya shuga.
Poyamba, nyengo yathu ino, mabakiteriya ankalima okha kunyumba. Koma chifukwa cha ntchito yobereketsa, mitundu yosamalira misewu idawonekera. Pamenepa panayambira mafuta a basamu. Ichi ndi chomera cha pachaka, chitsamba chokhala ndi nthambi zazingwe, thunthu, thunthu ndi masamba. Ali ndi gawo limodzi: posasinthasintha, amaswa mosavuta. Kutalika kwa tchire m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana kumasiyana 20 mpaka 70 cm.
Tcherani khutu! Panyengo yamvula kapena nthawi ya chifunga, chomera chimamasulidwa ku chinyezi chambiri m'njira yachilendo: madontho amadzimadzi amadzimadzi pamasamba ake.
Madontho achinyontho pamasamba a chomera
Mafuta a basamu amisewu amasiyana ndi "abale" am'chipinda:
| Mndandanda wamapulogalamu | Njira yothandizirana popereka |
| Omanga | mawonekedwe azizindikiro; magolovesi PPE la nkhope ndi makutu; othandizira ochepetsa |
| Madalaivala | mittens; suti yotentha; nsapato zotetezeka |
| Osuntha | maovololo; magolovesi Ma Jaceke thalauza. |
| Ogulitsa | malawi; magolovesi mabafa |
| Ogwira ntchito zaulimi | magolovesi nsapato mittens. |
| Ogwira ntchito zamagetsi | magolovesi apadera a dielectric; nsapato zotetezera; chovala chamutu; maovololo apamwamba; zovala zamkati zamafuta. |
Zofunika! Mafuta a balmamu osatha sapezeka. Mitundu yomwe imamera pamabedi amaluwa ndi mabalithamini pachaka.
Kufotokozera kwa maluwa a basamu
Mapale ndi maluwa mawonekedwe m'munsi mwa masamba. Maluwa ali ndi kukula ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana, kutengera mitundu. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu ya pamakhala - kuyambira yoyera mpaka maroon. Zofala kwambiri ndizopinki komanso zofiirira. Mu hybrids, pamakhala amatha kukhala tryry.
Zofunika! Mitundu ya buluu ndi yachikasu ya mandals m'munda wa balsamu kulibe.
Zoyenda kutchire zimakuta pafupifupi nyengo yonse yokulira, imagwera nthawi ya Meyi mpaka kumapeto kwa Seputembala.
Mitundu ndi mitundu yamafuta a basamu pakukula kwakunja
Mitundu yambiri yam'munda wa balsamu wobowedwa ku Europe, siochuluka. Zomera ndizosiyana ndi maluwa, mawonekedwe, mawonekedwe. Pali nthawi zina zofanana ndi camellias, maluwa, carnation.
Tom Tamb
Tchifu tambiri tomphepo tambiri totalika masentimita 25 mpaka 40. Zosiyanazo zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mitundu yamitundu yambiri ya petals ndi nthawi yamaluwa. Maluwa amtchire, ambiri amabisa tchire mu June ndipo amakhalabe, amasinthana mpaka September. Ndipo ngati kutentha kwa mpweya kumalola, ndiye kuti Tom Tamb limamasula mpaka pakati pa Okutobala. Amakonzekereratu malo okhala ndi mthunzi pang'ono, nthaka yopanda chonde. Zikatero, zimapereka maluwa okongola kwambiri komanso ambiri. Ndiosavuta kumusamalira.
Zosiyanasiyana Tom Tamb
Iron Balzamin
Dzina "kubala chitsulo" limalongosoleredwa ndi kupezeka kwa tiziwalo timene timakhala tambiri, timene timakhala tokhazikika pamiyala ya masamba. Mphukira zapachaka zimakhala zosalala, mpaka 50cm kutalika. Masamba amakhala obiriwira owala, owaza, pafupifupi masentimita 15. Maluwawo amamangiriridwa ndi ma brunhes ataliatali-mabulashi. Mtundu wawo ukhoza kukhala wapinki, wofiyira wowala, mithunzi ya vinyo.
Zofunika! Choipa cha mitundu iyi ndikuti pakapita nthawi imatha kusintha ngati udzu.
Basamu Hawker
Malo okhala zachilengedwe zamtunduwu ndi New Guinea, Solomon Islands. Zinapezeka ndi botanists mu 1884. Mitundu yobzala zakutchire sizinakhalepo ngati chikhalidwe chokongoletsa ku kontrakitala yaku Europe. Komabe, pamaziko awo, ntchito yayikulu idachitika kuti pakhale mitundu yosakanizidwa.
Mbali yodziwika bwino ya basamu ya Hocker ndi maluwa akuluakulu obiriwira okongola okhala ndi maziko oyera. Masamba ndi ellipsoid, obiriwira, okhala ndi mitsempha ya beige.
Mafuta a basamu akuluakulu
Malo omwe mitunduyi imabadwira ndi ku Sri Lanka. Kuyamikiridwa ndi wamaluwa, ikuyamba kutchuka chifukwa chamaluwa akuluakulu. Dawo lawo limafikira masentimita 6. Ndipo mtundu wake ndi wosiyana: yoyera, ya pinki, yofiyira, yofiyira, yofiirira. Mitundu yokhala ndi utoto wa mitundu iwiri imapangidwanso. Chifukwa chakuti masamba atsopano amapanga ndi kuphuka nthawi zambiri, zotsatira za maluwa ataliatali zimachitika. Zimatha pokhapokha pa kuyamba kwa chisanu.
Chomera chowoneka ngati chitsamba, chophimbidwa ndi masamba. Kutalika kwake ndi mainchesi ake ndi pafupifupi masentimita 30. Masamba a masamba ndi obiriwira akuda, okhala ndi m'mphepete mwa seva. Ali pafupi kubisika ndi maluwa ambiri.
Mafuta a basamu akuluakulu
Mafuta a basamu
Chimodzi mwazinthu zosakhazikika. Zomera zazing'ono zimakhala ndi mtundu wachilendo wa zimayambira - zofiirira. Poyerekeza ndi maziko ake, mthunzi wagolide wa miyala yamtengo wapatali amaoneka mosiyana. Ku Russia, mbewuyi ikadali yakutha.
Impatiens balsamu
Mtundu wotchuka womwe kwawo ndi Bengal. M'chigawochi, mbewuyo siikhala yodzikongoletsa, koma zokometsera chakudya. Uwu ndi udzu wapachaka wokhala ndi tsinde lolunjika 25-255 cm, lanceolate, masamba opendekera okhala ndi m'mphepete mwamphamvu.
Maluwa ndi akulu, amakhala pamatumba ofupikira, zidutswa zochepa pachifuwa chilichonse cha masamba. Dongosolo la maluwa pafupifupi 3 cm, ndipo utoto wake ndi pinki kapena lofiirira. Mitundu ina imakhala ndi miyala ya petry.
Tcherani khutu! Zipatsozi ndi mabokosi amaoneka ngati dzira. Nthawi ya maluwa ndiyambira mwezi wa Julayi mpaka August. Mu Seputembala, zipatso zimacha.
Balsamu Camellia
Mitundu ya Camellia idatchedwa dzina lofanana ndi mawonekedwe a maluwa ndi camellias enieni. Mithunzi yawo imakhala yofiirira mpaka yoyera matalala. Chitsamba chimakutidwa ndi masamba ambiri ndi maluwa ophatikizika. Kukula kwawo kuli pafupifupi 5 cm.
Mitundu ya Camellia imakhala yotentha kwambiri, samakhala pamtunda wotsika kwambiri. Asanabzike pamalo otseguka, mbande zimamera pamalo abwino owunikira. Popanda kuwala, mbewu zimapereka mivi. Maluwa amachitika kumapeto kwa Juni.
Basamu Carmelita
Zoyipa za mitundu ya Carmelita zimamera pansi masentimita 70. Zomera zimakhala ndi piramidi. Zimayambira ndizanyama, koma zofooka, zimathyoka pazenera, motero zimatetezedwa ku mphepo zamphamvu. Maluwa a Terry, kukula mpaka 4 cm. Mawonekedwe awo ndi cameliform, ndipo utotowo umachokera ku utoto wofiirira mpaka woyera. Mphukira yoyamba kutsegulidwa mu June. Maluwa sasiya mpaka Seputembara.
Zosiyanasiyana ndizophatikiza kwambiri ndipo zimayankha kutentha kulikonse. Mbande obzalidwa poyera kumapeto kwa Meyi - oyambirira June.
Mitundu ya Carmelita
Mafuta a Basamu
Chochititsa chidwi pa mitunduyo ndi mitundu yosiyanitsa. Mtundu wake wamitundu iwiri, pinki yowala yokhala ndi petry yoyera yoyera ngati camellias sikhala wosaoneka bwino. Amamasuka m'mphuno tsamba lililonse. Mtengowo pawokha ndi wamtali, 40-50 masentimita. Utoto wake ndi ochulukirapo. Kuti chitsamba ndidapeza mawonekedwe okongola, tsinani.
Maluwa ndi ojambula komanso opanga matendawa, koma amatha kumera pang'ono. Amakonda nthaka yachonde. Ndikhale zatsopano kwa nthawi yayitali.
Pali mitundu ina: Basamu wotalikirapo, New Guinea, terry, wamtundu-wamtambo wamtambo.
Kubzala mbande za basamu poyera
Nthawi yabwino kubzala m'munda wa basamu poyera ndi Meyi. Pofika mwezi uno, m'madera ambiri, kuwopseza kwa madzi oundana omwe angawononge mbande kudutsa.
Zomwe mukusowa
Musanadzalemo mbande panthaka, ndikofunikira kukonza dothi. Zomera zimakonda nthaka yopanda chonde, yopanda acidic.
Zofunika! Dziwani kuchuluka kwa dothi kunyumba pogwiritsa ntchito kulowetsedwa kwa masamba a currant. Ngati, nthaka yaying'ono ikawonjezeredwa kwa iyo, imakhala yofiyira, dothi limakhala acid. Ngati yankho limatembenuka kukhala lamtambo - pang'ono acidic, ndipo ngati khungu - green.
Zitsime za mbande zikuyenera kukhala zofanana ndi zotengera ndi mbande kuti mukadzafesa mizu ya mbande isazike kwambiri. Kuchuluka kwa vermicompost kumatsanulidwa pansi pachitsime chilichonse.
Nthaka ikhoza kuthiridwa musanachitike ndi fungicide, kudyetsa ndi manyowa akale, moisten.
Kusankha malo abwino kwambiri
Mafuta a basamu amafunika kutetezedwa ku mphepo zamphamvu ndi dzuwa lowala, chifukwa limayamba kuzimiririka, ndikupotoza masamba. Maluwa nthawi zambiri amabzalidwa pafupi ndi mipanda, pafupi ndi mitengo. Muthanso kuwakula bwinobwino m'makhola ndi m'miphika.
Ogwira ntchito zamaluwa ozindikira adazindikira kuti mbewu zimamverera bwino kumadzulo ndi kum'mawa kwa chiwembu. Pamabedi amaluwa, ma balsamu amaphatikizidwa ndi mitundu iliyonse. Koma oyandikana nawo okondweretsa ndi begonias, fuchsias, ndi verbena.
Kubzala mbande
Pang'onopang'ono ikamatera
Kuti muwone ngati mbewuyo itazika mizu panthaka komanso ngati ikukula msanga, imachotsedwa mu chidebe chomera ndipo dziko la mizu litayesedwa, ngati dothi loumbidwalo lakulowetsedwa ndi mizu yoyera, mmera umalowetsedwa mumsewu. Magawo Aakulu:
- Zomera, limodzi ndi mtanda wa dothi, zimayala mabowo.
- Amapangidwa motalikirana ndi 25-30 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake, popeza tchire la basamu yamunda limakula msanga.
- Finyani dothi, pang'onopang'ono.
- Chezani kuthirira kambiri.
Landings mulched ndi utuchi. Izi zimalepheretsa kuyanika kuchokera mu dothi komanso kukokoloka kwa mizu nthawi yothirira, komanso kumapereka mwayi wofikira ku mizu ndikulepheretsa kukula kwa udzu.
Kufalikira kwa mafuta a basamu
Mabakiteriya ndiosavuta kubereka. Kuti apange ndalama zawo, wamaluwa samangokhala ndi mbewu, komanso amagawana kudula. Njira zonsezi zimapereka zotsatira zabwino.
Kufalikira ndi kudula
Pakudula zodula, mphukira zazitali kwambiri zimasankhidwa. Nsonga zimadulidwa ndi mpeni kapena tsamba lakuthwa. Kutalika kwa zodula kumayenera kukhala masentimita 10-12. Masamba otsika amachotsedwa kwa iwo. Mizu yamizu kenako imapangidwa pamitundu yopanda kanthu.
Tcherani khutu! Magawo am'munsi mwa odulidwa amamizidwa m'madzi firiji. Pambuyo masiku 10, mizu mawonekedwe. Zomera zingabzalidwe mu nthaka.
Kulima mbewu
Mbeu zamera zimagulidwa m'misika yamasitolo kapena kutolera maluwa. Njira yobala iyi ili ndi zovuta zingapo:
- hybrids samatengera cholowa nthawi zonse;
- Mbeu zophatikizidwa kuchokera ku zipatso zosapsa zamabokosi zimamera pang'ono.
Kuti duwa lithe maluwa, nyimbo zotsatirazi ndi zoyenera:
- perlite, kompositi, humus, mtundu wofanana;
- peat ndi mchenga, pepala kumtunda kwa kuchuluka kwa 1: 2.
Mbewu ya Basamu Tom Tamb
Mbewu za mbande zofesedwa mu February - koyambirira kwa Marichi. Magawo Ogwira Ntchito:
- Mbewu zimanyowetsedwa kwa mphindi 10 mu njira yofooka ya potaziyamu permanganate, ndikusiyidwa kwa mphindi 30 m'madzi ofunda.
- Nthaka yomwe ili mchotsekeramo ndi yothira.
- Mbewu zofesedwa pamtunda wa 4-5 mm. Finyani ndi mchenga wowonda.
- Chotetezacho chimakutidwa ndi filimu kapena galasi kuti ikhale chinyontho.
- Onjezani kutentha kwa nyengo + 24-260 C.
- Akamatera amayang'ana tsiku ndi tsiku. Mbande zimakonda kupangira mbewu zosagwirizana ndi matenda.
- Mbande yoyamba ikawonekera, imapanga gulu loyang'ana kumbuyo kuti mphukira zisatambule.
- Pakufunika, dothi limanyowa.
- Pambuyo pa kuwonekera kwa tsamba lokwanira lachitatu, mbande zimadzidwa.
Kusamalira mafuta a basamu m'duwa
Omwe alimi ambiri amasangalala kubzala basamu m'magawo, kulima ndi kusamalira kumafuna nthawi yayitali. Kusamalira kumakhala kuthirira ndi kuthira manyowa nthawi zonse.
Njira yothirira
Madzi ndi kukhudza zambiri. Mtsinje wamadzi umayendetsedwa pansi pa chitsamba kuti chinyezi chisagwere masamba. Pakathirira madzi akhuta.
Tcherani khutu! Mu nyengo yotentha, youma, mbewu zimapopera mbewu kuchokera ku mfuti. Chitani izi kuti chinyontho chitha kugwera masamba okha. Kumwaza kumachitika kamodzi patsiku, m'mawa komanso madzulo. Pambuyo kuthirira, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti timasule dothi.
Chovala chamaluwa chamaluwa
Feteleza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kawiri pa sabata, komanso kuthirira. Zomera zazing'ono zimadyetsedwa ndi mankhwala a nayitrogeni. Amathandizira kukula kwa zobiriwira zambiri. Zosakanikirana ndi phosphorous ndi potaziyamu ndizoyenera kutulutsa maluwa. Pakutha kwa chilimwe, kudyetsa kumayima.
Kutulutsa kwamaluwa kwa mabulosi ambiri m'mundamo kumatsegulira mwayi wopanga maluwa okongola, malire, makoma, maluwa. Mitundu ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana amakupatsani mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito chaka chilichonse m'dzikolo.
